Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

More documents

Recommendations

Info

100 Global Renewable Energy Resource Maps The following six world maps illustrate the potential of hydropower, solar photovoltaics and concentrating power, geothermal power and onshore and offshore wind power. Plate 1 Hydropower Resource Potential Note: Values (in GWh per year and cells of each 0.5° in latitude and longitude) are calculated by means of differences in altitude and water flow. Sources: Data on water flow from WaterGAP, Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel. Data processing and mapping B. Lehner (assisted by G. Czisch), 2003 / to be published Plate 2 Solar Photovoltaic Power Resource Potential Note: Values (in kWh per m 2 and year) are given in terms of global horizontal irradiation (data measured from 1983 to 1992). Sources: Meteorological data from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Data processing and mapping by G. Czisch, ISET / IPP, 2000 Plate 3 Concentrating Solar Power Resource Potential Note: Values are given for the heat output of solar fields SEGS (taking into account wind and ambient temperature) Sources: Meteorological data from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Data processing and mapping by G. Czisch, ISET, IPP, 2000. GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPS
Plate 4 Geothermal Resource Potential Note: The level of enthalpy is given for a temperature difference of 170K at various depths (in metres). The grey land regions are regions where the next measurement registered is more than 300 km away. The darkest blue indicates regions where the depth of the 170K layer is below 6,000 m. Sources: Data from International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC). Data processing and mapping by G. Czisch, ISET / IPP, 2000 (assisted by B. Lehner, USF) Plate 5 Onshore Wind Energy Resource Potential Note: Values are calculated in Full Load Hours based on meteorological data from 1979 to 1992. Sources: Meteorological data from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Data processing and mapping G. Czisch, ISET / IPP, 1999. Plate 6 Offshore Wind Energy Resource Potential Note: Values are calculated in Full Load Hours based on meteorological data from 1979 to 1992. Sources: Meteorological data from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Data processing and mapping by G. Czisch, ISET / IPP, 1999. GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPS 101
Page 1:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
Page 4 and 5:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
Page 7:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
Page 10 and 11:
8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
Page 12 and 13:
10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
Page 15 and 16:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
Page 17 and 18:
Technology and Technological Develo
Page 19 and 20:
Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Int
Page 21 and 22:
Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
Page 23 and 24:
Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
Page 25 and 26:
generation. Better power quality re
Page 27:
per kWh from plants with proven con
Page 30 and 31:
28 Renewables for Power Generation
Page 32 and 33:
30 ● basic features: characterist
Page 34 and 35:
32 The natural factors which affect
Page 36 and 37:
34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
Page 38 and 39:
36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
Page 40 and 41:
Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
Page 42 and 43:
Electricity generation cost in USD
Page 44 and 45:
● Market Installed capacity [MW]
Page 46 and 47:
44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
Page 48 and 49:
Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
Page 50 and 51:
48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
Page 52 and 53: 50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
Page 55 and 56: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
Page 57 and 58: to the alternating current (AC) req
Page 59 and 60: from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
Page 61 and 62: companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
Page 63 and 64: sells customised module manufacturi
Page 65 and 66: germane, and toxic metals like cadm
Page 67 and 68: Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
Page 69 and 70: Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
Page 71 and 72: This is seen most often in Japan, a
Page 73 and 74: System DC/AC unit costs (individual
Page 75 and 76: issue as production levels increase
Page 77: chemistry. Such developments - ulti
Page 80 and 81: 78 delivered to the receiver. The r
Page 82 and 83: 80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
Page 84 and 85: Electricity generation cost USD cen
Page 86 and 87: 84 An example of a CSP industry is
Page 88 and 89: 86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
Page 90 and 91: 88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
Page 92 and 93: 90 innovations have influenced all
Page 94 and 95: 92 receiver technology is entering
Page 96 and 97: 94 energy storage) and higher solar
Page 98 and 99: 96 but solar-field maintenance cost
Page 100 and 101: 98 Further cost reductions will be
Page 105 and 106: BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
Page 107 and 108: transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
Page 109 and 110: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
Page 111 and 112: ● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
Page 113 and 114: Gross electricty generation in GWh
Page 115 and 116: Specific investement costs in € p
Page 117 and 118: Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
Page 119 and 120: €/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
Page 121 and 122: coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
Page 123 and 124: Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
Page 125 and 126: GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
Page 127 and 128: eached relatively shallow depths (5
Page 129 and 130: Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
Page 131 and 132: An example of a large scale power p
Page 133 and 134: ● Industry The international geot
Page 135 and 136: Cumulative global geothermal power
Page 137 and 138: Wastewater: Discharge of wastewater
Page 139 and 140: The following are areas where R&D c
Page 141 and 142: ● Market Opportunities Market Pot
Page 143 and 144: the simplest form of local distribu
Page 145 and 146: Based on country update papers for
Page 147: Power Generation Technology Combine
Page 150 and 151: 148 Commercial and technological de
Page 152 and 153:
150 Table 45 Average Investment Cos
Page 154 and 155:
152 Generation Costs Generating cap
Page 156 and 157:
154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
Page 158 and 159:
156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
Page 160 and 161:
158 On the positive side, no direct
Page 162 and 163:
DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
Page 164 and 165:
Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
Page 166 and 167:
164 before the intermittent nature
Page 168 and 169:
166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
Page 170 and 171:
168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
Page 172 and 173:
170 Internationally accepted requir
Page 174 and 175:
172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
Page 177 and 178:
SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
Page 179 and 180:
European Commission (1997), Energy
Page 181 and 182:
Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 183 and 184:
Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial
Page 185 and 186:
Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187 and 188:
CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
Page 189 and 190:
WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse offi
Page 191:
RETScreen International: http://www
show all

Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?