Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

More documents

Recommendations

Info

150 Table 45 Average Investment Costs of an On-land Wind Turbine (600 kW) € 2000 /kW Machine frame, including ring 52.7 Blades 123.8 Hub, including main shaft 56.3 Gear, including clutch 156.0 Generator/controller 85.0 Tower, including painting 112.5 Hydraulics, including hoses 22.5 Yaw gear 16.9 Nacelle cover 32.2 Insulation/cables, etc. 26.0 Estimated assembly cost 22.5 Total machine cost 715 Civil engineering infrastructure and grid connection 185 Total investment cost 900 Source: DRKW. Investment costs differ considerably between on-land and offshore applications in both relative and absolute terms. For offshore installations, the foundation amounts to one-third (or more) of turbine costs. Typical turnkey installation costs are now in the range of USD 1,100–2,000 per kW for offshore wind turbines and farms, i.e. 35% to 100% higher than for on-land installations. The investment costs for the Middelgrunden offshore wind farm in Denmark (see Table 46) were € 1,233 per kW, but costs are often higher due to construction and interconnection issues. The relative investment costs for offshore and onland wind turbines also differ. For on-land, turbines account for 75-80% of the total investment, with the remaining 20% to 25% related to civil engineering, infrastructure and grid connection. In the case of the Middelgrunden wind farm, turbines accounted for 55% of the total investment, and foundations accounted for 19%. WIND POWER X7
Costs in € 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Table 46 Investment Costs of Middelgrunden Offshore Wind Farm Component M€ €/kW % Turbines 27.0 675 55 Foundations 9.5 238 19 Internal grid 4.6 115 9 External grid 4.1 103 8.5 Others 4.1 103 8.5 Total 49.3 1,234 100 Source: CADDETre. Turbine size is a key factor. A size effect can easily be detected in the 100-kW turbine class. In the MW class, no clear trend exists due to, among other factors, the higher development costs for new and better turbines that can yield higher electrical output in specific applications (see Figure 54). 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Investment cost in €/kW Generation cost in €/MWh Turbine size in kW Note: Based on list prices of turbines, excluding installation/project costs, divided by their annual electricity output; average wind speed 5.5 m/s at hub height of 30 m. Sources: Junginger, based on data from BWE. 7 Figure 54 Average Costs of Wind Turbines in Germany, 2001 WIND POWER 151
Page 1:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY RENEWAB
Page 4 and 5:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue
Page 7:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication d
Page 10 and 11:
8 Prospects for Wind Power 158 Issu
Page 12 and 13:
10 4. Turbine Efficiency Over Time
Page 15 and 16:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewables are th
Page 17 and 18:
Technology and Technological Develo
Page 19 and 20:
Table 1 Focal Points for Policy Int
Page 21 and 22:
Table 2 Ranges of Investment and Ge
Page 23 and 24:
Table 3 Current and Forecast Instal
Page 25 and 26:
generation. Better power quality re
Page 27:
per kWh from plants with proven con
Page 30 and 31:
28 Renewables for Power Generation
Page 32 and 33:
30 ● basic features: characterist
Page 34 and 35:
32 The natural factors which affect
Page 36 and 37:
34 Figure 5 Francis Turbine Source:
Page 38 and 39:
36 ● Costs Investment costs for S
Page 40 and 41:
Installation costs [€/kW] 10000 8
Page 42 and 43:
Electricity generation cost in USD
Page 44 and 45:
● Market Installed capacity [MW]
Page 46 and 47:
44 Nevertheless, hydropower project
Page 48 and 49:
Worldwide hydro production [TWh/yr]
Page 50 and 51:
48 Table 5 Key Factors for SHP Pote
Page 52 and 53:
50 Materials Low-cost materials lik
Page 55 and 56:
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER A Brief Hi
Page 57 and 58:
to the alternating current (AC) req
Page 59 and 60:
from USD 10 to 18 per W. Off-grid s
Page 61 and 62:
companies like Sharp, Kyocera and S
Page 63 and 64:
sells customised module manufacturi
Page 65 and 66:
germane, and toxic metals like cadm
Page 67 and 68:
Efficiency [%] 20 15 10 5 0 R&D is
Page 69 and 70:
Generation costs in €/kWh 1.1 1 0
Page 71 and 72:
This is seen most often in Japan, a
Page 73 and 74:
System DC/AC unit costs (individual
Page 75 and 76:
issue as production levels increase
Page 77:
chemistry. Such developments - ulti
Page 80 and 81:
78 delivered to the receiver. The r
Page 82 and 83:
80 ● Thermal Storage Like hybridi
Page 84 and 85:
Electricity generation cost USD cen
Page 86 and 87:
84 An example of a CSP industry is
Page 88 and 89:
86 If CSP plants are hybridised wit
Page 90 and 91:
88 reduces the capital cost by 12-1
Page 92 and 93:
90 innovations have influenced all
Page 94 and 95:
92 receiver technology is entering
Page 96 and 97:
94 energy storage) and higher solar
Page 98 and 99:
96 but solar-field maintenance cost
Page 100 and 101:
98 Further cost reductions will be
Page 102 and 103: 100 Global Renewable Energy Resourc
Page 105 and 106: BIOPOWER A Brief History of Biopowe
Page 107 and 108: transport, emissions, etc.) of fast
Page 109 and 110: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 38 T
Page 111 and 112: ● Swedish forestry harvesting sys
Page 113 and 114: Gross electricty generation in GWh
Page 115 and 116: Specific investement costs in € p
Page 117 and 118: Table 30 Generation Costs for 2-MW
Page 119 and 120: €/MWh 16 12 8 4 0 for reductions
Page 121 and 122: coal at the inlet to the mill, b) f
Page 123 and 124: Table 33 Cost Reduction Opportuniti
Page 125 and 126: GEOTHERMAL POWER A Brief History of
Page 127 and 128: eached relatively shallow depths (5
Page 129 and 130: Capital cost in 1993 USD per kW 300
Page 131 and 132: An example of a large scale power p
Page 133 and 134: ● Industry The international geot
Page 135 and 136: Cumulative global geothermal power
Page 137 and 138: Wastewater: Discharge of wastewater
Page 139 and 140: The following are areas where R&D c
Page 141 and 142: ● Market Opportunities Market Pot
Page 143 and 144: the simplest form of local distribu
Page 145 and 146: Based on country update papers for
Page 147: Power Generation Technology Combine
Page 150 and 151: 148 Commercial and technological de
Page 154 and 155: 152 Generation Costs Generating cap
Page 156 and 157: 154 Table 47 Top Ten Suppliers, 200
Page 158 and 159: 156 Table 49 Installed Capacity (in
Page 160 and 161: 158 On the positive side, no direct
Page 162 and 163: DKK (1999)/kWh/Year Productivity 3
Page 164 and 165: Productivity in kWh per m 2 per yea
Page 166 and 167: 164 before the intermittent nature
Page 168 and 169: 166 The 2 to 3 MW power class will
Page 170 and 171: 168 Grid Integration and Intermitte
Page 172 and 173: 170 Internationally accepted requir
Page 174 and 175: 172 EPRI: Electrical Power Research
Page 177 and 178: SOURCES AND FURTHER READING Chapter
Page 179 and 180: European Commission (1997), Energy
Page 181 and 182: Sellers, R. (1996), PV Diffusion Re
Page 183 and 184: Morse, F. H. (2000), The Commercial
Page 185 and 186: Veringa, H. (2001), Biomass Paper,
Page 187 and 188: CADDET (2001), Renewable Energy New
Page 189 and 190: WEBSITES Australian Greenhouse offi
Page 191: RETScreen International: http://www
show all

Technology Status - NET Nowak Energie & Technologie AG

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?