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116 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zodiacs and New Complete Decoding falcon heads. As they are shown exactly in the same way, they should represent the same planet. But, as we have already justified it earlier, an Egyptian zodiac is in fact an astronomical symbolic message that was intended to be readable. Notice that one of these figures is located on the left of Aquarius and the another one is placed on its right, far away from the first one. There are many other figures between them (see Figure 5.62). As their positions are far apart, they represent the same planet but at two different dates! However, there is something distinct about the way they appear — one is simply walking while the another one is floating on a goose (see Figure 5.62). Figure 5.63: A fragment of the Small Esna zodiac showing several figures on snakes or boats On the Egyptian zodiacs one can find many examples of this kind. On almost every zodiac there are figures (planetary or not) standing or sitting on other objects. In the most cases, these objects are boats or snakes but sometimes they are other animals or things. As an another example we show on Figure 5.63 a fragment of the Small Esna zodiac (EM), where one can see several figures standing on boats or snakes. Our comparative analysis of the Egyptian zodiacs proved that all these “supporting” symbols of boats, snakes, geese, etc., have a definite astronomical meaning. Namely, they are the pull-out symbols applied to those figures on the zodiac that were displaced from its proper position on the zodiac (either in time or space). The use of the pull-out symbols was very common on Egyptian zodiacs. It was a smart method that allowed ancient artist and astronomers to put together on the same zodiac more than one horoscope displaying astronomical description of several related dates. The pull-out symbols applied to a planetary figure created a new meaning for it, making clear that it does not belong to the main horoscope. As all the partial horoscopes have fixed locations on the ecliptic, in practice there is no confusion between them either. Moreover, by applying the pull-out symbols, an Egyptian artist was able to design more freely the whole zodiac. For example, he was able to move some figures from the overcrowded areas on a zodiac to other places. For this purpose it was sufficient to use a pull-out symbol and assure that there are adequate indications of its proper location. For instance, on Figure 5.63 there is a symbol of the spring equinox, represented by two male figures holding hands. Notice two small lambs near them indicating that this configuration speaks about the spring equinox (if there were two lions instead of lambs, it would be an indication of the autumn equinox). Indeed, a lamb symbolizes Aries, which is the neighboring constellation for the spring equinox point, and a lion symbolizes Leo, which is the neighboring constellation to the autumn equinox. Notice that the actual location of this symbol of the spring equinox, which is in between Capricorn and Sagittarius, is not proper for it. However, the whole picture is still correct because of the usage of the pull-out symbol in a form of a snake. Let us recall that in the case of Egyptian zodiacs of the round type the pull-out symbols are limited to snakes or boats only. There are some exceptions, but only in special cases. 5.7 Signs of Visibility of Planets in the Main Horoscope When a planet, in its apparent motion around the ecliptic approaches the Sun, it loses its visibility. For example, it rises closer to the morning and finally it is only visible for a short time during the sunrise and disappears completely for several days. It reappears again on sunset and continue to be visible in the beginning of the night. A planet can also be visible for a short time following the sunset and gradually completely disappears from the sky for few days and then reappears at the dawn. In average, outer planets Jupiter, Saturn and Mars disappear from the sky only once per year, while the inner planets are invisible more often. In fact Venus and Mercury can only be observed in the beginning and the end of the night and continuously appear and disappear from the sky. Therefore, it was quite possible that on the date encoded in an Egyptian zodiac, Mercury and/or Venus were not visible. N.A. Morozov noticed that the visibility of a planet was accurately indicated on the Egyptian zodiacs. For example, on the Denderah zodiacs a symbol of a star placed above (or near) the head of the planetary figure symbolizes its visibility 46 . On Figure 5.64 we show two fragments of the Long and Round Denderah zodiacs, where some visible planets around the Sun (which we marked in yellow) are indicated by a star (marked in red) placed above their heads. We marked these planets in light-blue Color. On each of the Denderah zodiac there is one invisible planet (colored by us in brown), where a star near its head is missing. As some of the planets on Figure 5.64 were represented by double figures, for better clarity we encircled with a yellow contour each of the planetary representations. We checked the Morozov’s hypothesis about the visibility attributes on the Egyptian zodiacs and we can confirmed it. It turned out that on many Egyptian zodiacs the visibility or invisibility of planets was indeed indicated. It was done 46 See [4], Vol. 6, pp. 765, 678, 679.
Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in light-blue Color) and invisible (marked in brown Color) planets on the Long (upper picture) and Round (lower picture) Denderah zodiacs. carefully for the planetary symbols in the proximity of the Sun, where this information actually was important. In the case of the planets located far away from the Sun, where there couldn’t be any doubt about their visibility, this rule was not so rigorously applied, but still used. For the majority of the Egyptian zodiacs, the sign of visibility was a star placed above the planetary figure, similarly like it was done on the Denderah zodiacs. However, on certain zodiacs another method was used. For example on the Big Esna zodiac, instead of the visibility sign there was used the invisibility sign, which was a disk replacing the head (or sometimes on the head) of a planetary figure. This convention is logical and shows that the creators of this zodiac had a good understanding of this phenomena — a planet becomes invisible because the Sun “blazes” its face. On Figure 5.65, we show a fragment of the Big Esna zodiac with the partial horoscope of autumn equinox. We indicated with colors only the planetary figures belonging to this partial horoscope. On this zodiac, the figures of the partial horoscopes do not hold walking sticks. The invisible planets 5.7 Signs of Visibility of Planets in the Main Horoscope 117 Figure 5.65: The partial horoscope of autumn equinox on the Big Esna zodiac with the invisible (marked in brown) and visible (marked in light-blue) planets. The invisibility symbol (a disk) is marked in yellow. (marked in brown) have a disk (marked in yellow) placed on the head or instead of it. Let us recall that Mercury, which is a fast moving planet, was sometimes represented on the Egyptian zodiacs in two positions, one visible and another invisible. It is for example the case on the Long Denderah zodiac (see Figure 5.66). For each investigated by us Egyptian zodiac, there exists an astronomical solution for which • all the planetary locations are the same as in the main horoscope; • the order of planets is exactly the same as in the main horoscope; • all the partial horoscopes are satisfied; • the visibility/invisibility conditions are also fulfilled. Figure 5.66: A fragment of the Long Denderah zodiac with Mercury in two positions: visible and invisible. Being able to find such “perfect” solutions for all the investigated zodiacs, we can confirm that Morozov’s claim about the visibility/invisibility symbolism was indeed correct.
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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are given in contemporary literatur
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he conducted a mathematical and sta
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However, all these pecularities dis
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1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
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the identifications made by F. Pete
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VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
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The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
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−1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
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Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
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The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
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2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
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Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
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Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
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Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
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Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
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Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
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2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
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As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Page 83 and 84: 4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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Page 99 and 100: 5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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Page 119 and 120: Midnight Culminating Constellation
Page 123 and 124: pearance. For example, some planeta
Page 125: Let us resume that in this partial
Page 129 and 130: 5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
Page 131 and 132: Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
Page 133 and 134: the wings on each side (see Figure
Page 135 and 136: Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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Page 143 and 144: However, still it is possible to de
Page 145 and 146: In this way, the daily rotation of
Page 147 and 148: Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
Page 149 and 150: meaning of the ancient astronomical
Page 151 and 152: 6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
Page 153 and 154: (2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
Page 155 and 156: 6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
Page 157: Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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166 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
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Chapter 8 The Dates Shown on the Zo
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Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
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8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
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Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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scope, it would be a mistake to con
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we found out that the symbolism of
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• Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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points appear only in the fringe of
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8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
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8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
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The file containing the input data
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Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Let us look again at the figures st
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that all these three solutions are
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8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
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Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
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Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
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8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
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Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
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Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
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On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
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Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
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and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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(1) A figure of an eye with wings,
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5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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200 1.0 11.0 8.0 2.5 1.0 6.0 ------
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ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
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8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
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• SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on
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276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
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Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
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[173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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