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In order to explain this answer, let us point out that on the<br />

Round zodiac, just under this figure, there is another similar<br />

figure with a crescent on the head holding a scythe instead<br />

<strong>of</strong> a walking stick (see Figure 5.29). That figure is a part <strong>of</strong><br />

the partial horoscope for the autumn equinox, so the planetary<br />

walking stick is not a requirement in this case. Except<br />

for the object held in their hands, these two figures are completely<br />

identical, so they definitely indicate the same planet.<br />

Just from this connection one can deduct that this planet<br />

is probably Saturn, because it moves so slowly that during<br />

the whole year its position usually stays inside the same zodiac<br />

constellation. Consequently, the positions <strong>of</strong> Saturn in<br />

the main and the partial horoscopes coincide. However, we<br />

can definitely recognize Saturn in this figure, because it is<br />

well-known that the scythe was an attribute <strong>of</strong> Saturn in old<br />

astronomy. For example, there are many pictures in medieval<br />

astronomy books showing Saturn with a scythe (see Figure<br />

5.30).<br />

Figure 5.30: Saturn shown with a scythe on an old drawing<br />

found in a medieval astronomical book. (Taken from [32].)<br />

Consequently, this male figure with a crescent on the head<br />

should be considered as Saturn, what is noting new, because<br />

this identification was used by all the previous investigators <strong>of</strong><br />

the Egyptian <strong>zodiacs</strong>. But, based on our analysis and the fact<br />

that with this identification a complete solution is obtained,<br />

we can confirm its correctness.<br />

Notice that on the Athribis <strong>zodiacs</strong> Saturn is shown as a<br />

bird with a crescent on its head (see Figure 5.28 (AN) and<br />

(AB)), but coincidence is a result <strong>of</strong> our computations and<br />

not an a priori choice based on similarities. This identification<br />

appears to be the same as it was suggested by Flinders<br />

Petrie, but is different from the one chosen by N.A. Morozov<br />

11 . There is one more “recognizable” case <strong>of</strong> Saturn on<br />

Figure 5.28 (BR). Here Saturn can also be identified prior<br />

to the computations. As we’ve already mentioned, there are<br />

three main horoscopes on this zodiac: Demotic Horoscope,<br />

Horoscope without Walking Sticks and Horoscope in Boats.<br />

11 See [4], Vol. 6, pp. 731-738.<br />

5.4 Planetary Symbols <strong>of</strong> the Main Horoscope 93<br />

All the three representations <strong>of</strong> Saturn are shown on Figure<br />

5.28 (BR). In the Demotic Horoscope, the name <strong>of</strong> Saturn<br />

is written together with the name <strong>of</strong> Jupiter in two lines located<br />

near Leo’s head. H. Brugsch translated this inscription<br />

as “Hor-pe-seta” and “Hor-pe-ka”, which means “Saturn” and<br />

“Jupiter”. As the name <strong>of</strong> Saturn is simply inscribed in this<br />

horoscope, there is no problem with its identification.<br />

Regarding the Horoscope in Boats, it is not difficultto<br />

recognize here Saturn, because it is represented exactly by<br />

the same symbol as on the Denderah <strong>zodiacs</strong>: a male figure<br />

with an animal/bull-like head and a crescent on the top <strong>of</strong><br />

it holding a planetary walking stick in his hand (see Figure<br />

5.28 (BR)). The third horoscope on the Brugsch’s zodiac is<br />

the Horoscope without Walking Sticks (see Figure 2.15). On<br />

this horoscope the situation with Saturn is more complicated,<br />

therefore, on Figure 5.28 (BR) there is a question mark placed<br />

under the presumed figure <strong>of</strong> Saturn. As a matter <strong>of</strong> fact, it<br />

is unclear which <strong>of</strong> the four figures standing together in this<br />

horoscope symbolizes Saturn: the man, monkey, jackal or falcon<br />

(see Figure 5.31).<br />

Figure 5.31: Fragment <strong>of</strong> the Brugsch’s zodiac containing the<br />

Horoscope without Walking Sticks.<br />

The situation here is rather complicated. However, we are<br />

quite lucky here, because all the four figures are male and located<br />

together, which indicates that Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury<br />

and Mars are shown here together. As Venus is never symbolized<br />

by a male figure and the Sun and Moon usually on the<br />

Egyptian <strong>zodiacs</strong> are not shown as humans, the other three<br />

planets couldn’t be represented by these figures. So, from the<br />

point <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> the astronomical dating it is not so important<br />

to know exactly which one among these four figures is Saturn.<br />

Nevertheless, at the end <strong>of</strong> astronomical computations<br />

we were able to determine the correct order <strong>of</strong> these planes<br />

and obtained that the figure with jackal head is Saturn. We<br />

will discuss these computations and the results in Chapter 8.<br />

The fact that the Horoscope without Walking Sticks escaped<br />

the attention <strong>of</strong> the previous researchers wasn’t without<br />

a reason. The four symbols representing the “male” planets<br />

on this horoscope were very common in the Egyptian mum-

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