Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

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180 European Commission (1994), Assessment of Solar Thermal Energy Trough Power Plant Technology and its Transferability to the Mediterranean Region- Final Report, Cologne: Flachglas Solartechnik GmbH, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables and Groupo Endesa. Heller, P., Baumüller A. and Schiel, W. (2000), Eurodish – The Next Milestone to Decrease the Costs of Dish/Stirling System Towards Competitiveness, SolarPACES Symposium, Sydney. Heller, P., Reinalter,W. and Martínez-Plaza, D. (2001), Status of Development of the Dish/Stirling System at Plataforma Solar de Almería, DLR/CIEMAT, PSA. Hofman, Y., de Jager, D., Molenbroek, E., Schilling, F. and Voogt, M. (2002), The Potential of Solar Electricity to Reduce CO2 Emissions, IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. Huber, C. et al. (2002), Final Report of the Project ElGreen - Organising a Joint European Green Electricity Market, Vienna: European Commission. IEA (2000), Experience Curves for Energy Technology Policy, Paris: OECD. IEA/SolarPACES (2000), Annual Report, Köln: DLR. IEA/SolarPACES (2001), Concentrating Solar Power in 2001, an IEA/SolarPACES Summary of the Present Status and Future Prospects, Craig E. Tyner, G. J. Kolb, M. Geyer, M. Romero., DLR: PSA. IEA/SolarPACES (2001), News, Issue 10, April 2001. IEA/SolarPACES (2002), News, Issue 12, April 2002. Keck, T., Schiel, W., Reinalter, W. and Heller P. (2002), EuroDish – an Innovative Dish/Stirling System, Proceedings of the SolarPACES International Symposium, Zurich, September 2002. Lotker, M. (1991), Barriers to Commercialisation of Large-Scale Solar Electricity: Lessons Learnt from the LUZ Experience (SAND91-7014), Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories. Mariyappan, J. (2001), Solar Thermal Thematic Review, Draft Report prepared for the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Mills, D., Schramek, P., Morrison, G., Haynes, B.S., Dey, C., Buie, D. and Imenes, A. (2002), MTSA Prototype Array Project, Proceedings of the SolarPACES International Symposium, Zurich, September 2002. SOURCES AND FURTHER READING X
Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial Path Forward for Concentrating Solar Power Technologies, a Review of Existing Treatments of Current and Future Markets, Sandia. Osuna, R., Fernandez, V., Romero, M. and Marcos, J. (2001), PS10: A 10 MW Solar Tower Power Plant for Southern Spain, Inabensa S.A., Sevilla and CIEMAT, Madrid. Pacheco, J. E. (2001), Thermal-Storage Development, CSP Review meeting, SunLab : Albuquerque, November 2001. Pilkington Solar International GmbH (1996), Status Report on Solar Trough Power Plants, prepared for the German Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology, Cologne. Price, H. and Carpenter, S. (1999), The Potential for Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems, paper presented at the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, August 1999. Spiewak, I. (1997), Solar Thermal Energy Technology: Potential for a Major European Industry, Seville : JRC. SunLab (1996), A Strategic Plan for Solar Thermal Electricity, City: Publisher. UNDP, UNDESA and World Energy Council (2000), Renewable Energy Technologies, World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability. Voogt, M.H. et al. (2001), Renewable Energy Burden Sharing (REBUS) - Effects of Burden Sharing and Certificate Trade on the Renewable Electricity Market in Europe, Amsterdam: ECN. World Bank (1999), Cost-Reduction Study For Solar Thermal Power Plants Final Report, prepared by Enermodal Engineering Ltd. in association with Marbek Resource Consultants Ltd., Washington. World Energy Council (1996), New Renewable Energy Resources, A Guide to the Future. London: WEC. Zavoico, A.B., Gould, W.R., Kelly, B.D. and Grimaldi, I. (2001), Solar Power Tower (SPT) Design Innovation to Improve Reliability and Performance- Reducing Technical Risk and Cost, Proceedings Solar Forum 2001: Solar Energy: The Power to Choose, April 21-25, 2001, Washington, DC. SOURCES AND FURTHER READING 181
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
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8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
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10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
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Technology and Technological Develo
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Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Int
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Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
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Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
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generation. Better power quality re
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per kWh from plants with proven con
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28 Renewables for Power Generation
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30 ● basic features: characterist
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32 The natural factors which affect
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34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
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36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
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Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
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Electricity generation cost in USD
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● Market Installed capacity [MW]
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44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
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Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
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48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
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50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
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to the alternating current (AC) req
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from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
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companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
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sells customised module manufacturi
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germane, and toxic metals like cadm
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Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
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Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
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This is seen most often in Japan, a
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System DC/AC unit costs (individual
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issue as production levels increase
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chemistry. Such developments - ulti
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78 delivered to the receiver. The r
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80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
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Electricity generation cost USD cen
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84 An example of a CSP industry is
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86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
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88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
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90 innovations have influenced all
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92 receiver technology is entering
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94 energy storage) and higher solar
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96 but solar-field maintenance cost
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98 Further cost reductions will be
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100 Global Renewable Energy Resourc
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BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
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transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
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● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
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Gross electricty generation in GWh
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Specific investement costs in € p
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Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
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€/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
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coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
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Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
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GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
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eached relatively shallow depths (5
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Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
Page 131 and 132: An example of a large scale power p
Page 133 and 134: ● Industry The international geot
Page 135 and 136: Cumulative global geothermal power
Page 137 and 138: Wastewater: Discharge of wastewater
Page 139 and 140: The following are areas where R&D c
Page 141 and 142: ● Market Opportunities Market Pot
Page 143 and 144: the simplest form of local distribu
Page 145 and 146: Based on country update papers for
Page 147: Power Generation Technology Combine
Page 150 and 151: 148 Commercial and technological de
Page 152 and 153: 150 Table 45 Average Investment Cos
Page 154 and 155: 152 Generation Costs Generating cap
Page 156 and 157: 154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
Page 158 and 159: 156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
Page 160 and 161: 158 On the positive side, no direct
Page 162 and 163: DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
Page 164 and 165: Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
Page 166 and 167: 164 before the intermittent nature
Page 168 and 169: 166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
Page 170 and 171: 168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
Page 172 and 173: 170 Internationally accepted requir
Page 174 and 175: 172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
Page 177 and 178: SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
Page 179 and 180: European Commission (1997), Energy
Page 181: Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 185 and 186: Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187 and 188: CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
Page 189 and 190: WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse offi
Page 191: RETScreen International: http://www
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