Hall marks on gold & silver plate

ENGLISH GOLDSMITHS. 5
Wolvinus, who made the Paliotto of Milan, in 835, some confusion
has arisen.
1 100. Leofstane, goldsmith, flourished in the reign of Henry I.
He was made, by the King, Provost of London, a title antecedent to
that of Mayor.
mo. The celebrated Gloucester candlestick, preserved in the
South Kensington Museum, must be noticed as an example of English
monkish workmanship, made at Gloucester, a fine example of
the transition period between the Romanesque, or Celtic, and the
Gothic. It is of alloyed silver, and has a straight stem, with three
bosses, and interlaced bands, knots, and pierced foliage supporting
men, monsters, dragons, birds, etc., on a tripod of dragons' claws.
It bears several Latin inscriptions, one of which records its gift by
Abbot Peter of Gloucester to the Church of St. Peter, at Gloucester.
It is twenty-three inches high. These pricket candlesticks were frequently
of large size. The most complete example is the seven-
branched candlestick at Milan Cathedral, of gilt bronze, of about
the same date, above fourteen feet high.
1 1 30. Otto, the Younger, and William Fitz Otto were goldsmiths
in the reign of Henry I, and were severally engravers to the
Mint.
Twelfth century. Bnthnodus, Abbot of Ely, was a worker in
gold and silver. Four images made by him, covered with silver gilt
and precious stones, were stripped to appease the resentment of
William the Conqueror.
Twelfth century. Z ^6', a contemporary of Brithnodus, was by
him instructed in the goldsmith's art.
Twelfth century. Elsinus, his successor, made a reliquary for
the bones of St. Kindreda. The Abbey was able to offer William
the Conqueror a thousand <strong>marks</strong> by the sacrifice of gold and silver
ornaments, after the resistance made in the island by the Saxons.
Twelfth century. Baldwin, a goldsmith (probably a monk of
the Abbey of St. Albans), is mentioned by Matthew Paris as the
maker of a large cup of gold for Robert, Abbot of St. Albans,
"
which was adorned with flowers and foliages of the most delicate
workmanship, and set with precious stones in the most elegant manner."
His Latinised name was Bauduinus.
Twelfth century. Robert, Abbot of St. Albans, is noticed by
Mathew Paris as being a skilful goldsmith. He made two remarkable
reliquaries, covered with golden images, and other choice works
in gold and silver. He was a great promoter of the goldsmith's art,
and under his supervision many artistic and sumptuous objects were
fabricated.
Twelfth century. Ralph Flael, in the reign of Henry II, was a
goldsmith and Alderman of London he held in demesne the ward
;
of Aldersgate. He is mentioned in the amerciaments of the guilds
"
for being adulterine, that is, set up without special license. Gilda
aurifabrorum unde Radulfus Flael est Aldermanus."
Twelfth century. Anketil was a celebrated goldsmith. He
was a monk of St. Albans, and acquired such a reputation for his