Contents - Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme

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thephysicsofcomplexsystems.In2009wehostedoneAdvancedStudyGroup,andin2010weenjoyed largescaleactivitiesoftwoAdvancedStudyGroups. Theguestscientistsareusuallylinkedtotheresearchgroupsat mpipks. Insomecasestheyconduct moreindependentresearch,whichleadstosynergeticeffects,includingrecenttemporarycollaborations attheinstituteonultracoldatoms. Synergeticeffectsarefurtherenhancedduetotheopportunityto listentotalksandlectureswithintheSeminarandWorkshopProgramof mpipks(seep.112). InadditiontotheregularpositionsoftheVisitorsProgramtheinstituteannuallyoffersaDistinguished PKSPostdoctoralPositionforexperiencedpostdoctoralscientistsforuptothreeyears.PKSFellowsdo researchinareasrelatedtobutnotdirectlycoveredbytheworkdoneinthe mpipksresearchgroups. ThreePKSFellowsarecurrentlyworkingat mpipks:Dr.EmilBergholtzonCorrelatedquantummatter, Dr. AchilleasLazaridesonCollectivephenomena,andDr.ChiuFanLeeonPhysicalpropertiesand pathogenesisofproteinaggregation,seereportonp.102. TwoPKSfellowshavelefttheinstitute: Dr.VitaliAverbukh(InteratomicDecayProcesses)tookafacultypositionattheImperialCollegein London,andDr.BalaszDora(MagneticImpuritiesind-DensityWaves)movedtoastaffpositionat theUniversityofTechnologyinBudapest. AnotherformerPKSfellowDr.MasudulHaque(Quantum Many-BodyPhenomenainCondensedMatter)movedtoastaffpositionwiththeCondensedMatter Departmentat mpipks. TogetherwiththeTUBraunschweigtheinstitutesupportedajuniorprofessorship(Prof. IlyaEremin, seereportonp.107). Prof. EreminwasteachingattheTUBraunschweig,andconductingresearch at mpipks.InthemeantimehehasacceptedandmovedtoafacultypositionwiththeRuhr-Universität Bochum. Tostrengthenthetransferofknowledgeandexperienceat mpipks,theinstituteannuallyawardsthe MartinGutzwillerFellowshiptoaseniorscientistwhomadeexceptionalcontributionsintheareaofthe physicsofcomplexsystems. GutzwillerFellowsspenduptooneyearat mpipksandcannominatea youngguestscientistfortheVisitorsProgram. The2009and2010fellowswereProf.S.Aubryand Prof.Y.Kevrekidis(seereportonp.108). Aconsiderablenumberofguestscientistsleavetheinstituteforpermanentpositionsintheacademic sector,besidesmanyotherswhocontinuewithpostdoctoralpositionsatotherinstitutionsinGermanyor abroad.Severalguestscientistsleaveforpositionsinthenon-academicsector,suchasappliedresearch, informatics,finance,orconsulting. Inadditiontothelong-termguestscientistpositionstheVisitorsProgramalsohostsmanyshort-term visits(foruptothreemonths).Thesevisitsareusuallyduetocollaborationsoftheresearchgroupsat mpipkswithotherinstitutes. Theirnumberreachedhigherlevelsagain,314duringtheyear2009and 328duringtheyear2010. 3.3.1 PKS-Fellowship Inner-shellionizationofpolyatomicsystems (Dr.VitaliAverbukh) Basedonaccuratequantumchemicalmethodswestudytheeffectofa(multiply)chargedenvironmentonthedecayofinner-shellvacanciesinpolyatomicsystems[1–3].Thiskindofdynamics takesplaceunderilluminationofmatterwithshortintenseX-raypulsesasavailablefromFree ElectronLaserSources,suchasFLASHandLCLSinHamburgandStanford,respectively. Electronicdecayisamajordoorwayforradiationdamagewhichneedstobequantifiedandunderstood foradvanceduseofFEL-radiation. Theadventofpowerfulfree-electronlasers(FELs)operatingintheUVandX-raydomains[4]takesthe studyofradiation-matterinteractiontoanewdynamicalregimeofboth,highphotonenergiesandhigh photonfluxes. Whenincidentonatoms,moleculesorclusters,thestrongfluxesofhigh-energyFEL photonsleadtomultipleinner-shellionization(see,e.g. Ref.[5]). Theensuingelectronicdecayofthe formedinner-shellvacanciesisamajorcontributortoradiationdamageoccurringthroughpositivecharge accumulationandeventuallytodisintegrationofthetargetsystemsbyCoulombexplosion.Wedescribe firstourquantumbasedapproachtocharacterizesuchphenomenaandpresentresultsforthreedifferent scenarios. 102 DetailsandData
TheFano-ADCformulationfordoublyionizedstates Usingthealgebraicdiagrammaticconstruction (ADC)abinitiotechniqueofthegrouparoundL.Cederbaum(Heidelberg),wehavegeneralizedour Fano-ADCcomputationalmethod[6]todecayofdoublyionizedstates[9]incollaborationwithP. Kolorenč(Prague)andtheHeidelberggroup.ThenewmethodhasbeenappliedtoacascadeAuger-ICD process[7,8]inheteronucleardiatoms(NeAr,MgNe). Knowledgeofthedecaywidthsofthedoubly ionizedstatesresultingfromNe 1sAugerdecayinthesesystemsisessentialforthequantitativeprediction ofthekineticenergyspectraoftheICDelectronsemittedonthesecondstageofthecascade[9]. TheFano-ADCapproachasformulatedin[6]isnotapplicabletosystemsinwhichthedecayingexcitationisdelocalizedduetoinversion(orhigher-order)symmetryasisthecaseforthephysicalsituation consideredbelow. ForthesesituationswehaveformulatedanextensionoftheFano-ADCscheme[1], forareviewoftherecentadvancesinthedevelopmentofFano-ADC,seethereview[10]. || 2 (a.u.) 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 200 150 100 50 (a) (b) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 t (fs) Figure1:(a)Survivalprobabilityofthe 2svacancyinAr + (H + )12(solid)andinanisolated Ar + (dashed).(b)Timedependenceofthe r 2 expectationvaluemeasuringthespatialextensionoftheAr + (H + )12 electronicwavefunction. Asmentionedabove,theavailabilityofthehigh-power FELsourcescallsforathoroughinvestigationofelectronicdecayinmultiplychargedsystems.Indeed,anygiveninner-shellvacancycreatedbytheFELradiationcaninteractwiththeneighboringvacancieswhich areabundantduetothehighphotonfluxes. These neighboringvacanciescanparticipateinacollective electronictransitionor,probablymorefrequently,are spectatorsthataffectthedecayprocesswithoutundergoingatransitionthemselves.Thesescenariosare discussedbelow. Collectiveinter-atomicdecayofinner-shellvacancies in doubly charged clusters we have identifiedasanewinter-atomicdecayprocess,cICD[2]. Twoinner-shellvacanciesintwodifferentatomsor moleculescanbefilledsimultaneously,whileaneighboringneutralspeciesisionized.cICDcanberegardedasatransferoftwoormorevirtualphotons fromtheionizedclusterunitstoaneutralone. UsingourFano-ADCtheoryfordoublyionizedstates, wehavedeterminedthedecayrateoftwoKr 4svacanciesinKr2Arforavarietyofclustergeometries asanexample. Thevirtualtwo-photontransitionis ordersofmagnitudefasterthantheradiativedecayof(4s −1 )Kr + andthecollectivedecaycancompete successfullywiththedissociativenucleardynamicsofthedoublyionizedsystem[2]. AtomicAugerdecayinthefieldofapositivecharge Thesimplestpossiblemodelforthestudyof theeffectofaneighboringchargeonanAugertransitionisthatoftheatom(ormolecule)bearinga corevacancyinthefieldofapointcharge.WehavestudiedthedecaywidthsofaseriesofatomicAuger transitionsasfunctionsofatom-protondistance,namely (2s −1 )Mg + Coster-Kronigdecayaswellas (2p −1 )Mg + and (2p −1 )Ar + Augerdecay.Inallcases,wehavefoundanappreciableeffectoftheproton onthedecaywidth,rangingfromabout20%inthecasesof (2s −1 )Mg + and (2p −1 )Ar + tomorethanan orderofmagnitudeinthecaseof (2p −1 )Mg + [11].Weinterpretethiseffectintermsofthedistortionof avalenceorbitalbythestrongelectricfieldofthepointcharge.Whenasingledecaychanneldominates theAugertransition,amoredetailedunderstandingcanbegainedviamultipoleexpansionanalysisofthe correspondingAugermatrixelement. Calculationsofthesizesandthedipolemomentsofthevalence orbitalsasfunctionsoftheatom-protondistancehaveshownthat,justastheappreciablechangesin thedecaywidths,suchdistortionsoccuratthe”chemical”distancesofabout 1 − 2˚A,whileatdistances typicalofvanderWaalsclusters(∼ 3˚A),theneighboringchargeeffectcanbeneglected.Thesefindings arerelevantforthesimulationofclusterandmoleculardisintegrationinanXFELbeam.Suchsimulations usuallyapproximatetheratesofAugertransitionsinmultiplyionizedpolyatomicsystemsbytheAuger ratesofisolatedatoms. Ourworkshowsthatthisassumptionisjustifiedforraregasclustersbutvery questionableformoleculeswhichhasconsequencesforthevalidityofresultsonradiationdamageof moleculesintheXFELfield[12]. PKS-Fellowship 103
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Contents 1 ScientificWorkanditsOrga
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Chapter1 ScientificWorkanditsOrgani
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2009-2010 •In2009Dr.K.Hornbergera
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possibilityforyoungscientiststotake
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manipulationofchargequbits.TakingCo
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Matter wave interference with compl
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interactinggas,futureworkwilladdres
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scalesrangingfromindividualhaircell
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Ohio(Neiman). Problemsfromcellbioph
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oleofdisorderinexoticstronglycorrel
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architectures.Togetherwithdeveloper
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September.Theverysamefoundationsupp
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many-bodyeffectsinquantumdots. Even
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insystemsexhibitingalong-rangeinter
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experimentalprobesleadtoperturbatio
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andefficiency. Theyarethereforewell
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isdefinedbyaslow-downofcelldivision
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1.10 AdvancedStudyGroups AdvancedSt
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AdvancedStudyGroup2010:Quantumtherm
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InJanuaryattentionturnedtocoldatoms
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2.1 Photo Activated Coulomb Complex
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2.2 Molecular bond by internal quan
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2.3 Modular Entanglement in Continu
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2.4 Rotons and Supersolids in Rydbe
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2.5 Electromagnetically Induced Tra
Page 52 and 53: 2.6 Delayed Coupling Theory of Vert
Page 54 and 55: 2.7 Reorientation of Large-Scale Po
Page 56 and 57: 2.8 Coupling Virtual and Real Hair
Page 58 and 59: 2.9 How Stochastic Adaptation Curre
Page 60 and 61: 2.10 Experimental Manifestations of
Page 62 and 63: 2.11 The Statistical Mechanics of Q
Page 64 and 65: 2.12 Entanglement Analysis of Fract
Page 66 and 67: 2.13 Quantum Spin Liquids in the Vi
Page 68 and 69: 2.14 Work Dissipation Along a Non Q
Page 70 and 71: 2.15 Probabilistic Forecasting JOCH
Page 72 and 73: 2.16 Magnetically Driven Supercondu
Page 74 and 75: 2.17 Quantum Criticality out of Equ
Page 76 and 77: 2.18 High-Quality Ion Beams from Na
Page 78 and 79: 2.19 Terahertz Generation by Ionizi
Page 80 and 81: 2.20 Many-body effects in mesoscopi
Page 82 and 83: Bone is a complex tissue that is be
Page 84 and 85: Cooperation is a central phenomenon
Page 86 and 87: 2.23 Measuring the Complete Force F
Page 88 and 89: 2.24 Pattern Formation in Active Fl
Page 90 and 91: 2.25 Magnon Pairing in a Quantum Sp
Page 92 and 93: 2.26 Shortcuts to Adiabaticity in Q
Page 94 and 95: 2.27 Itinerant Magnetism in Iron Ba
Page 96 and 97: 2.28 Kinetochores are Captured by M
Page 98 and 99: Chapter3 DetailsandData 3.1 PhDProg
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Page 106 and 107: • C.F.Lee,L.Jean,C.Lee,M.Shaw,and
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Page 148 and 149: 3.5.2 Degrees Habilitations • Lin
Page 150 and 151: 3.6 PublicRelations 3.6.1 LongNight
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3.7 BudgetoftheInstitute Thefollowi
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52% 56% 13% 11% Budgetforpersonnel
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In 2010 a large parallel cluster wa
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Gugliandolo,L. ProfessorDr. Laborat
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Orosz,H. Oberbürgermeisterinder La
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Chapter4 Publications 4.1 Light-Mat
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Taya,S.A.,M.M.ShabatandH.M.Khalil:
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Oh,S.: Geometricphasesandentangleme
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Stoyanova,A.,L.Hozoi,P.FuldeandH.St
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Thielemann,B.,C.Rüegg,H.M.Rønnow,
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2010 Charrier,D.andF.Alet:Phasediag
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Gvozdikov, V.M.: Compositefermionsw
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Lindner,B.,D.Gangloff,A.LongtinandJ
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Denisov,S.I.,W.HorsthemkeandP.Häng
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Gogberashvili, M.andR.Khomeriki: Tr
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Wang,Q.J.,C.Yan,L.Diehl,M.Hentschel
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Contents - Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme

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