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to be unique on the whole historical interval from 500 B.C.<br />

to our times:<br />

The Long Denderah zodiac:<br />

April 22-26, 1168 AD.<br />

The Round Denderah zodiac:<br />

March 13 – April 9, 1185 AD.<br />

3.2 Two Esna Zodiacs<br />

Esna lies 53 kilometers south <strong>of</strong> Luxor on the west bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Nile river, exactly at the place where Nile begins a big semicircle<br />

meander around a stony hills area. This was the burial<br />

place for Pharaohs and there is also located the famous Valley<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Kings. It is surrounded by many ancient Egyptian<br />

temples, structures and monuments. Denderah is located on<br />

the north side <strong>of</strong> this semicircular area, which is not so far<br />

from Esna. Let us point out that most <strong>of</strong> the ancient Egyptian<br />

<strong>zodiacs</strong> come from this region what may indicate their<br />

close relationship with the Egyptian tombs (see the map <strong>of</strong><br />

the river Nile in Egypt on Figure 3.8).<br />

Figure 3.8: A modern map <strong>of</strong> Egypt with the Middle Nile Valley<br />

indicated<br />

As we’ve already mentioned, there were discovered in Esna<br />

two temples with <strong>zodiacs</strong> reliefs on their ceilings. Symbols on<br />

these <strong>zodiacs</strong> are in many aspects very similar to the symbols<br />

on the Denderah <strong>zodiacs</strong>, but there are some clear differences<br />

as well.<br />

3.3 Athribis Zodiacs Discovered by Flinders Petrie 59<br />

As far as we know, the first and the only attempt to decode<br />

and date the Esna <strong>zodiacs</strong>, using the astronomical methods,<br />

was undertaken by T.N. Fomenko in [1]. She proposed<br />

a decoding variant for these <strong>zodiacs</strong> and calculated the dates<br />

based on it. Fomenko’s decoding led to the following solution,<br />

which appears to be the only one in the whole historical time<br />

interval:<br />

The Big Esna zodiac: May 1–2, 1641 AD.<br />

The Small Esna zodiac: May 2-3, 1570 AD.<br />

(T.N. Fomenko 18 )<br />

Our analysis <strong>of</strong> the Esna <strong>zodiacs</strong> showed that, in fact,<br />

there are several admissible variants <strong>of</strong> decodings that should<br />

be considered for the Esna <strong>zodiacs</strong>. The additional astronomical<br />

information contained in these <strong>zodiacs</strong> allows to eliminate<br />

all the incorrect solutions, which are incompatible with this<br />

data. The details <strong>of</strong> our research related to the analysis <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Esna <strong>zodiacs</strong> will be presented in sections 7.5 and 7.6. In this<br />

moment, let us simply announce our final result:<br />

The Big Esna zodiac:<br />

March 31 – April 3, 1394 AD.<br />

The Small Esna zodiac:<br />

May 6–8, 1404 AD.<br />

This solution appears to be unique on the time interval<br />

from 500 B.C. until the present times. We should mention<br />

that our final decoding, which led to the above solution, is<br />

different from the one suggested by T.N. Fomenko in [1], so<br />

the resulting final dates are also different.<br />

3.3 Athribis Zodiacs Discovered by<br />

Flinders Petrie<br />

The two Athribis <strong>zodiacs</strong> which we’ve already mentioned in<br />

section 2.1 (see Figures 2.19 and 3.9), were investigated by<br />

N.A. Morozov 19 . He described these <strong>zodiacs</strong> and the previous<br />

attempts <strong>of</strong> their dating as follows:<br />

“In 1902 the British Egyptology School in London published<br />

the work <strong>of</strong> Egyptologist W.M. Flinders Petrie under<br />

the title “Athribis.” This book was devoted to the description<br />

<strong>of</strong> findings made by Petrie in 1901 in Upper Egypt<br />

near Sohag. Athribis was called in the antiquity Hat-Repit<br />

(i.e. Repit Citadel) and is located to the south from Dekr-<br />

Amba-Shenude (i.e. White Monastery), where remains <strong>of</strong> a<br />

monastery cell were discovered. This cell was dated by Egyptologists<br />

to be <strong>of</strong> the forth century A.D. To the south from<br />

that place, near Horgaze, where the surrounding rocks like<br />

a stairway descend to the Nile valley, there were excavated<br />

historical remains, which were associated by the researchers<br />

with the Old Kingdom. Earlier, in Athribis there were discov-<br />

19 See [4], Vol. 6, pp.728-752

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