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On Figure 7.34, we present the final decoding <strong>of</strong> the Big<br />

Esna zodiac, for which the above solution was obtained. Moreover,<br />

it turned out that the planets in main horoscope on the<br />

Big Esna zodiac were located as follows:<br />

The Sun — the circle in Aries. During the days March 31<br />

— April 3, 1394, indicated in the final solution,, the Sun was<br />

crossing the boundary between Aries and Taurus and entering<br />

Taurus.<br />

The Moon — the circle with a crescent on the back <strong>of</strong><br />

Taurus. On the days <strong>of</strong> our solution, the Moon was moving in<br />

Aries and Taurus, but in Aries it was invisible. Moreover, on<br />

April 3, 1394, the New Moon reappeared in Taurus, right in<br />

Pleiades star cluster. In the medieval astronomy the Pleiades<br />

were given special consideration because <strong>of</strong> their distinctive<br />

appearance on the night sky. According to the results obtained<br />

by using the program Turbo-Sky, the Moon was not<br />

visible on the sky from March 31 till the evening <strong>of</strong> April<br />

3, when a tiny crescent <strong>of</strong> the New Moon appeared in the<br />

Pleiades inside the Taurus constellation (see Figure 7.35).<br />

On April 3, 1394 — the last day <strong>of</strong> the solution, Moon<br />

reappeared in Taurus in a shape <strong>of</strong> a tiny crescent.<br />

Figure 7.35: Planets in the proximity <strong>of</strong> the Sun on March 31<br />

— April 3, 1394 A.D. The area under the horizon is shaded.<br />

The dotted lines indicate the trajectory <strong>of</strong> the planets during<br />

these dates.<br />

Let us now discuss the other planets in our solution.<br />

Saturn in our solution was located exactly on the boundary<br />

between Virgo and Libra, which is the same location as<br />

the principal figure <strong>of</strong> Saturn on the main horoscope <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Big zodiac. Notice that the male figure <strong>of</strong> a traveler with a<br />

crescent on his head and holding a planetary walking stick,<br />

which represents Saturn, is placed precisely in between the<br />

symbols <strong>of</strong> Virgo and Libra (see Figure 7.33).<br />

7.5 Decoding the Date from the Big Esna Zodiac 187<br />

Next, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and Venus were gathered in<br />

Pisces, which again is exactly the same location as it was indicated<br />

on the Big zodiac. Furthermore, they all appeared very<br />

close one to another — the maximal distance between them<br />

was not larger than 10 o , while the distances between Venus,<br />

Mars and Mercury were barely 2 o –3 o . The configuration <strong>of</strong><br />

these four planets, on the days specified in our solution, is<br />

shown on Figure 7.35.<br />

In addition, before the dawn on March 31, 1394, Jupiter<br />

raised in Cairo, when the Sun was submerged 7 o under the<br />

horizon (in Luxor it was 8 o ), and it was the brightness “star”<br />

at that time — its brightness was M = −1.5, which was the<br />

same as the brightness <strong>of</strong> Sirius. Consequently, Jupiter was<br />

visible before the dawn and since, on the days preceeding<br />

March 31, the submersion <strong>of</strong> the Sun under the horizon was<br />

smaller than 7 o , this was the first day <strong>of</strong> its visibility 36 (see<br />

subsection 6.7.3 for more information about the visibility <strong>of</strong><br />

planets). On the last day <strong>of</strong> our solution — April 3, 1394,<br />

when Jupiter was rising, in Cairo the Sun was submerged<br />

8.5 o under the horizon and in Luxor 10 o . That means, Jupiter<br />

was even better visible, but still for a short time only. Therefore,<br />

this could provide us an explanation for the presence<br />

the second figure <strong>of</strong> Jupiter — a male planetary figure with<br />

a disk over his head. It is the last figure in the procession <strong>of</strong><br />

Jupiter (see the color annotated Big zodiac on Figure 7.33<br />

and Figure 7.34). The presence <strong>of</strong> the disk signifies the closeness<br />

<strong>of</strong> Jupiter to the Sun — it’s like the Sun was “sitting” on<br />

Jupiter’s “head” and that’s exactly what is indicated by our<br />

solution. But, there is something else special about this figure<br />

— the representations <strong>of</strong> Jupiter on the Denderah <strong>zodiacs</strong><br />

are similar to this figure. On the Round Denderah zodiac (see<br />

Figure 5.37), there is a hieroglyph over the head <strong>of</strong> Jupiter<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> two horns, directed upward, with a small disk<br />

in-between, and on the Long Denderah zodiac, Jupiter has<br />

horizontal horns and there is also a small disk in-between.<br />

Let us recall that at the preliminary stage, we also considered<br />

another variant <strong>of</strong> decoding, in which the figure leading<br />

this procession was Mars. By the way, on the Big Esna zodiac,<br />

the size <strong>of</strong> the disk on the head <strong>of</strong> this figure is much<br />

larger than those on the Denderah <strong>zodiacs</strong>, what indeed could<br />

signalize the Jupiter closeness to the Sun.<br />

In our solution, when moving away from the Sun, Jupiter<br />

was the first planet, then we encounter Venus, followed by<br />

Mars and next Mercury (see Figure 7.35). However, few days<br />

earlier Venus was still behind Mars and Mercury, till March<br />

25, when Venus got ahead <strong>of</strong> these two planets. Possibly, it<br />

could give an explanation to the arrangement <strong>of</strong> the Big zodiac,<br />

where the figure <strong>of</strong> Mars is enclosed between two sitting<br />

“doubles” <strong>of</strong> Venus — one <strong>of</strong> them larger (<strong>of</strong> the same size<br />

as “doubles” <strong>of</strong> the other planets) and another smaller (see<br />

Figure 7.35). These two “doubles” in some sense mark the<br />

trajectory <strong>of</strong> Venus in proximity <strong>of</strong> Mars. The smaller “double”<br />

possibly indicates the position <strong>of</strong> Venus in the past, when<br />

it was on the other side <strong>of</strong> Mars, while the bigger one shows<br />

the correct position <strong>of</strong> Venus with respect to the other plan-<br />

36 See [27], p. 16.

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