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170 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY provide improved cultural models for the explication of bias in archeological samples. Conclusions Quantitative zooarcheological methods are concerned with attributing the characteristics of a sample to the natural and cultural factors that stand between the past behavior and the present collection of buried objects. Unfortunately, archeological bones have been modified by clusters of factors, whose effects tend to mask one another; segregating each will be an exacting analytical task (Binford and Betram, 1977:105). Nevertheless, it is possible to sort the analytic problems into three broad areas. A variety of sampling and curatorial biases affect the way the samples we Behrensmeyer, Anna K. 1978. Taphonomic and Ecologic Information from Bone Weathering. Paleobiology, 4(2): 150-162. Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Andrew P. Hill 1980. Fossils in the Making. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Binford, Lewis R. 1978. Nunamuit Ethnoarchaeology. New York: Academic Press. Binford, Lewis R., and Jack B. Bertram 1977. Bone Frequencies and Attritional Processes. In L.R. Binford, editor. For Theory Building in Archaeology, pages 77-153. New York: Academic Press. Bokonyi, Sandor 1970. A New Method for the Determination of the Number of Individuals in Animal Bone Matter. American Journal of Archaeology, 74:291-292. Brain, C.K. 1976. Some Principles in the Interpretation of Bone Accumulations Associated with Man. In G.L. Isaac and E.R. McCown, editors, Human Origins: Louis Leakey and the East African Evidence, pages 97- 116. Menlo Park, California: Staples Press. Butler, Katherine E. 1974. Identification and Interpretation of American Bison Remains from the Cherokee Sewer Site, Cherokee County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society, 21:97-115. Calabrese, F.A. 1972. Cross Ranch: A Study in Variability in a Stable Cultural Tradition. Plains Anthropologist, 9, 17(58, 2): 85 pages. Literature Cited study reflect the collection potentially available for recovery. The kind of collection techniques employed in excavation affect the likelihood of recovering many small species and the quantitative relationships that are estimated for species for all sizes. Each of the statistics used to estimate species frequencies makes different assumptions about the nature of the archeological situation. Considerably more experimental work will be required to sort out the effects of such attritional factors as soil chemistry, root action, and mechanical erosion. Understanding the human behavior encoded in animal bones, in the Plains as elsewhere, however, ultimately demands a more detailed ethnographic knowledge of the way cultures affect the zoological world. Casteel, Richard W. 1976-1977. A Consideration of the Behavior of the Minimum Number of Individuals Index: A Problem in Faunal Characterization. Ossa, 3/4:141-151. 1977. Characterization of Faunal Assemblages and the Minimum Number of Individuals Determined from Paired Elements: Continuing Problems in Archeology. yoM?7za/ of Archeological Science, 4:125- 134. Chaplin, Raymond E. 1971. The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. New York: Academic Press. Clark, John, and Kenneth K. Kietzke 1967. Paleoecology of the Lower Nodular Zone, Brule Formation, in the Big Badlands of South Dakota. Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs, 5:111-129. Clark, Tim W. 1975. Some Relationships between Prairie Dogs, Blackfooted Ferrets, Paleo-Indians, and Ethnographically Known Tribes. Plains Anthropologist, 2(67): 71-74. Clason, A.T., and W. Prummel 1977. Collecting, Sieving and Archaeozoological Research. Journal of Archaeological Science, 4:171-175. Cowgill, George L. 1970. Some Sampling and Reliability Problems in Archaeology. In J.C. Gardin, editor, Arche'ologie et Calculateurs, pages 161-175. Paris: CNRS. Coy, Jennie 1977. Appendix 4: Animal Remains. In J.E. Coleman, Kephala: A Late Neolithic Settlement and Cem-
NUMBER 30 171 etery. Keos, 1:129-133. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies. Daly, Patricia 1969. Approaches in Faunal Analysis in Archaeology. American Antiquity, 34(2): 146-153. Davis, Leslie B. 1978. Twentieth Century Commercial Mining of Northern Plains Bison Kills. In L.B. Davis and M. Wilson, editors, Bison Procurement and Utilization: A Symposium. Plains Anthropologist, 14, 23(82, 2): 254-286. Davis Leslie B., and Michael Wilson, editors 1978. Bison Procurement and Utilization: A Symposium. Plains Anthropologist, 23(82, 2). Dillehay, T.D. 1974. Late Quaternary Bison Population Changes on the Southern Plains. Plains Anthropologist, 19(65): 180-196. Ducos, Pierre 1975. Analyse Statistique des Collections d'Ossements. In A.T. Clason, editor, Archaeozoological Studies, pages 34-44. New York: North Holland/American Elsevier. Falk, Carl R. 1969. Faunal Remains. Plains Anthropologist, 14(44, 2): 44-51. 1977. Analyses of Unmodified Vertebrate Fauna from Sites in the Middle Missouri Subarea: A Review. Plains Anthropologist, 22(78, 2): 151-161. Gifford, Diane P., and A.K. Behrensmeyer 1977. Observed Formation and Burial of a Recent Human Occupation Site in Kenya. Quaternary Research, 8:245-266. Gilbert, Allan S. 1979. Urban Taphonomy of Mammalian Remains from the Bronze Age of Godin Tepe, Western Iran. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. Gilbert, Allan S., and Paul Steinfeld 1977. Faunal Remains from Dinkha Tepe, Northwestern Iran. Journal of Field Archaeology, 4(3): 329-351. Gilbert, B. Miles 1969. Some Aspects of Diet and Butchering Techniques among Prehistoric Indians in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist, 14(46) :277-294. Gordon, Bryan H.C. 1979. Of Men and Herds in Canadian Plains Prehistory. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper, 84. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. Grayson, Donald K. 1973. On the Methodology of Faunal Analysis. American Antiquity, 38(4):432-439. 1978. Minimum Numbers and Sample Size in Vertebrate Faunal Analysis. American Antiquity, 43(l):53-65. Guilday, John 1970. Animal Remains from Archaeological Excavations at Fort Ligonier, Pennsylvania (1758-1766 A.D.). Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 42:177-186. Gunnerson, Dolores A. 1972. Man and Bison on the Plains in the Protohistoric Period. Plains Anthropologist, 17(55): 1-10. Hanson, C. Bruce 1980. Fluvial Taphonomic Processes: Models and Experiments. In A.K. Behrensmeyer and A.P. Hill, editors, Fossils in the Making, pages 156-181. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hare, P.E. 1980. Organic Geochemistry of Bone and Its Relation to the Survival of Bone in Its Natural Environment. In A.K. Behrensmeyer and A.P. Hill, editors. Fossils in the Making, pages 208-219. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hecker, Howard 1975. The Faunal Analysis of the Primary Food Animals from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Beidha (Jordan). Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. Hesse, Brian 1978. Evidence for Husbandry from the Early Neolithic Site of Ganj Dareh in Western Iran. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. Hesse, Brian, and D. Perkins, Jr. 1974. Faunal Remains from Karatas-Semayiik in Southwest Anatolia: An Interim Keport. Journal of Field Archaeology, 1(1/2): 149-160. Holtzman, Richard C. 1979. Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Fossil Assemblage Composition. Paleobiology, 5(2):77-89. King, Anthony 1978. A Comparative Survey of Bone Assemblages from Roman Sites in Britain. Institute of Archaeology Bulletin, University of London, 15:207-232. Krantz, Grover S. 1968. A New Method of Counting Mammal Bones. American Journal of Archaeology, 72:286-288. Lyman, R. Lee 1977. Analysis of Historic Faunal Remains. Historical Archaeology, 11:67-73. 1979. Available Meat from Faunal Remains: A Consideration of Techniques. American Antiquity, 44(3): 536-546. Parmalee, Paul W. 1977. The Avifauna from Prehistoric Arikara Sites in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist, 22(77): 189- 222. Perkins, Dexter, Jr. 1973. A Critique on the Methods of Quantifying Faunal Remains from Archaeological Sites. In J. Matolsci, editor, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der
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JM*^>T^ Plains Indian Studies A COL
Page 3 and 4:
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHRO
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Contents Page EDITORS' INTRODUCTION
Page 7 and 8:
Plains Indian Studies Editors' Intr
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NUMBER 30 12:00 p.m. LUNCH 1:30 p.m
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NUMBER 30 comprised some of the ear
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John C. Ewers and William N. Fenton
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^9 ^^^^H/"^V^^^^H P^^B Lf// to n|[/
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John Canfield Ewers and the Great T
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NUMBER 30 13 heavy doses of materia
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NUMBER 30 15 sages from books and a
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NUMBER 30 sault by the medicine pip
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NUMBER 30 19 cused on archeology. T
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NUMBER 30 21 he has viewed statisti
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NUMBER 30 23 Basin Surveys, establi
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Bibliography of John C. Ewers 1932
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NUMBER 30 27 36. The Indian Trade o
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NUMBER 30 29 1966 82. Chiefs from t
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NUMBER 30 31 125. Chippewa, Cree an
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Bibhography of Waldo R. Wedel 1933
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NUMBER 30 35 43. The Missouri River
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NUMBER 30 37 1959 79. An Introducti
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NUMBER 30 39 116. House Floors and
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NUMBER 30 41 phase of the game of m
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NUMBER 30 43 FIGURE 3.—Waldo and
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NUMBER 30 45 came Jack's extensive
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An Historical Character Mythologize
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NUMBER 30 49 ruined"), since the ac
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NUMBER 30 51 a war party that happe
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NUMBER 30 The Legendary Figure An i
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NUMBER 30 their identity to anyone,
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NUMBER 30 57 as the actors approach
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Political Assimilation on the Black
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NUMBER 30 61 and daring on horse-st
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NUMBER 30 63 the incident led to hi
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NUMBER 30 65 after years of litigat
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NUMBER 30 67 vation and before the
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NUMBER 30 69 to the financially dis
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NUMBER 30 Federal Records Center, D
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"Look at My Hair, It is Gray": Age
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NUMBER 30 75 suited potential selec
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NUMBER 30 77 THE GROS VENTRE BUSINE
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NUMBER 30 79 worked to generate sup
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NUMBER 30 81 Mountain Crows, and th
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NUMBER 30 83 validated and reinforc
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NUMBER 30 85 general. The Sun Dance
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NUMBER 30 87 spect for ritual leade
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NUMBER 30 89 and I don't know what
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NUMBER 30 91 ington, D.C: Catholic
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NUMBER 30 93 volume 12, book 1. Hou
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NUMBER 30 95 ing and travel. Yet ea
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NUMBER 30 97 place." The leadership
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NUMBER 30 99 (Imuks-ay'k-ni), from
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NUMBER 30 101 ical condition were t
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NUMBER 30 103 chiefs of the tribe.
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Laced Coats and Leather Jackets: Th
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NUMBER 30 107 fashion. Far more col
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NUMBER 30 109 On the other side of
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NUMBER 30 111 FIGURE 10.—White ma
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NUMBER 30 113 sashes and beadwork.
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NUMBER 30 115 FIGURE 13.—Oglala S
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NUMBER 30 117 Cabinet of Curiositie
Page 125 and 126: NUMBER 30 119 the period has often
Page 127 and 128: NUMBER 30 121 as physically large;
Page 129 and 130: NUMBER 30 123 New Spain and in many
Page 131 and 132: NUMBER 30 125 ita) trader (M. Wedel
Page 133 and 134: NUMBER 30 127 riors and have served
Page 135 and 136: NUMBER 30 129 hunters and traders d
Page 137 and 138: NUMBER 30 131 I have seen no record
Page 139 and 140: NUMBER 30 133 effective enticements
Page 141 and 142: Shelling Corn in the Prairie-Plains
Page 143 and 144: NUMBER 30 137 FIGURE 15.—Oneota s
Page 145 and 146: NUMBER 30 It is possible that still
Page 147 and 148: NUMBER 30 141 canvas on which they
Page 149 and 150: NUMBER 30 143 of September when the
Page 151 and 152: NUMBER 30 gested the use of these i
Page 153 and 154: NUMBER 30 147 Shell and side A, rig
Page 155 and 156: NUMBER 30 ences, demonstrated below
Page 157 and 158: NUMBER 30 151 FIGURE 22.—Vertical
Page 159 and 160: NUMBER 30 153 fig. 12r). Objects of
Page 161 and 162: NUMBER 30 155 editor. Aspects of Up
Page 163 and 164: Bias in the Zooarcheological Record
Page 165 and 166: NUMBER 30 159 population in cultura
Page 167 and 168: NUMBER 30 between sites. Since so m
Page 169 and 170: NUMBER 30 163 pling scheme used. Th
Page 171 and 172: NUMBER 30 165 MNI MNI FIGURE 25.—
Page 173 and 174: NUMBER 30 167 taken to contribute t
Page 175: NUMBER 30 169 Among the historic Co
Page 179 and 180: Some Observations on the Central Pl
Page 181 and 182: NUMBER 30 175 similarity in the cho
Page 183 and 184: NUMBER 30 177 N SELECTED ARCHAEOLOG
Page 185 and 186: NUMBER 30 179 FIGURE 30.—Forest c
Page 187 and 188: NUMBER 30 181 a long line along the
Page 189 and 190: NUMBER 30 183 sloping ridge spurs.
Page 191 and 192: NUMBER 30 hunting and fishing camps
Page 193 and 194: NUMBER 30 187 should reduce the num
Page 195 and 196: NUMBER 30 189 has drawn upon models
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 30 191 Dean, Seth 1883. Anti
Page 199 and 200: Paleo-Indian Winter Subsistence Str
Page 201 and 202: NUMBER 30 195 and late Archaic peri
Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 30 197 nent is located in th
Page 205 and 206: NUMBER 30 199 1977-78 caused the ar
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 30 201 meat caches, would un
Page 209 and 210: NUMBER 30 203 published advocating
Page 211 and 212: NUMBER 30 205 Radiometric determina
Page 213 and 214: NUMBER 30 207 of butchering. Among
Page 215 and 216: NUMBER 30 209 as hearths, along wit
Page 217 and 218: NUMBER 30 211 found. At Locality II
Page 219 and 220: NUMBER 30 213 and unifacial flake t
Page 221 and 222: NUMBER 30 extended across Beringia
Page 223 and 224: NUMBER 30 217 Irving, William N. 19
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REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
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