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62 3 Previous Attempts of Astronomical Dating of Egyptian Zodiacs Figure 3.12: Dating of the Athribis zodiac by N.A. Morozov. (Translated from [4], Vol.6, p.746, Fig. 150.) order on the zodiacs. For instance, the order of the planets in the surroundings of the Sun on the lower zodiac, according to Morozov’s decoding, is as follows: Mercury, Venus, Sun and Mars (see Figure 2.19). However, in the Morozov solution the order is: Mercury, Mars, Sun and Venus (see Figure 3.12), so it is inappropriate to consider Morozov’s solution for the lower zodiac as satisfactory. In fact this solution has several flaws, the most important of which discuss below. N.A. Morozov commented his modified decoding as follows: “First of all, a question arises if the interpretation, by the British Egyptologist School, of the bird with snake-like tail as Jupiter, and the bird with bull-head as Saturn, is correct? Flinders Petrie’s book doesn’t mention even one word why it is so 27 ..” After that, Morozov proposes to interchange the identifications of Jupiter and Saturn. He explains: “Jupiter, as it is well known, was turning himself into a bull, but not Saturn. Saturn was considered as an ominous planet ... so the snake-like tail agrees well with its nature, but not with the blissful nature of Jupiter 28 ..” It is hard to accept the arguments of N.A. Morozov as convincing and conclusive. We shouldn’t forget that he proposed this conjecture only after unsuccessful attempts to date the Athribis zodiacs trusting the earlier decoding by Knobel. Concerning his objection to identify Saturn with the bird with a 27 See [4], Vol. 6, p. 738. 28 See [4], Vol. 6, p. 739 bull-head, as it was suggested by Egyptologists, Morozov did not present a strong case. In fact, on the Denderah zodiacs the symbol of Saturn is often accompanied by a figure of a bull. Therefore, it seems that the problem of the identification of Saturn and Jupiter on the Athribis zodiacs should be kept open, keeping in mind that even with the new decoding Morozov was still unable to find a statisfactory solution. But, there is a more serious issue. Our analysis of the previous two decodings of the Athribis zodiacs, which were used by Knobel and Morozov, uncovered extremely strong flaws. Namely, the same birds on the upper and lower zodiacs were somehow identified with different planets. On Figure 3.13 we show the complete set of the planetary symbols on the Athribis zodiacs together with their identifications according to Morozov and Egyptologists. On this figure one can notice that the fundamental requirement that the same symbols on the both zodiacs should be associated with the same planets, is not fulfilled neither by Knobel’s nor by Morozov’s decodings. It’s clear that by allowing such inconsistent identifications all kinds of various manipulations are possible, which could result in arbitrary dates without any real connection to these zodiacs. Let us explain Figure 3.13. In the top row, there are presented the planetary symbols from the Upper Athribis zodiac and in the bottom row, from the Lower zodiac. All the planets are symbolized by figures of birds with exception of Mercury which is shown in the same way as on the Denderah zodiacs, i.e. as a two-faced male figure with a walking stick. The annotations in green indicate Morozov’s and in brown Knobel’s decodings. We placed the similar symbols, according to their apearance, in the same column. It is easy to see that the planetary symbols on the Upper zodiac match the symbols on the Lower zodiac. Indeed, let us point out that there are two birds with horns on each of the zodiacs, but their horns are clearly of different shape, so it is easy to match them with the corresponding birds on the another zodiac. This is not something unexpected — the planetary symbols on two zodiacs, which are the parts of the same composition, should be the same! It is possible that Knobel’s and Morozov’s decodings were incorrect because of a very simple reason — erroneous assumption that the difference between the dates encoded in the Athribis zodiacs should be not larger than 30 years. In our analysis of these zodiacs we’ve considered all the possible variants of consistent identifications of the planetary symbols with specific planets. Moreover, we’ve also used the additional astronomical information contained in the zodiacs. A detailed presentation of our method will be presented in Chapter 8 (see section 8.1). However, our final result, indicates that the difference between dates for the Upper and Lower Athribis zodiacs is 38 years. More precisely, under the condition that the difference between the calculated dates is not larger than 150 years, we have obtained for the Athribis zodiacs the following complete solution, which is unique in the historical time interval from 500 B.C. till the present time:
3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.13: Planetary symbols of the Athribis zodiacs and their identification by Morozov and Knobel The Upper Athribis zodiac: May 15–16, 1230 AD. The Lower Athribis zodiac: February 9–10, 1268 AD. 3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac The Thebes zodiac found by H. Brugsch was discussed in detail in [4], Vol. 6, pp. 695-728. A drawing of the complete zodiac is shown on Figure 2.13 and the part containing a horoscope, which was discovered by H. Brugsch and dated by N.A. Morozov, is presented on Figure 3.14. Regarding this zodiac, Morozov wrote: “In 1913, N.V. Rumancev, who was still at that time a student at the Philological Institute ... brought to me ... a book by Henri Brugsch: “Recueil de Monuments Egyptiens, dessines sur lieux”, in which among other things was described a coffin in a perfect condition, so good that someone could say it was made not long ago. This coffin ... can be found now in the collection of Monier. Brugsch discovered it, according to his own account, in 1857 but published its description only in 1868. Inside the coffin there was a mummy of the same type as traditional Egyptian mummies ... On the side of its cover, which symbolizes the sky ... there were painted twelve constellations of zodiacs just in the same manner as they are usually shown in astronomical books of the epoch of humanism ... The only important feature here are the Demotic inscriptions written in irregular curved lines on the left side ... among which especially striking are the two lines between Cancer and Leo aiming at the Leo’s head. In the first line it is written “Hor-pe- Seta” and in the other “Hor-pe-Ka”, i.e. the planets Saturn and Jupiter 29 . Since these two lines were placed very close one to another, while in the surrounding there was plenty of free space, it indicates that Jupiter and Saturn were near by. ... Near Virgo, from the side of Leo, there is a Demotic inscription “Hor-Tezer” meaning the planet Mars. Between Scorpio and Sagittarius, bending to head of Sagittarius, is written in Demotic “Pe-Neter-Tau,” which means “light of the morning” or Venus .... and finally, between Scorpio and Libra, there is written “Sebek”, which means Mercury 30 .” Concerning the positions of the Sun and Moon on the zodiac, Morozov wrote: “The figure of Scorpion ... is painted in a way indicating that it is submerged in the sunlight, what takes place in November, and the figure of Taurus, which is opposite to Scor- 29 Morozov took all the translations of the inscriptions on this zodiac from the book [14] of H. Brugsch. 30 See [4], Vol. 6, pp. 697-698.
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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Page 43 and 44: 2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
Page 51 and 52: 2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
Page 57 and 58: Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
Page 61 and 62: 2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Page 71: zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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Page 79 and 80: Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
Page 83 and 84: 4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
Page 91 and 92: 5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
Page 95 and 96: 5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
Page 97 and 98: Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
Page 99 and 100: 5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
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Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
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the wings on each side (see Figure
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Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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is the sitting child with a hand ne
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ecause Saturn moves very slowly, wh
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Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
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However, still it is possible to de
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In this way, the daily rotation of
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Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
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meaning of the ancient astronomical
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6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
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(2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
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6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
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Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
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152 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
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Chapter 8 The Dates Shown on the Zo
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Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
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8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
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Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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scope, it would be a mistake to con
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we found out that the symbolism of
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• Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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points appear only in the fringe of
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8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
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8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
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The file containing the input data
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Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Let us look again at the figures st
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that all these three solutions are
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8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
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Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
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Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
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8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
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Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
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Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
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On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
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Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
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and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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(1) A figure of an eye with wings,
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5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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200 1.0 11.0 8.0 2.5 1.0 6.0 ------
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ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
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8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
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• SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on
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276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
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Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
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[173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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