Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

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176 MhyLab (1998), Hydroscoop Bulletin d’information, June 1998. Penche, C. (1998), Status of R&D Programmes in Civil Engineering and Environment, Madrid, ESHA. Pierrat, L. (1998), Technical Discussion: Electrical, Control, Monitoring, and Governing for Small Hydro, Grenoble: Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble. Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER (1999), Hydroelectricity Barometre - Energy in Rushing Water, Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER, no 132, 1999. Voogt, M.H. et al. (2001), Renewable Energy Burden Sharing (REBUS) - Effects of Burden Sharing and Certificate Trade on the Renewable Electricity Market in Europe, Amsterdam: ECN. World Energy Council (1996), New Renewable Energy Resources: A Guide to the Future, London: WEC. Chapter 3 – Solar Photovoltaic Power Bossert, R.H. et al. (2000), Thin-Film Solar Cells - Technology Evaluation and Perspectives, NOVEM, Sittard, 2000. Bruton, T.M. (1996), Multi-Megawatt Up-Scaling of Silicon and Thin-Film Solar Cell and Module Manufacturing (MUSIC FM), European Commission, APAS RENA CT94 0008. DOE / Gielecki M. et al. (2000), Incentives, Markets, and Governmental Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy, Washington: DOE / EIA. DOE/Holihan P. (2001), "Technology, Manufacturing, and Market Trends in the U.S. and International PV Industry", Renewable Energy 2000 - Issues and Trends, Washington: DOE/EIA. EPIA (2001), Solar Electricity in 2010, Executive Summary, Brussels: EPIA. EPIA and Greenpeace (2001), Solar Electricity for over 1 Billion People and 2 Million Jobs by 2020, SolarGeneration, Brussels and Amsterdam, 2001. EPRI and DOE (1997), Renewable Energy Technology Characterization, Palo Alto and Washington. SOURCES AND FURTHER READING X
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
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8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
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10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
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Technology and Technological Develo
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Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Int
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Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
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Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
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generation. Better power quality re
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per kWh from plants with proven con
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28 Renewables for Power Generation
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30 ● basic features: characterist
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32 The natural factors which affect
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34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
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36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
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Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
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Electricity generation cost in USD
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● Market Installed capacity [MW]
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44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
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Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
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48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
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50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
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to the alternating current (AC) req
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from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
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companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
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sells customised module manufacturi
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germane, and toxic metals like cadm
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Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
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Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
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This is seen most often in Japan, a
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System DC/AC unit costs (individual
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issue as production levels increase
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chemistry. Such developments - ulti
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78 delivered to the receiver. The r
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80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
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Electricity generation cost USD cen
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84 An example of a CSP industry is
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86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
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88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
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90 innovations have influenced all
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92 receiver technology is entering
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94 energy storage) and higher solar
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96 but solar-field maintenance cost
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98 Further cost reductions will be
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100 Global Renewable Energy Resourc
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BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
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transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
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● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
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Gross electricty generation in GWh
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Specific investement costs in € p
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Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
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€/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
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coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
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Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
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GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
Page 127 and 128: eached relatively shallow depths (5
Page 129 and 130: Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
Page 131 and 132: An example of a large scale power p
Page 133 and 134: ● Industry The international geot
Page 135 and 136: Cumulative global geothermal power
Page 137 and 138: Wastewater: Discharge of wastewater
Page 139 and 140: The following are areas where R&D c
Page 141 and 142: ● Market Opportunities Market Pot
Page 143 and 144: the simplest form of local distribu
Page 145 and 146: Based on country update papers for
Page 147: Power Generation Technology Combine
Page 150 and 151: 148 Commercial and technological de
Page 152 and 153: 150 Table 45 Average Investment Cos
Page 154 and 155: 152 Generation Costs Generating cap
Page 156 and 157: 154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
Page 158 and 159: 156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
Page 160 and 161: 158 On the positive side, no direct
Page 162 and 163: DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
Page 164 and 165: Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
Page 166 and 167: 164 before the intermittent nature
Page 168 and 169: 166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
Page 170 and 171: 168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
Page 172 and 173: 170 Internationally accepted requir
Page 174 and 175: 172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
Page 177: SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
Page 181 and 182: Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 183 and 184: Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial
Page 185 and 186: Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187 and 188: CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
Page 189 and 190: WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse offi
Page 191: RETScreen International: http://www
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