Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

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Price per Wp USD 1999 10 5 0 16 But, if correctly applied and interpreted, the experience curve helps to identify crucial elements behind and beyond the simple relationships it describes. Furthermore, based on assumptions about market growth, cost reduction can be estimated in specific time-frames. In general, three scales of potential global cost reduction can be identified for renewable electricity technologies. Figure 2 Illustrations of Technology Development Wind power 1985: 20 kW Photovoltaics 100 - 200 new concepts a-Si nanocrystalline Dye-cell 1990: 170 kW 200 - 500 thin film CTS CIS 1995: 473 kW multi-Si EFG mc 5 10 15 50 100 150 1999: 919 kW mono-Si n + pp + 2002: 1395 kW 500 - 700 700 - 1500 Sources: NET Ltd. Switzerland, based on raw data from Durstewitz (1999), Systèmes Solaires/EurObserv’ER (2003); and Hoffmann / RWE Schott Solar GmbH. 20 Price per area Technology Efficiency per area [W/m 2] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY X
Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Intervention in Renewable Energy Technologies Opportunities for improvement of technical and economic performance Cost reduction through R&D Performance increase Economy of scale I (components size) Economy of scale II (manufacturing volume) Economy of scale III (plant size) Economy from market system Source: NET Ltd. Switzerland EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Basic Applied Market Sustained research research introduction market Development of new components and system integration allowing for the same service less expensively Development of improved components and system integration allowing for more efficient service Development of new designs, processes and materials for increased size of components Development of new "scalable" manufacturing processes Synergies through exchange of knowhow and skills as well as use of common infrastructure Optimisation of components and system integration, providing the same service less expensively Optimisation of components and system integration providing more efficient service Optimisation of new designs, processes and materials for increased size of components Optimisation of new or improved "scalable" manufacturing processes Optimisation of components relevant for upscaling power production plants Synergies through exchange of knowhow and skills as well as use of common infrastructure Implementation of components and system integration Implementation of new designs, processes and materials for increased size of components Building the improved manufacturing platform to increase thru-put Implementation of components relevant for upscaling power production plants Improvements from pilot demonstrations 17 Extension of more efficient service Up-scaling manufacturing platform to increase thru-put Up-scaling power production plants in order to increase plant efficiencies Improvements from consumer and supplier feedback
Page 1: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
Page 4 and 5: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
Page 10 and 11: 8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
Page 12 and 13: 10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
Page 17: Technology and Technological Develo
Page 21 and 22: Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
Page 25 and 26: generation. Better power quality re
Page 27: per kWh from plants with proven con
Page 30 and 31: 28 Renewables for Power Generation
Page 32 and 33: 30 ● basic features: characterist
Page 34 and 35: 32 The natural factors which affect
Page 36 and 37: 34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
Page 38 and 39: 36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
Page 40 and 41: Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
Page 42 and 43: Electricity generation cost in USD
Page 44 and 45: ● Market Installed capacity [MW]
Page 46 and 47: 44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
Page 48 and 49: Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
Page 50 and 51: 48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
Page 52 and 53: 50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
Page 55 and 56: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
Page 57 and 58: to the alternating current (AC) req
Page 59 and 60: from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
Page 61 and 62: companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
Page 63 and 64: sells customised module manufacturi
Page 65 and 66: germane, and toxic metals like cadm
Page 67 and 68: Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
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Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
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This is seen most often in Japan, a
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System DC/AC unit costs (individual
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issue as production levels increase
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chemistry. Such developments - ulti
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78 delivered to the receiver. The r
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80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
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Electricity generation cost USD cen
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84 An example of a CSP industry is
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86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
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88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
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90 innovations have influenced all
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92 receiver technology is entering
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94 energy storage) and higher solar
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96 but solar-field maintenance cost
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98 Further cost reductions will be
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100 Global Renewable Energy Resourc
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BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
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transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
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● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
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Gross electricty generation in GWh
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Specific investement costs in € p
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Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
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€/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
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coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
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Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
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GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
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eached relatively shallow depths (5
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Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
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An example of a large scale power p
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● Industry The international geot
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Cumulative global geothermal power
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Wastewater: Discharge of wastewater
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The following are areas where R&D c
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● Market Opportunities Market Pot
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the simplest form of local distribu
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Based on country update papers for
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Power Generation Technology Combine
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148 Commercial and technological de
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150 Table 45 Average Investment Cos
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152 Generation Costs Generating cap
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154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
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156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
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158 On the positive side, no direct
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DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
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Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
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164 before the intermittent nature
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166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
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168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
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170 Internationally accepted requir
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172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
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SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
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European Commission (1997), Energy
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Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 183 and 184:
Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial
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Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187 and 188:
CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
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WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse offi
Page 191:
RETScreen International: http://www
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Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

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