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202 7 The Dates Shown on the Monumental Zodiacs in the Denderah and Esna Temples diac, the area of this partial horoscope is extended up to the figure of Sagittarius (see Figures 7.41 and 7.42). We begin with the upper row in that fragment of the zodiac. Notice the symbol of the spring equinox — a figure sitting on a podium marked with a diagonal cross. It is located right above Pisces. Around that symbol we find the figures of the minimal partial horoscope, i.e. Mercury and Venus (see Figure 7.42). Of course, Venus and Mercury always appear near the proximity of the Sun, so this information has no real value for the verification of admissible solutions. In the middle row of this area of the zodiac we find many figures belonging to the partial horoscope. Between the symbols of Pisces and Aquarius there is a male figure. It has two faces and holds a snake. These attributes are typical for Mercury (see subsections 5.4.9 and 5.4.10). It is an indication that Mercury on the spring equinox day was located either in Pisces or in Aquarius. In between the symbols of Aquarius and Sagittarius, there is shown a gathering of planetary figures standing on boats or snakes. There are exactly six such figures in this location. On the color annotated zodiac (see Figure 7.42), all these figures are marked in green, because most probably they indicate a supplementary astronomical scene. In fact, there are too many planetary symbols for just one partial horoscope. On the other hand, and this is important, all the planetary symbols from the partial horoscopes are shown in the middle row without pull-out attributes. Since the planets of the main horoscope are shown in the bottom row, there is no need for using special symbols to distinguish them form the planetary symbols of the partial horoscopes. The same arrangement was also used in the case of the Big Esna zodiac. Nevertheless, all the figures in this astronomical scene (except one small male figure located under the left end of Capricorn) are placed on pull-out symbols of snakes or boats. In the upper part of this scene, we see three figures placed on a long snake. The fist one is a walking male figure with jackal’s head, followed by another male figure with a disc replacing its head, and the last figure is shown in a sitting position. It is possible that this is a symbolic representation of a half-revolution of Mercury around the Sun. Indeed, it could symbolize Mercury that was visible, then when it disappeared behind the Sun, and finally when it came to rest (the sitting position), before it begins to move backward towards the Sun. This is exactly how the real motion of Mercury appears on the sky. Under the snake, there is a large male figure in a horizontal position. It is also standing on a snake. On its right, there is a small female figure on a boat — probably a representation of Venus. Further to the right and slightly down, there is a male figure with cat’s or lion’s head. It walks in the opposite to the other figure direction (i.e. to the left). We can conclude, that in this supplementary scene, three other planets were also involved, among them Venus. In summary, in this supplementary scene, there are shown four planets, among them Venus and Mercury. Since this configuration of planets is located between Aquarius and Capricorn, the Sun at that time was either in Aquarius or Capricorn. That means, this astronomical event took place in January or February. Let us point out that this scene appears next to the symbol of Aquarius, right above the aquarian bracket in the bottom row. As we conjectured it earlier (see subsection 5.1.11), the symbol of Aquarius was probably a representation of John the Baptist. Let us notice that on January 6, according to Julian calendar, the Christian Church celebrates Epiphany, which is one of its oldest festival commemorating Baptism of Jesus Christ. It is interesting to check if on this particular day, indicated by the astronomical solution, there were indeed four planets in the proximity of the Sun. In our check-up list we will reserve a spacial place for this supplementary scene. Let us return to the partial horoscope of the spring equinox. In the middle row there is only one figure left about which we didn’t comment anything yet. It is a male figure holding a stick with a high ornament on his head. Clearly, it indicates one more planet of the partial horoscope which was either located between Capricorn and Sagittarius. In the bottom row there are no symbols of partial horoscopes. In this way we have obtained the following decoding of the partial horoscope of the spring equinox: Mercury, which was in Pisces or Aquarius, Venus, and one more planet located in Capricorn. [D] Partial Horoscope of the Summer Solstice: The Sun on the summer solstice day was usually shown on the Egyptian zodiacs in Gemini (see subsection 5.8.4). On the Small zodiac, the symbol of the summer solstice is located in the upper row above Gemini. It is a figure of a cobra with upright fore body, standing on a podium (see Figure 7.42) located in between two sitting female figures (the shapes of female breast can be easily distinguished). The female figure on the left holds a typical planetary walking stick. The other sitting female figure, the one on the right from the summer solstice symbol, holds in her hand an object resembling a loop in a shape of an eye. There are three wavy lines marked across this object. It is clear that it is a representation of Venus. A little further to the right, there is an accumulation of snakes, snakes with wings and a bird. Similar symbols were also present in the summer solstice area on the Big zodiac (on the left from Gemini). Among those symbols we are able to recognize only one planetary symbol. It is a two-headed snake representing Mercury. In this way, in
the upper row of the summer solstice area on the Small zodiac, there is only a minimal partial horoscope composed of Venus and Mercury. There are no other planets indicated there. In the middle row, there is a typical for the Egyptian zodiacs symbol of the summer solstice — a man with a raised hand standing on a boat (see subsection 5.8.4, where we discussed this symbol on the Small Esna zodiac). Right next to it, there is a two-headed animal and a crocodile. These are again the symbols of the minimal partial horoscope: Mercury and Venus near the summer solstice point. On the left from Cancer, there is a figure of a warrior. It holds a raised sword in one hand and arrows in another. It is definitely a representation of Mars, but it is not completely clear to which partial horoscope it belongs: the one of the summer solstice or the autumn equinox. In the bottom row, on the right from Gemini, there is a familiar symbol of the summer solstice — a boat with a bull and a female figure. Notice a small arrow over the bull’s head. Even though the female holds no bow, we still can think that the arrows come from her (see subsection 5.8.4). Furthermore, right behind the “Gemini Brackets,” there is a pair of male travelers standing on a boat. An almost identical pair of two male figures with hawk faces, which is a planetary symbol in the main horoscope, is following it. One can assume that the pair on the boat — a pull-out symbol, represents the same planet in the partial horoscope (see section 5.6). As it turned out, this planet was identified in the obtained complete solution as Mars. We will see later, when we will be checking out this solution, that Mars in the partial horoscope of the summer solstice was indeed in Gemini. This identification agrees with the symbol of the warrior with a raised sword located between Leo and Cancer in the middle row. If this figure indeed represents Mars in the partial horoscope of the summer solstice, then Mars could be located on the boundary between Gemini and Cancer. In this way we have obtained the following decoding of the partial horoscope of the summer solstice: besides the minimal horoscope composed of Venus and Mercury, there was also Mars in the surroundings of Gemini. Mars was either located in Gemini, or, in the case the symbol of the warrior belongs to this partial horoscope, on the boundary between Gemini and Cancer. 7.6.5 Final Solution for the Small Esna Zodiac: May 6—8, 1404 AD. A complete solution that was found for the Small Esna zodiac turned out to be unique. It was May 6–8, 1404 A.D., exactly 10 years after the date indicated on the Big Esna zodiac! During that time the configuration of the planets on the sky was as follows: SUN – in Taurus; 7.6 Decoding the Date from the Small Esna Zodiac 203 MOON – in Aries, appearing as a shrinking moon crescent; MARS – in Gemini; VENUS – in Taurus, near its border with Gemini; MERCURY – in Taurus, near its border with Aries; SATURN – in Aquarius;. JUPITER – in Capricorn. It is clear that these locations perfectly fit the planetary data contained in the main horoscope (see subsection 7.6.3). In Appendix ??, we include the input date that was used to find this solution. Julian day (JD) = 2233995.00 Year/Month/Day = 1404/5/6 Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury 1.29 11.95 10.13 9.81 2.28 1.88 1.16 Taurus Pis/Ari Aquarius Capricorn Gemini Taurus Taurus Julian day (JD) = 2233996.00 Year/Month/Day= 1404/5/7 Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury 63.4 o 238.5 o 331.7 o 324.4 o 98.2 o 86.4 o 57.3 o 1.31 0.48 10.13 9.82 2.30 1.92 1.15 Taurus Aries Aquarius Capricorn Gemini Taurus Taurus Julian day (JD) = 2233997.00 Year/Month/Day= 1404/5/8 Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury 64.3 o 52.4 o 331.8 o 324.5 o 98.9 o 87.6 o 56.8 o 1.34 1.02 10.13 9.82 2.32 1.95 1.14 Taurus Aries Aquarius Capricorn Gemini Taurus Taurus Table 7.16: Planetary Positions in the Period May 6–8, 1404 On Figure 7.43, we show the final decoding of the Small zodiac, corresponding the computed complete solution. In Table 7.16, we list the planetary positions on the main date: May 6–8, 1404 AD. As usual, we indicate the locations of planets in degree on the ecliptic J2000, as well as by using the coordinates on the constellation scale (see section 6.10). The planetary configuration that fits in the best way the astronomical data shown on the Small zodiac, occured on May 7, 1404. On that day, Moon in a shape of a shrinking narrow crescent was located in Aries. At that time, the mean distance from the best points was only 8 o , which can be compared with a quarter of the length of an average zodiac constellation. Since even the mean discrepancy from the best points of magnitude 15 o can be considered as acceptable (see section 6.11), this result should be considered as very good.
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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are given in contemporary literatur
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he conducted a mathematical and sta
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However, all these pecularities dis
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1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
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the identifications made by F. Pete
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VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
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The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
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−1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
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Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
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The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
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2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
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Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
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Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
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Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
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Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
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Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
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2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
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As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Figure 3.15: Brugsch’s zodiac wit
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Chapter 4 New Approach to Decoding
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Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
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Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
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4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
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Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
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Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
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Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
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Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
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Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
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5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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their huge work was made by N.A. Mo
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In order to explain this answer, le
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Figure 5.33: Egyptian “gods”
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of Mars during the first stage, and
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of Venus, as a lioness, is more com
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Figure 5.44: Planets on the Inner P
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Figure 5.48: The god Janus on a Rom
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Midnight Culminating Constellation
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
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Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
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the wings on each side (see Figure
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Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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is the sitting child with a hand ne
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ecause Saturn moves very slowly, wh
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Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
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However, still it is possible to de
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In this way, the daily rotation of
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Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
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meaning of the ancient astronomical
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6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
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(2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
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6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
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Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
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Page 225 and 226: 8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
Page 227 and 228: Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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Page 233 and 234: • Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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Page 237 and 238: 8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
Page 239 and 240: 8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
Page 241 and 242: The file containing the input data
Page 243 and 244: Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
Page 245 and 246: Let us look again at the figures st
Page 247 and 248: that all these three solutions are
Page 249 and 250: 8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
Page 251 and 252: Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
Page 253 and 254: Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
Page 255 and 256: 8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
Page 257 and 258: Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
Page 259 and 260: Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
Page 261 and 262: On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
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Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
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and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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(1) A figure of an eye with wings,
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5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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200 1.0 11.0 8.0 2.5 1.0 6.0 ------
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ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
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8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
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• SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on
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276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
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Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
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[173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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