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234 8 The Dates Shown on the Zodiacs form Ancient Egyptian Tombs and Sarcophagi ognize those which represent the constellations of Leo, Scorpio and Taurus. Notice that very similar symbols were used for the zodiacal constellations on the other Egyptian zodiacs. Leo is shown as a figure of a lion lying down on its stomach with the tail stretched out away from its body. Right under its tail, there is a small figure of Scorpio. The both symbols are easy to identify. In front of the lion’s head there is a standing male figure with a raised up hand holding a large tray. On the tray, there is a standing figure of a bull — Taurus. Those are the only three zodiacal figures that can be identified in this section of the Thebes zodiac. It seems that the remaining nine other zodiacal figures are not present on this zodiac. In fact, there is not even one familiar figure, which could be considered as a zodiacal constellation. We have to acknowledge that these figures are not present here, or maybe, some other symbols are used to replace them. Indeed, the remaining nine zodiacal constellations, although they are not important for the astronomical dating, there are in fact present on the Color Thebes zodiac. They are represented in very unusual for the Egyptian zodiacs way. Notice the nine human figures standing on the left hand side from the center in the lower half of the zodiac. Among those figures, we can easily recognize one female figure. The bodies of all the male figures are covered with small dots. If we think about the shapes of the constellations, which appear on the sky filled with small shining dots — the stars, we realize that these figures could represent the remaining nine zodiacal constellations of Libra, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Gemini, Cancer and Virgo. Moreover, the female figure could very well symbolize Virgo. Nevertheless, as we already stated it earlier, this identification of the “constellation sequence” is not important at all for the astronomical dating. There are no additional planetary figures shown among these nine constellations, so there is no additional information that could be useful for the dating. 8.3.2 Planetary Figures on the Thebes Zodiac Let us proceed to the identification of planetary symbols on the Thebes zodiac. These figures should be located among the symbols of constellations. In a meaningful design of a horoscope, the figures representing the planets can not be too much apart from the constellations, so a spacial relation between them could be established. Consequently, we should look for the planets in the area already occupied by the identified above constellations of Leo, Scorpio and Taurus. Indeed, among the nine figures, which represent the remaining constellations, there are no additional symbols at all, except a small hieroglyphic inscription near the female’s figure head. This inscription could simply be an indication that it is a symbol of Virgo (see Figure 8.11). On the other hand, several additional symbols can indeed be found among these three “standing out” constellations of Leo, Scorpio and Taurus. First of all, we notice three male figures standing right behind the lions tail in the lower half of the zodiac. The hands of all the three figures express some gestures, and there are small hieroglyphic inscriptions placed next to their heads. These figures are followed by seven other male figures, but there is nothing distinctive about them. They hold the hands to their sides and one find no more inscriptions among them. This scene is clearly showing to us that the first three men are trying to “say” something, while the all others are “saying” nothing. The hieroglyphic inscriptions near the three leading figures contain probably their messages. Maybe, they are simply the names of these male planets. So, it is indeed a symbolic representation of a horoscope. We can deduct from it, that in Leo or near by, for example in Virgo, there were three male planets. In addition, we can guess that the hieroglyphic annotations, next to these planetary figures, were their actual names. This is also an important indication for us, that when looking for the other planetary symbols, we should pay a particular attention to occurrence of inscriptions accompanying these symbols. There is no problem in recognizing the only female figure in this area of the Thebes zodiac. This figure, which is located over figure of lion, definitely represents Venus. Notice that there is something particular about its location. Although it is close to Leo, it was moved away from the other three male planets. Venus appears hovering over Leo in a location, which was shifted forward with respect to the three other male planets. In this moment it is impossible to figure out the exact meaning of this scene, but we should remember that for the previously analyzed Egyptian zodiacs, the computed final solutions provided us with convincing explanations of similar astronomical scenes. Thus in this case, we will also expect that the final solution will help us to clarify the interpretation of this astronomical picture. The appearance of Venus in Leo can be also confirmed by another symbol — a crocodile, which is located under the figure of lion. A similar pair of symbols was also present on Brugsch’s zodiac, in the horoscope without “the Walking Sticks,” where it was identified as a symbol of Venus in Leo. Therefore, we can assume that they have the same meaning as on the Thebes zodiac. One of our most important claims related to the symbolism of the Egyptian zodiacs, is that it always follows the same set of rules. The correctness of this postulate was confirmed by our success in finding the unique and full solutions for all the studied Egyptian zodiacs. It turned out that these zodiacs were using the same astronomical conventions. Since an astronomical object can be shown in many ways, the symbolic language of zodiacs is rather complex. Nevertheless, closely similar symbols on two different Egyptian zodiacs always carried the same meaning. Consequently, we can conclude that on the Color Thebes zodiac, Venus is shown in Leo. Besides Venus, in Leo or Virgo, but not far from Leo, there were three other planets. Let us discuss shortly, what possibly these planets could be.
Let us look again at the figures standing behind the lion in the lower half of the zodiac. This sequence is stretching almost to the right end of the zodiac. As we have noticed it earlier, this procession is led by three male figures. Each of them has a hieroglyphic inscription next it. They are followed by another male figure without particular attributes, with hands on its sides and with no inscriptions around. The procession is closed by three other completely identical figures. It is not clear what could be their meaning, but the lack of any distinctiveness among them may suggest that their role is probably to fill the empty space on the zodiac. It is possible, they are simply an entourage of the main planetary symbols. If we exclude these four figures, then besides the planetary symbols (three leading figures with inscriptions) there are three male figures with the usual for Egyptian zodiacs planetary attributes. The first of these figures has a jackal head, the second has an ibis head (a bird with a long curved down beak), and the third one has a falcon head. We have discussed these attributes in subsections 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, and 5.4.7. The jackal or ibis head are typical symbols for Mercury or Saturn. For example, on the Small Esna zodiac, Saturn was represented by a figure with ibis head, and on the Big Esna zodiac, Mercury was shown with jackal head (see the related to these issues discussion in subsection 5.4.3). On the other hand, the falcon head is an attribute of Mars frequently used on the Egyptian zodiacs (see subsection 5.4.7). In this way, in Leo or in Virgo but close to the Leo’s tail, there are shown Mercury, Saturn and Mars. Let us point out that in the case of the Thebes zodiac, a possible mixup of Mercury and Saturn, because of their similar symbolism (see subsection 5.4.4), does not create additional problems. These two planets are shown together in the same constellation — in Leo. At this moment we only need to locate the remaining three planets: the Sun, Moon and Jupiter. Right under the lion, which represents Leo, there is a symbol of Scorpio. The presence of Scorpio in this area of the Thebes zodiac is an indication that there was indeed another planet (or possibly planets) in this constellation. The design of the Thebes zodiac was based on the idea of displaying only those constellations that contained some of the planets. All the other constellations, without any planet inside, were shown in a very simplified way (or simply omitted). Consequently, we expect that near Scorpio there should be a symbol of another planet. Indeed, right next to it, there is a small hieroglyphic inscription that looks like two dots, which is followed by a symbol of a small crescent. This is clearly a symbol of a half-moon. The location of this half-moon and its relatively small size with respect to the figure of Scorpio (but not to Leo), indisputably hints that Moon, in its half-moon stage, was located in Scorpio. A more precise examination of this symbol reveals that in fact it is not exactly a half-moon, but a lizard shaped in a form of a half-moon. In this way, we obtain that Moon on the Thebes zodiac is shown in Scorpio. Since the most of the planets are already located, it is not very complicated to find the Sun and Jupiter. Again, the 8.3 Zodiac of Ramses VII —“Color Thebes Zodiac” 235 presence of Taurus, in this area of the zodiac, indicates again that either the Sun or Jupiter was there. But it is impossible, because of purely astronomical reasons, that the Sun was in Taurus. Notice that Mercury and Venus were already identified in Leo, which is two constellations further from Taurus — a distance of about 50 o . Since Mercury and Venus are never getting so far away from the Sun, the Sun could not be in Taurus at that time. Consequently, Jupiter was in Taurus. It is shown on the Thebes zodiac as a male figure holding high above his head a tray with a bull. The corresponding to Jupiter inscription is located on the same level as the bull, noticeably to the left, just in front of the two fantastic figures separating the area of the main horoscope from the “constellation sequence.” This inscription consists of three hieroglyphs and a bird underneath. Finally, we need to localize the Sun. It is easy to notice that there is only one more inscription on the zodiac. It consists of several hieroglyphs and a small figure of bird, which are located near the head of a female figure at the right end of the “constellation sequence” (see Figure 5.51). We recognized this sequence of figures, which are filled with small dots, as the symbols of “empty” zodiacal constellations. The only female symbol in this sequence was identified as Virgo. In this way, we obtain that the Sun was in Virgo. For some reasons, Virgo was moved into the group of the sequence of “empty constellations,” instead of being included in the area of the main horoscope. However, the female figure representing Virgo is not filled with small dots, as the all other figures in the “constellation sequence,” and it stands clearly out of this sequence. On the other hand, the position of the Sun in Virgo, is compatible with the locations of Venus and Mercury in Leo. The other variants for the location of the Sun — in Leo or Cancer, were not confirmed by the results of the computations, and consequently, were rejected. In addition, on the Color Thebes zodiac, there is another indication that the Sun was in Virgo, or not far from it. If we look carefully on the figure representing Taurus, we realize that its elevated position on a tray may symbolize that at that time the constellation of Taurus was in its culmination point, i.e. it reached its highest altitude on the sky. It was already explained in section 5.4.13, that the culmination of Taurus means that the Sun was on the opposite side of the ecliptic, in either one of the constellations of Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, or Sagittarius. However, it could not be neither in Cancer or Leo. In summary, we can conclude that on the Color Thebes zodiac, the Sun is shown in Virgo. 8.3.3 The Main Horoscope and Additional Conditions Since we have found all the planets — the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter, we can complete the decoding of the Color Thebes zodiac. All the planets were accompanied by hieroglyphic inscriptions, which allowed us to recognized them without too much trouble. There were exactly seven inscriptions corresponding to the seven planets. It turned out that the main horoscope was located in the central part of the lower half of the Thebes zodiac. The upper half does not
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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are given in contemporary literatur
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he conducted a mathematical and sta
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However, all these pecularities dis
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1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
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the identifications made by F. Pete
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VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
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The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
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−1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
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Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
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The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
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2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
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Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
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Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
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Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
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Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
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Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
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2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
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As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Figure 3.15: Brugsch’s zodiac wit
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Chapter 4 New Approach to Decoding
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Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
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Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
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4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
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Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
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Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
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Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
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Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
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Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
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5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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their huge work was made by N.A. Mo
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In order to explain this answer, le
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Figure 5.33: Egyptian “gods”
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of Mars during the first stage, and
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of Venus, as a lioness, is more com
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Figure 5.44: Planets on the Inner P
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Figure 5.48: The god Janus on a Rom
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Midnight Culminating Constellation
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
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Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
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the wings on each side (see Figure
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Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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is the sitting child with a hand ne
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ecause Saturn moves very slowly, wh
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Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
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However, still it is possible to de
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In this way, the daily rotation of
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Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
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meaning of the ancient astronomical
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6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
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(2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
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6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
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Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
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152 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
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Page 223 and 224: Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
Page 225 and 226: 8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
Page 227 and 228: Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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Page 233 and 234: • Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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Page 237 and 238: 8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
Page 239 and 240: 8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
Page 241 and 242: The file containing the input data
Page 243: Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Page 249 and 250: 8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
Page 251 and 252: Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
Page 253 and 254: Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
Page 255 and 256: 8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
Page 257 and 258: Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
Page 259 and 260: Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
Page 261 and 262: On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
Page 263 and 264: Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
Page 265 and 266: and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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Page 269 and 270: 5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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Page 273 and 274: ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
Page 275 and 276: 8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
Page 281: • SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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Page 286 and 287: 276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
Page 289 and 290: Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
Page 291 and 292: BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
Page 293: [173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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