Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

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186 IEA (2001), IEA Wind Energy Newsletter, July 2001, Paris: OECD. IEA / Wene, C.O. (2000), Experience Curves for Energy Technology Policy, Paris: OECD. Jamieson, P. and Quarton, D.C. (1999), Technology Development for Offshore, European Wind Energy Conference, Nice, March 1999. Johnson, A. et al. (2000), The Emergence of a Growth Industry: A Comparative Analysis of the German, Dutch and Swedish Wind Turbine Industries, Gothenburg: Chalmers University of Technology. Junginger, M. (2000), Experience Curves in the Wind Energy Sector, NWS-I- 2000-29, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University, November 2000. Junginger, M. et al. (2003), Global Experience Curves for Wind Farms, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University. Knight, S. (2001), "German Offshore Plans in Costs Trap", Windpower Monthly, September 2001. Neij, L. (1997), "Use of Experience Curves to Analyse the Prospects for Diffusion and Adoption of Renewable Energy Technology", Energy Policy, November 1997. Neij, L. (1999), "Cost Dynamics of Wind Power", Energy, May 1999. Neij, L. (2003), - Experience curves - A Tool for Energy Technology Programmes Assessment, draft final report, Lund: EXTOOL. de Noord, M. (1999) , Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy, Petten: ECN. NREL / IEA (2000), IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 1999, NREL BR-500- 27988, Golden: NREL. Rasmussen, F. and Petersen, J.T. (1999), A Soft Rotor Concept - Design, Verification and Potentials, European Wind Energy Conference, Nice, March 1999. Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER (2002), Wind Energy Barometer, Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER, no 147, February 2002. Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER (2003), Wind Energy Barometer, Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER, no 153, February 2003. Troen, I. and Petersen, E. (1989), The European Wind Atlas, Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory. SOURCES AND FURTHER READING X
WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse office (downloads 2002): http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/index.html BP Solar: http://www.bpsolar.com Czisch G.; Folien, Daten und Veröffentlichungen über regenerative Energien; Internetveröffentlichung; 1999 - 2003: http://www.iset.uni-kassel.de/abt/w3-w/folien/Allgemein/ Czisch G.; Global Renewable Energy Potential - Approaches to its Use; Presentation held in Magdeburg, Germany, September 2001 Veröffentlichung im Internet; 2001: http://www.iset.uni-kassel.de/abt/w3-w/folien/magdeb030901/ DLR: http://www.dlr.de DOE / EERE on the U.S. biopower (program) (downloads 2002): http://www.eere.energy.gov/biopower/main.html DOE / EREN on the U.S. geothermal (program) (downloads 2002): http://www.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/ Enermodal: http://www.enermodal.com ENSAM: http://www.bordeaux.ensam.fr European Commission (2002), Scientific and Technological References Energy Technology Indicators - Sector: Photovoltaics, version 14, http://www.cordis.lu/eesd/src/indicators.htm European Commission ATLAS project (1997, downloads 2003): http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/atlas/htmlu/renewables.html European Commission site on Energy Research: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/index_en.html European Deep Geothermal Energy Programme: http://www.soultz.net European Small Hydropower Association, ESHA: http://profesionales.iies.es/minas/celpenc/ukindex.htm EUROtrough: http://www.eurotrough.com GEF: http://www.gefweb.org Green Hydro, http://www.greenhydro.ch WEBSITES 187
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
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8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
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10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
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Technology and Technological Develo
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Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Int
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Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
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Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
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generation. Better power quality re
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per kWh from plants with proven con
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28 Renewables for Power Generation
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30 ● basic features: characterist
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32 The natural factors which affect
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34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
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36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
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Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
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Electricity generation cost in USD
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● Market Installed capacity [MW]
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44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
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Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
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48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
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50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
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to the alternating current (AC) req
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from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
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companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
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sells customised module manufacturi
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germane, and toxic metals like cadm
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Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
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Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
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This is seen most often in Japan, a
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System DC/AC unit costs (individual
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issue as production levels increase
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chemistry. Such developments - ulti
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78 delivered to the receiver. The r
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80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
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Electricity generation cost USD cen
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84 An example of a CSP industry is
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86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
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88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
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90 innovations have influenced all
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92 receiver technology is entering
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94 energy storage) and higher solar
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96 but solar-field maintenance cost
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98 Further cost reductions will be
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100 Global Renewable Energy Resourc
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BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
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transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
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● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
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Gross electricty generation in GWh
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Specific investement costs in € p
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Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
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€/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
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coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
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Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
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GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
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eached relatively shallow depths (5
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Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
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An example of a large scale power p
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● Industry The international geot
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Cumulative global geothermal power
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Page 139 and 140: The following are areas where R&D c
Page 141 and 142: ● Market Opportunities Market Pot
Page 143 and 144: the simplest form of local distribu
Page 145 and 146: Based on country update papers for
Page 147: Power Generation Technology Combine
Page 150 and 151: 148 Commercial and technological de
Page 152 and 153: 150 Table 45 Average Investment Cos
Page 154 and 155: 152 Generation Costs Generating cap
Page 156 and 157: 154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
Page 158 and 159: 156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
Page 160 and 161: 158 On the positive side, no direct
Page 162 and 163: DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
Page 164 and 165: Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
Page 166 and 167: 164 before the intermittent nature
Page 168 and 169: 166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
Page 170 and 171: 168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
Page 172 and 173: 170 Internationally accepted requir
Page 174 and 175: 172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
Page 177 and 178: SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
Page 179 and 180: European Commission (1997), Energy
Page 181 and 182: Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 183 and 184: Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial
Page 185 and 186: Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187: CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
Page 191: RETScreen International: http://www
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