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FRAZIER, J.L. and HEITZ, J.R. 1975. Inhibition ofolfaction in the moth Heliothis virescens by the sulfhydryl reagent ftuorescein mercuric acetate. Chem. Senses Flavor 11:271-281. HAANSTAD, J.O. and NORRIS, D.M. 1992. Altered elm resistance to smaller European elm bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 85:172-181. HAROLD, F.M. 1986. The vital force: A study of bioenergetics. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 577 p. KAISSLING, K.E. t971. Insect olfaction, p. 351-431. In Beidler, L.M., ed. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. 5. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. KAISSMNG, K.E. 1974. Sensory transduction in insect olfactory receptors, p. 243-273. In Jaenicke, L., ed. Biochemistry of Sensory Functions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. KAISSLING, K.E. 1987. R.W. Wright Lectures on Insect Olfaction, p. 1-75. In Colbert, K., ed. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada. KOGAN, M. and PAXTON, J. 1983. Natural inducers of plant resistance to insects, p. 153-17 I. In Hedin, RA., ed. Plant Resistance to Insects. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. LIU, S.H., NORRIS, D.M., HARTWIG, E.E., and XU, M. 1992. Inducible phytoalexins in juvenile soybean genotypes predict soybean looper resistance in the fully developed plants. Plant Physiol. 100: 1479-1485. LIU, S.H., NORRIS, D.M., and LI, J. 1994. Peroxidase activity as correlated with stress-inducible insect resistance in Glycine max. Trends in Agricultural Sciences-Entomology, in press. LIU, S.H., NORRIS, D.M., and XU, M. 1993. Insect resistance and glyceollin concentration in seedling soybeans support resistance ratings of fully developed plants. J. Econ. Entomol. 86: 401-406. MA, W.C. 1977. Alterations of chemoreceptor function in armyworm larvae (Spodoptera exempta) by a plant-derived sesqui-terpenoid and by sulthydryl reagents. Physiol. Entomol. 2: 199-297. MA, W.C. 1981. Receptor membrane function in olfaction and gustation: Implications from modification by reagents and drugs, p. 267-287. In Norris, D.M., ed. Perception of Behavioral Chemicals. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. MARKOVIC, I., HAANSTAD, J.O., and NORRIS, D.M. 1993. Chemical correlates of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) altered Malacosoma disstria herbivory in Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrinia, green ash. J. Chem. Ecol. 19:1205- 1217. MORTON, R.A. 1965. Biochemistry of Quinones. Academic Press, London. NEUPANE, F.R and NORRIS, D.M. 1990. Iodoacetic acid alteration of soybean resistance to the cabbage looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 19: 215-221. NEUPANE, F.R and NORRIS, D.M. 1991a. Sulthydryl reagent alteration of soybean resistance to the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Ent. Exp. Appl. 60: 239-245. NEUPANE, ER and NORRIS, D.M. 1991b. Alpha-tocopherol alteration of soybean anti-herbivory to Trichoplusia ni larvae. J. Chem. Ecol. 17: 1941-1951. NEUPANE, ER and NORRIS, D.M. 1992. Antioxidant alteration of Glycine max (Fabaceae) defensive chemistry: analogy to herbivory elicitation. Chemoecology 3: 25-32. NORRIS, D.M. 1969. Energy transduction mechanism in olfaction and gustation. Nature 222: 1263-1264. 55
NORRIS, DM. 1970. Quinol stimulation and quinone deterrency of gustation by Scolytus multistriatus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.63: 476-478. NORRIS, D.M. 1971. A hypothesized unifying mechanism in neural function. Experientia 27:531-532. NORRIS, D.M. 1976. How certain insects take the bitter with the sweet. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 22: 27-30. NORRIS, D.M. 1979. Chemoreception proteins, p. 59-77. In Narahashi, T., ed. Neurotoxicology of Insecticides and Pheromones. Plenum Publish., New York. NORRIS, D.M. 1981. Possible unifying principles in energy transduction in the chemical senses, p. 289-306. In Norris, DM., ed. Perception of Behavioral Chemicals. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. NORRIS, DM. 1985. Electrochemical parameters of energy transduction between repellent naphthoquinones and lipoprotein receptors in insect neurons. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerget. 14: 449-456. NORRIS, DM. 1986. Anti-feeding compounds, p. 97-146. In Haug, G. and Hoffmann, H., eds. Chemistry of Plant Protection, vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. NORRIS, DM. 1988. Periplaneta americana perception of phytochemical naphthoquinones as allelochemicals. J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 1807-1819. NORRIS, D.M. 1994. Phytochemicals as messengers altering behavior. In Ananthakrishnan, T.N., ed. Functional Dynamics of Phytophagous Insects. Oxford and IBH Publish. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, in press. NORRIS,D.M., BAKER, J.E., BORG, T.K., FERKOVICH, S.M., and ROZENTAL, J.M. 1970a. An energy-transduction mechanism in chemoreception by the bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus. Contrib. Boyce Thomp. Inst. 24: 263-274. NORRIS, D.M. and CHU, H.M. 1974. Chemosensory mechanism in Periplaneta americana: Electroantennogram comparisons of certain quinone feeding inhibitors. J. Insect Physiol. 20: 1687-1696. NORRIS, D.M., FERKOVICH, S.M., BAKER, J.E., ROZENTAL, J.M., and BORG, T.K. 1971. Energy transduction in quinone inhibition of insect feeding. J. Insect Physiol. 17: 85-97. NORRIS, D.M., FERKOVICH, S.M., ROZENTAL, J.M., BAKER, J.E., and T.K. BORG. 1970b. Energy transduction: inhibition of cockroach feeding by naphthoquinones. Science 170: 754-755. NORRIS, DM. and LIU, S.H. 1992. A common chemical mechanism for insect-plant communication, p. 186-187. In Menken, S.B.J., Visser, J.H., and Harrewijn, P., eds. Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. KluwerAcademic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. O'CONNELL, R.J. 1981. The encoding of behaviorally important odorants by insect chemosensory receptor neurons, p. 133-163. In Norris, D.M., ed. Perception of Behavioral Chemicals. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, ATnsterdam. PACKER, L. and GLAZER, A.N., eds. 1990. Oxygen radicals in biological systems, part B, Oxygen radicals and antioxidants, p. 1-855. In Abelson, J.N. and Simon, M.I., eds.-in- chief. Methods in Enzymology. vol. 186. Academic Press New York. PYLE, A.M. 1993. Ribozymes: a distinct class of metalloenzymes. Science 261:709-714. RAINA, A.K., KINGAN, T.G., and MATTOO, A.K. 1992. Chemical signals from host plant and sexual behavior in a naoth. Science 255: 592-594. RAVICHANDRAN, K.G., BODDUPALLI, S.S., HASEMANN, C.A., PETERSON, J.A., and DEISENHOFER, J. 1993. 56 Crystal structure of hemoprotein domain of P450BM-3, a prototype for microsomal P450's. Science 261" 731-7 36.
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DYNAMICS OF FOREST HERBIVORY: QUEST
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Seeking The Rules
Page 7 and 8:
32. Companion planting of the nitro
Page 9 and 10:
GRIMALSKY, ¥.I., Research Institut
Page 11 and 12:
POUTTU, ANTTI, Finnish Forest Resea
Page 13 and 14:
persist in mature leaves and affect
Page 15 and 16: THE SINK-SOURCE HYPOTHESIS: TYPE AN
Page 17 and 18: late season defoliation decreases t
Page 19 and 20: BLANCHE, C.A., LORIO, EL., Jr., SOM
Page 21 and 22: NIEMELA, R, TUOMI, J,, and LOJANDER
Page 24: induced reactions have been studied
Page 28 and 29: summer, but the other sawfly specie
Page 30 and 31: LARSSON, S., BJ(_RKMAN, C., and GRE
Page 32 and 33: STAND AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY AS A
Page 34 and 35: not related to resistance to the se
Page 36 and 37: In contrast to the situation in eas
Page 38 and 39: ROOT, R.B. 1973. Organization of a
Page 40 and 41: We tlhus neglect two potential sour
Page 42 and 43: c__ c__ 1T1 Ill a) a) 0 0 0 e 1 o e
Page 44 and 45: c_ >l.s S S S m N < DN DN < D c DN
Page 46 and 47: :hen k > 0 suggest that the cue or
Page 48 and 49: oth as protective weapons and as po
Page 50 and 51: DEFENSE THEORIES AND BIRCH RESISTAN
Page 52 and 53: P 45 A L 40 A T 35 A B 30 I L 25 I
Page 54 and 55: However, hares showed strong prefer
Page 56 and 57: DUGLE, J.A. 1966. A taxonomic study
Page 58 and 59: accommodate findings related to mic
Page 60 and 61: Table l.--Mean ±S.E. area eaten by
Page 62 and 63: Sulfhydryl-Disulfide Mechanisms In
Page 64 and 65: Iraa prior experimental analysis of
Page 68 and 69: REICHARD, R 1993. From RNA to DNA,
Page 70 and 71: ; trees, and between and within ind
Page 72 and 73: Encapsulated objects are data struc
Page 74 and 75: _re3.--The Lignum model can be cont
Page 76 and 77: SEVERE DEFOLIATION Tree Fine Root +
Page 78 and 79: RUMBAUGH, J., BLAHA, M., PREMERLANI
Page 80 and 81: oo0 a b ol ¢' _achiman_i ()® 1,eA
Page 82 and 83: 1000 Conspicuous Defo i at ion 100
Page 84 and 85: 2.oo 2.oo o t 4 t ¢._ e'- 1.80 1.8
Page 86 and 87: Qualitative Changes in [,eaves and
Page 88 and 89: t00 2 Yr 1 Yr o_ 80 Treatment Treat
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.--Body size of Q. purzctate
Page 92 and 93: 06 b AddedBSA < 04 _ 2rag -'=' i:3
Page 94 and 95: Severe Defol iat ion Site-A 1993 _
Page 96 and 97: KAMATA, N. and IGARASHI, M. 1995b.
Page 98 and 99: enclosure %r 20 post-diapausing sec
Page 100 and 101: 2,500 F 000 F NF NF b _7 a _;_ a _7
Page 102 and 103: 8O D 09 i 4,'.) F AS4L a Z___7 2o !
Page 104 and 105: 2,500 _ st2-st4 El st5 0 st6 [_ pup
Page 106 and 107: 96 SLANSKY, E, Jr. 1990. Insect nut
Page 108 and 109: later, we selected one more floweri
Page 110 and 111: Table 2.---Mean spruce budworm perf
Page 112 and 113: Table 3..--Mean spruce budworm perf
Page 114 and 115: FOLIVORE FEEDING ON MALE CONIFER FL
Page 116 and 117:
Table 3.--Lymantria monacha prefere
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500- 400- i 300 v ¢ m a 200- I00 L
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From the point of view of trees, th
Page 122 and 123:
THE BLACKMARGINED APHID AS A KEYSTO
Page 124 and 125:
Wood et al. (1987) report that M. c
Page 126 and 127:
MIZELL, R.E 1991. Pesticides and be
Page 128 and 129:
METHODS Study Site The study took p
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the samples. Fertilization had subs
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Table 2.--Percent nutrient content
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Some tree responses to fertilizatio
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PHYTOCHEMICAL PROTECTION AND NATURA
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Indirect effects of abiotic factors
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HUNTER, M.D. and PRICE, P.W. 1992.
Page 142 and 143:
A° ADDITIVE C. HYBRID SUSCEPTIBILI
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Galls, leaf miners, or leaf folds w
Page 146 and 147:
Table 2.--Summary of the hypotheses
Page 148 and 149:
the inheritance patterns of seconda
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FLOATE, K.D. and WHITHAM, T.G. 1993
Page 152 and 153:
Elements of the Suitability/Defense
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Table l.--Comparing the mean number
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors sincer
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SINGH, D.R 1986_ Breeding for resis
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The objectives of this presentation
Page 162 and 163:
Table 1.--Average weevil attack on
Page 164 and 165:
1977, Kline and Mitchell 1979, Wood
Page 166 and 167:
Further research is underway to cla
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A SUGI CLONE HIGHLY PALATABLE TO HA
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RESULTS Seasonal Stability of Palat
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-
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OGAWA, A., NAGATA, Y., and SUKENO,
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Field Work In
Page 178 and 179:
Laboratory Procedures The week afte
Page 180 and 181:
E 120 Nogent-sur-Vernisson Remnings
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Interdependence Between Reaction Zo
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alance hypothesis (Lorio 1986) cann
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SOLHEIM, H., LANGSTROM, B., and HEL
Page 188 and 189:
In a second experiment, three 30-ye
Page 190 and 191:
Considering biochemical pathways, i
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- = 120 N /'_" =40 1/ _ j Days 0 _
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BIGGS, A.R. 1985. Suberized boundar
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DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHIT
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Table 2.--Mortality of white fir pr
Page 200 and 201:
Results from the geographic range p
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esulting seedlings were then rooted
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-0.2 0 5 82. _j -0,4 e a a a D4 E I
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1960, Kalkstein 1976). Increased su
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RYAN, B.F., JOtNER, B.L., and RYAN,
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It is seldom feasible to control wa
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15 15 u. 10 |O O N tal 5 5 g ao o 4
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Only recently have we conducted stu
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esistance to beetle attack. Another
Page 218 and 219:
LORIO, EL., Jr'. and HODGES, J.D. 1
Page 220 and 221:
EFFECTS OF ROOT INHABITING INSECT-F
Page 222 and 223:
OCCURRENCE OF ROOT AND STEM SUBCORT
Page 224 and 225:
]Predisposition of Root-infected Tr
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chemistry associated with root colo
Page 228 and 229:
Implications to Natural Resource Ma
Page 230 and 231:
KLEPZIG, K.D., RAFFA, K.F., and SMA
Page 232 and 233:
RAFFA, K.F., PHILLIPS, T., and SALO
Page 234 and 235:
METHODS The study was installed in
Page 236 and 237:
FURNISS, M.M., LIVINGSTON, R.L., an
Page 238 and 239:
METHODS In the spring and summer of
Page 240 and 241:
The importance of a compound as a r
Page 242 and 243:
WERNER, R.A. 1995. Toxicity and rep
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41 40 42 \ 4t 42 41 42 ",,,\ 42 40
Page 246 and 247:
Table 1.--Summary data for the 26 p
Page 248 and 249:
One weakness of using data from gen
Page 250 and 251:
Lower Peninsula (populations 14-26)
Page 252 and 253:
AUCLAIR, A.ND., WORREST, R.C., LACH
Page 254 and 255:
KELLOMAKI, S., HANNINEN, H., and KO
Page 256 and 257:
WARGO, RM. and HAACK, R.A. 1991. Un
Page 258 and 259:
investigation. Sampling was done on
Page 260 and 261:
Figure 2.--Changes in protein preci
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q) J 400 T J ! i i i i o control tr
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attacked trees than in control tree
Page 266 and 267:
ACIDIC DEPOSITION, DROUGHT, AND INS
Page 268 and 269:
Table 1.--Impact of acidic fog upon
Page 270 and 271:
MENGEL, K., BREININGER, T., and LUT
Page 272 and 273:
THE RESISTANCE OF SCOTCH PINE TO DE
Page 274 and 275:
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Experiments we
Page 276 and 277:
C w Q. 1,200 1,000 o 800 C_ --- 600
Page 278 and 279:
0 .................................
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FONTAtNE, R.G. 1985. Forty years of
Page 282 and 283:
Host Defenses An important componen
Page 284 and 285:
Functional Heterogeneity of Forest
Page 286 and 287:
The Connectivity Index (CI). The CI
Page 288 and 289:
FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITYANALYSIS :
Page 290 and 291:
The Modified Hazard Map. The next l
Page 292 and 293:
systems facilitate mapping of fores
Page 294 and 295:
KOLASA, J. and ROLLO, C.D. 1991. In
Page 296:
) i,i_i)i_)i_i_ U.S. Departme_]t of
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