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172 7 The Dates Shown on the Monumental Zodiacs in the Denderah and Esna Temples Figure 7.25: The hieroglyphic inscription above the head of a planetary figure standing on Virgo’s spike. Album this figure is presented incorrectly. First of all, it is shifted away from Virgo’s spike (see Figure 2.33), and the hieroglyphic inscription above its head is distorted. Instead of the two hieroglyphs placed at the top, there was created a bended snake (see Figures 2.33 and 2.34 in Chapter 2). In conclusion, we obtain that in the partial horoscope of the autumn equinox we have: – Saturn — approximately located in the same place as in the main horoscope, i.e. in Virgo or in Libra, – Mercury — on Virgo’s spike, which means that it was very close to the star αVirgo — also called Spica, – Venus — in Leo. – One more planet, possibly the Sun, is shown as a bird in Virgo or in Leo (under the feet of the “additional” Virgo). Let us remark that in this location on the Round zodiac there is another small planetary figure belonging a partial horoscope. It is a human figure sitting on a chair over Leo, and holding a whip. As it has the same orientation as Gemini and other figures in the partial horoscope of the summer solstice, it could possibly belong to that partial horoscope. In our verification process we considered the both variants, but in the final solution it turned out that it belongs to the summer solstice partial horoscope and we will discuss it later in this section. [B] Partial Horoscope of the Winter Solstice: This partial horoscope was already discussed, as one of our examples in subsection 5.5.2, so we will present here only the final conclusions that we made there. In the partial horoscope of the winter solstice, on the Round Denderah zodiac, beside the minimal partial horoscope, which was incorporated into the figure of Sagittarius, there are three planets shown separately. One of them is probably the Sun, but two or even three other planets were also there. We definitely can recognize Mars and the other one was most probably Venus. [C] Partial Horoscope of the Spring Equinox: This partial horoscope depends on the variant of decoding of the main horoscope. Among two discs in Pisces, the one that doesn’t belong to the main horoscope (if it is the case) should be included in the partial horoscope of the spring equinox. We will describe the elements of this partial horoscope that were obtained from the decoding that led to the final solution. In this case, the disc with an eye inside represents the Sun in the main horoscope and the another one is not used in the main horoscope, thus, it belongs to the partial horoscope. Clearly, as it is the only element of this partial horoscope, it represents the Sun. Notice that this disc is relatively larger in size than other discs on the Round zodiac, what in some sense can be explain by the fact that the spring equinox was considered as a Festival of the Sun. Notice that this decoding is also supported by the fact that the partial horoscope of the spring equinox, which resulted from it, appears to be very similar to the spring equinox horoscope on the Long zodiac. The only difference is that the figure making an offering inside the disc on the Long zodiac was a male, and here, on the Round zodiac, it is a female. The meaning of this scene is that “Venus was making an offering to the Sun on the spring equinox day.” In other words, Venus was the most impressive planet around the Sun, so it was not far from the Sun and visible. [D] Partial Horoscope of the Summer Solstice: This partial horoscope consists of several figures, some of them located inside the zodiacal belt, and others being a part of the semi-circular procession of the partial horoscope figures, which surrounds from the bottom and left the zodiacal belt (see Figures 7.20 and 7.21). Let us list all these figures. Inside the zodiacal belt there are two such figures. The first one is a male figure holding two short sticks in his hand — one of them is T-shaped. This figure is located in between Gemini and Taurus. It has two feathers on its head. A figure with similar two feathers on its head represented “second” Mercury on the Long zodiac (see Figures 7.11 and 7.12). This type of head decoration is not very common on the Egyptian zodiacs, so it seems that these two figures should be related to the same planet. The second figure, which we already mentioned above, is a human figure sitting on a chair with a whip in a hand. It is located right above Leo. It has a high hat. The gender of this figure is difficult to identify. At this point we recognize two planets in this partial horoscope — the first one a male planet in Gemini or Taurus, probably Mercury (but other possibilities should not be excluded at this stage), and the second one — a male or female planet in Leo. Now we will list the five figures in the procession outside of the zodiacal belt. They are located in the demi-circle of
the partial horoscope processions (see Figure 7.22). Right under Gemini, is the center of the summer solstice procession — a column with a bird-sun sitting on it. This figure is already familiar to us (see section 5.8) and we can recognize it as a symbol of the summer solstice. It shows the Sun at its highest point on the sky, which is reached on the summer solstice day only. On the left from this figure, there is a laying bull on a boat, which is also a typical symbol associated with the summer solstice (see section 5.8). On the both sides this pair we see two figures representing planets in the partial horoscope. On the right, there is a male figure with a planetary walking stick. There is also a bird walking behind that figure. The man carries a whip on his shoulder. We recognize this symbol as a male planet located on the Taurus side from the Sun in Gemini, which could only be visible before the dawn on the solstice day. The exact location of this planet is not clear. We already observed that some planets in the demicircle of the partial horoscopes are not always related to the closest constellation in the zodiacal belt. In fact, the hole procession is assumed to be located around of the central constellation of this partial horoscope, which contains the corresponding solstice or equinox point. There are no connections between the figures in the procession and other constellations in the zodiacal belt. For example, in the autumn equinox procession there is a figure of lion. It symbolizes Leo in this procession, but it is placed under Libra, far away from the figure of Leo. From this picture we can only guess that a male planet appeared on the Taurus side from the Sun, but we can not be certain about it. On the other side from the summer solstice symbols, there is a woman shooting an arrow over the bull. This symbol appears on many Egyptian zodiacs (see section 5.8). It is most likely that it represents Venus on the summer solstice day. The meaning of this scene is unclear to us. Since this figure is located on the opposite side from the Sun, it indicates that Venus was observed on the evening twilight sky. In summary, we obtain the following information from this partial horoscope; In Gemini or in Taurus there was a male planet, probably Mercury. Another planet was in Leo, but we do not have any specific information about it. There was one more male planet. Probably it was on the Taurus side of the Sun (which was in Gemini), and its remarkable size suggests that it was well visible. This planet and Venus were on the opposite sides of the Sun. 7.4.4 Final Solution for the Round Zodiac: Morning of March 20, 1185 A.D. Step 3. In this step we validated all the preliminary dates for the Long zodiac obtained in Step 2. It was done manually using the program Turbo Sky written by A.V. Volynkin. In result, a full solution was found for only one variant of decoding for the Round zodiac, and it turned our to be unique. Let 7.4 Decoding the Date from the Round Denderah Zodiac 173 us present this final decoding that led to the full astronomical solution for the Round zodiac: --------------- INPUT DATA FOR HOROS --------------- ZODIAC: The Round Denderah (DL) DECODING VARIANT: Moon in Libra CODE OF THE DECODING VARIANT: DR9 LOCATIONS OF THE PLANETS IN THE MAIN HOROSCOPE: SUN -- in Pisces; Range: from the middle of Aquarius to the middle of Aries; Best Point: the middle of Pisces. MOON -- the disc in Libra; Range: from the middle of Virgo to the middle of Scorpio; Best Point: the middle of Libra. SATURN -- in Virgo or Libra; Range: Virgo and Libra; Best Point: the middle of Libra. JUPITER -- in Cancer or in Gemini; Range: Cancer and Gemini; Best Point: the middle of Cancer. MARS -- in Capricorn; Range: Capricorn; Best Point: the middle of Capricorn. VENUS -- in Pisces or in Aries; Range: Pisces and Aries; Best Point: the middle of Aries. MERCURY -- in Aquarius or in Pisces; Range: Aquarius and Pisces; Best Point: the boundary between Aries and Pisces. We admit 5 o tolerance for all the boundaries of the planetary ranges. ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC (in the direction of the increasing longitude): VENUS, JUPITER, SATURN, MOON, MARS, MERCURY, SUN -----------------------DATA------------------------- SUN MOON SATURN JUPITER MARS VENUS MERCURY # FROM: -------------------------------------------# 10.5 5.5 5.0 2.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 # TO: ---------------------------------------------# 0.5 7.5 7.0 4.0 10.0 1.0 12.0 # BEST POINTS: ------------------------------------# 11.5 6.5 5.5 3.5 9.5 0.5 11.0 --------------------END OF DATA--------------------- REMARK: The following constellation scale was used (see section 6.10): ARIESTAURGEMINICANCERLEOVIR LIBSCORPSAGITTCAPRICAQUAPISC ---------------------------------------------------- The unique solution that was obtained for this decoding was the morning on March 20, 1185 A.D. The mean distance from the best points for his solution was only 9 o , which is less than one third of the average length of a zodiacal constellation. It is a very good result with the planetary positions very close to the best points.
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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are given in contemporary literatur
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he conducted a mathematical and sta
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However, all these pecularities dis
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1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
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the identifications made by F. Pete
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VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
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The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
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−1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
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Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
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The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
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2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
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Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
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Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
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Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
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Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
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Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
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2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
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As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Figure 3.15: Brugsch’s zodiac wit
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Chapter 4 New Approach to Decoding
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Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
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Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
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4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
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Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
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Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
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Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
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Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
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Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
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5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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their huge work was made by N.A. Mo
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In order to explain this answer, le
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Figure 5.33: Egyptian “gods”
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of Mars during the first stage, and
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of Venus, as a lioness, is more com
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Figure 5.44: Planets on the Inner P
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Figure 5.48: The god Janus on a Rom
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Midnight Culminating Constellation
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
Page 131 and 132: Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
Page 133 and 134: the wings on each side (see Figure
Page 135 and 136: Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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Page 141 and 142: Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
Page 143 and 144: However, still it is possible to de
Page 145 and 146: In this way, the daily rotation of
Page 147 and 148: Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
Page 149 and 150: meaning of the ancient astronomical
Page 151 and 152: 6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
Page 153 and 154: (2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
Page 155 and 156: 6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
Page 157: Later, in the subsequent chapters,
Page 160 and 161: 7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
Page 162 and 163: 152 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 8 The Dates Shown on the Zo
Page 223 and 224: Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
Page 225 and 226: 8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
Page 227 and 228: Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
Page 229 and 230: scope, it would be a mistake to con
Page 231 and 232: we found out that the symbolism of
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• Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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points appear only in the fringe of
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8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
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8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
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The file containing the input data
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Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Let us look again at the figures st
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that all these three solutions are
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8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
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Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
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Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
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8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
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Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
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Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
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On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
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Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
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and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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(1) A figure of an eye with wings,
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5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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200 1.0 11.0 8.0 2.5 1.0 6.0 ------
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ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
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8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
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• SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on
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276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
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Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
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[173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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