Hall marks on gold & silver plate

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140 HALL MARKS ON PLATE, Indian and Colonial Mints, both their preparation and verification are matters of the highest importance." W. C. Roberts, Esq., Chemist of the Mint, in his report for the year 1873, has given in a tabular form a statement of the results of assays which he had made to ascertain the composition of the ancient trial plates, with some re<strong>marks</strong> as to their history. The earliest gold trial plate of which there is any record was made in 17 Edward IV, 1477. Its fineness is 23 karats 3^ grains, and i only a karat alloy, which was principally silver. When gold coins were first introduced into England by Henry III, in 1257, they were 24 karats fine; that is, pure gold. Edward III, in 1345, was the first to use the standard of this plate. The next is of 22 karats, issued by Henry VIII. A trial plate of 1553 of 23 karats io| grains bears the following inscription : STAN . PRYVE . MARKE OF . XXIII . KARE . 4>. It has no date, but the " X pry . GRE . ve marke " DEMI . FYNE (a pome- granate) is the same as that borne by the sovereigns and angels issued by Mary in this year. There are three of Elizabeth of 22 karats and 23 karats 3^ grains; one of James I, 1605, of 23 karats 3| grains; the first year of the Commonwealth, 1649, 22 karats; Charles II, 1660, of 22 karats. Since this date 22 karats has continued standard. The other trial plates are of 1688, 1707, 1728 and 1829, and the new trial plates made in 1873, one of 22 karats, the other of pure gold. Silver trial pieces of the same dates are preserved, which, with two exceptions as " standards for Ireland " much debased, were of the present standard, 11 oz. 2 dwts. These trial plates are in charge of the Warden of the Standards at the Royal Mint. " Mr. Roberts : says It is evident that, although the standards of fineness were always prescribed by law, the trial plates have nevertheless at times been very inaccurate. The imperfections of the gold plates are mainly due to sources of error, which had been recognised, but which were ignored when the last plates were made ; and it is well to explain, therefore, that plates were in former times authoritatively pronounced to be 'standard' simply with reference to the results of an inaccurate process of assay. The process now consists in submitting an accurately weighed portion of the alloy to a rapid method of chemical analysis, whereby impurities are eliminated, and the precious metal, thus purified, is again weighed; but the method is complicated, and the accuracy of the result may be affected by the retention of impurities, or by an actual loss of metal during the process. The weight of gold as indicated by the balance will, in consequence, not represent the amount originally present in the alloy, and it is therefore necessary to control the 'standards' or check pieces, the composition of which is known. As, however, any error in the composition of these checks will be reflected in the result of the assay, it is preferable to use pieces of pure metal corresponding in weight to the amount which the alloys to be tested are anticipated to contain. Formerly such checks of pure metal were not employed, and a small amount of silver, varying from To^uo^h to xoTJO^h part of the initial weight of the assay piece which
AMOUNT OF PLATE ASSAYED 141 remained in association with the gold was consequently reckoned as gold in the assay report. It follows, therefore, that even the more recent plates, when accurately assayed, are usually found to be sensibly below the exact standards which they were intended to represent." The amount of gold and silver plate assayed and marked at the Assay Offices for seven years ending May 29, 1 872 : London . Chester . Exeter . Newcastle Gold, 3926 lbs. 2 oz. 8 dwts. 8 grs. Silver, 692,528 lbs. 3 oz. 11 dwts. Total, 715 lbs. weight of silver plate. Total, 2800 lbs. weight of silver plate. Total, 7266 lbs. weight of silver plate.
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f; M M : K ^/t:k-,/' > -iALL- Marks
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CA
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Mr. WilliaiD Chaffers' Works Chaffe
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HALL MARKS ON GOLD & SILVER PLATE I
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Opus quale sit, ignis probabit." 1
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PREFACE TO TENTH EDITION. vii Many
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PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION. ix J. H.
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PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION. xi supply
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XIV HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Extracts f
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XVI HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Ireland. c
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INTRODUCTION. " Money spent in the
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INTRODUCTION. xxi well-known bas-re
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INTRODUCTION. xxiii trace of the ol
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INTRODUCTION. xxv fyll a varyaunce
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INTRODUCTION. xxvii Coventry were e
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INTRODUCTION. xxix Again, at the Co
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INTRODUCTION. xxxi was restored in
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INTRODUCTION. xxxiii Type F. circa
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INTRODUCTION. xxxv double roses and
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INTRODUCTION. xxxvJi The bowl of th
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INTRODUCTION. xxxix CHRISTENING BOW
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INTRODUCTION. xli dove on a cross a
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INTRODUCTION. xliii jurisdiction, b
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INTRODUCTION. xlv Another of Sir A.
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Silver Gilt Standing Cup. Date i6og
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xlviii INTRODUCTION. " This Cupp wa
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1 INTRODUCTION. in. 1525-6, was giv
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li INTRODUCTION. arabesque work rou
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liv INTRODUCTION. ^^ Staniintg Salt
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Ivi INTRODUCTION. Other examples ha
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Iviii INTRODUCTION. A candlestick a
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ENGLISH GOLD AND SILVER SMITHS.
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2 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. but Dunstan
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4 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. A.D. 849-901
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6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. works in the
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8 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. justices ass
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10 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Nicholas de
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12 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Hessey, gol
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14 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1403. The f
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i6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1452. Sir H
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1 8 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. ally allow
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20 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1509. Pielr
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22 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. at the sign
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24 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. fifthly, to
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26 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. In the Gold
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28 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1588-9 and
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30 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1600. Dame
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32 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. William Jac
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34 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. i(i^o. Robe
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36 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. much as ^^2
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38 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. credit, as
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40 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1670. Josep
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42 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. John Mawson
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44 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. London upon
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46 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1690. Georg
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48 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. in 1722, an
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50 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1701. In 17
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52 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 2 dwt., wou
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54 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. short inter
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56 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. that the fa
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58 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1747. Sir W
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(X) HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1780. Riin
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62 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. ISH Crowned
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m^ JKarks on Plate AND TAXATION OF
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66 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 1696. 8 and
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0):tracts from Statutes, rlitranrts
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70 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. GOLDSMITHS'
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72 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. In 1359 one
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74 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. EXPORTS FOR
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6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. merit. (3) A
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;8 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. silver, of
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8o HALL MARKS ON PLATE. " II. Nor t
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82 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. all which F
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84 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. who exercis
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86 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. or more tha
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88 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. first two l
Page 162 and 163: 90 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Sect. 4. Th
Page 164 and 165: 92 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. watch cases
Page 166 and 167: 94 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Plate shall
Page 168 and 169: 96 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Small or Sl
Page 170 and 171: 9S HALL MARKS ON PLATE. two ounces
Page 172 and 173: 100 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. By the sam
Page 174 and 175: 102 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. of Great B
Page 176 and 177: 104 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. changed, o
Page 178 and 179: io6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. REDUCED ST
Page 180 and 181: io8 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. A.D. i8;o.
Page 182 and 183: HO HALL MARKS ON PLATE. A.D. 1876.
Page 184 and 185: 112 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. your Commi
Page 186 and 187: 114 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. That Parli
Page 188 and 189: ii6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. was wrough
Page 190 and 191: QTijt Stauiiarif. The English sterl
Page 192 and 193: 120 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The value
Page 194 and 195: DATK. 122 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Tabl
Page 196 and 197: 124 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Mr. Freema
Page 198 and 199: 126 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. its French
Page 200 and 201: 128 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. 'The Imper
Page 202 and 203: no HALL MARKS ON PLATE. ounce troy
Page 204 and 205: 132 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The assay
Page 206 and 207: 134 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. sorts of f
Page 208 and 209: 136 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Assayers'
Page 210 and 211: 138 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. ;63,826 7s
Page 214 and 215: CJjt lilts- A.D. 17 19. 6 George I.
Page 216 and 217: 144 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. ished, but
Page 218 and 219: 146 00 pi w K*^ 00 K < o ^ ^ a: P5S
Page 220 and 221: 148 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. EXTRACT FR
Page 222 and 223: I50 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The oath t
Page 224 and 225: 152 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. of manufac
Page 226 and 227: 154 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. and rules
Page 228 and 229: 156 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. it must no
Page 230 and 231: 158 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. " The Gold
Page 232 and 233: i6o HALL MARKS ON PLATE. limit were
Page 235 and 236: TABLE OF MARKS.
Page 237 and 238: Table of Marks used in 1701-2 at th
Page 239 and 240: 0nglauir, By far the most important
Page 241 and 242: shield. THE LEOPARD'S HEAD. 169 Aft
Page 243 and 244: lliE STANDARD MARK. 171 Cycles 14 a
Page 245 and 246: DUTY MARK 173 In 1896 a new form of
Page 247: MARK FOR FOREIGN PLATE. 1/5 Under t
Page 251 and 252: CYCLE 1. LOMBABDIC EDWARD IV., RICH
Page 253 and 254: FOTJE Marks. 1. Lropard's Hcnd. cr.
Page 255 and 256: CYCLE 2 0. LONDON ASSAY OFFICE LETT
Page 257 and 258: BATE. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 183 cuspc
Page 259 and 260: CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 187 Cycle IV. M
Page 261 and 262: CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 189 1571. 0. 57
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 191 1594. R. 57
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 193 1616. T. Di
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 195 1648. L. Sp
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 197 1683. f. 58
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 199 17 1 3. S.
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 201 1743. h. 59
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i;;2 1772 1772 ^773 U73 1774 1774 1
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LONDON GOLD AND SILVER SMITHS.
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208 MAKER'S MARK. W above curved li
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2IO HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKER S MA
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212 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. maker's -M
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214 MAKEU S MAKK. R P separated by
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2l6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKER S MA
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2i; HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKER S MA
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220 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKER'S MA
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222 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKER S MA
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224 MAKER S MA15K. G G a column bet
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228 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. makeb's ma
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230 MAKER S MARK. T H above star. I
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232 maker's mark. Capital letter S
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234 MAKER S MARK. M ill dotted circ
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2^6 MAKER S MARK. T I escallop shel
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238 MAKER S MARK. R I iji dotted ci
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240 MAKER S MA1!K. DATE. I 8 in mon
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242 MAKER S MARK. B O with mitre ab
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244 maker's mark. 1 N 1700 G O crow
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46 MAKEK S MABK. J a. in shaped shi
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248 MAKER S M.VHK. S L beneatli glo
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250 MAKER S MARK. DATE. PL crowned
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2'>2 MAKEK S MAKK. L O ill monogram
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'54 MAKER 8 MARK. P E in plain shie
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256 maker's mark. R B beneath annul
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2';8 maker's mask. R B script lette
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26o HALL MARKS ON PLATE. MAKEK S MA
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264 MAKER S 3VURK. I P FW beneath f
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268 HALL MARKS ON PLATE maker's, ma
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2/0 maker's MABK. HALL MARKS ON PLA
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PROVINCIAL ASSAY OFFICES.
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2/6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. BIRMINGHAM
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2/8 And for silver : HALL MARKS ON
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BIRMINGHAM ASSAY OFFICE LETTERS.
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CHESTER ASSAY OFFICE. 283 CHESTER.
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Chester Assay Office. Old Copper Pl
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286 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Chester wa
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CYCLE 1. Black Lkttkr Capitals. CHA
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290 CYCLE 11. Roman Capitals. (3 m
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292 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. we may wit
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294 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. A brown mo
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296 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. May 8, 170
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EXETER ASSAY OFFICE LETTERS.
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304 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Split head
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3o6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. erville. H
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310 (D HALL MARKS ON PLATE. EXAMPLE
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312 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. burgesses
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314 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. able, and
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3i6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The assay
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m I ra SHEFFIELD ASSAY OFFICE LETTE
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YORK. 321 of the maker, a half rose
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Scotlautr. EXTRACTS FROM STATUTES A
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SCOTLAND. 325 to melt any gold or s
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SCOTLAND. 327 SALE OF PLATE PROHIBI
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VIZ. : SCOTLAND. 329 GOLD AND SILVE
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EDINBURGH. 331 III. THE DATE MARK.
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EDINBURGH ASSAY OFFICE LETTERS.
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EDINBURGH. 337 The preceding Table
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EDINBURGH MARKS. 339 i^^ K^DI S HG
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ell. GLASGOW. 341 2. The Ha
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GLASGOW ASSAY OFFICE LETTERS.
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346 mm (#) M iMgfOl 7M] fs HALL MAR
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3^8 iBAl [IAI H rBANFl (D( mm(i) m
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350 ai^si m HALL MARKS ON PLATE. EX
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352 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. "Burke's G
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354 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. DUTY IMPOS
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356 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. FOREIGN PL
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358 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The maker'
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36o HALL MARKS ON PLATE. III. THE D
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362 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. The assay
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CYCLE 5. Black Litter Capitals. DUB
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DUBLIN MARKS. 367 EXAMPLES. Two Tan
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LIST OF IRISH PLATE. 369 DATE. MAKE
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DATE. LIST OF IRISH PLATE. 371
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374 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. AUTHORITIE
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3;6 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. CRIPPS, W.
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3;8 Gardner, J. Starkie. HALL MARKS
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38o HALL MARKS ON PLATE. LUTHMER, F
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382 HALL MARKS ON PLATE. Redman, W.
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A, mark, 209, 218, 228, 237. A B ma
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Cameron, , goldsmith, 348. Campbell
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Fox, J., goldsmith, 28. , M., golds
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L, mark, 269. LA, mark, 244-6, 252,
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Reade, Sir B., goldsmith, 19. , J.,
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AVard, J., goldsmith, 242. , R., go
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Thirteenth Edition, entirely re-set
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4 Handsome Library Edition. 4 Vols.
Page 478 and 479:
MR. WILLIAM CHAFFERS' WORKS. ChafiE
Page 480:
8 Investigation into the Cause o! t
Page 484:
if { 'r^^-T^
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