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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on the Egyptian Zodiacs On Figure 9.1, we show the graph representing the time axis on which we marked the dates of all the Egyptian zodiacs that were analyzed in this book. On Figure 9.1, we applied colors to distinguish between different zodiacs on the graph. On the left we show the dates of the zodiacs from the Egyptian temples, i.e. the Denderah and Esna zodiacs. Let us recall that the obtained dates for these zodiacs were unique in the whole historical time interval. On the right of the graph, we have placed the dates for all the analyzed zodiacs from the Egyptian tombs. We have marked their coordinates on the time line with color dots — each tomb with a different color. In order to indicate that a pair of dates should be considered as one solution for two zodiacs form the same tomb, we connected the color dots with a small arc. Notice that some of the zodiacs found in the Egyptian tombs have multiple solutions, i.e. more than one final date was found for them. This was the case with some of the zodiacs having relatively small astronomical content, where the partial horoscopes were missing and there was no other astronomical information that could be used for the verification of the solution. For a single decoding of the main horoscope, it is possible sometimes to obtain several solutions in the whole historical time interval. If, in addition, there was more than one variant of decoding considered, even more admissible solutions could be found. Consequently, because of the absence of the additional astronomical information, in such cases, the elimination process couldn’t be applied to incomplete solutions, and therefore multiple dates were obtained. This was the case of the Petosiris and Ramses VI zodiacs. However, in the case of the Athribis zodiacs the obtained dates were unique. It is clear that the distribution of the dates on Figure 9.1 strongly contradicts Scaliger’s chronology of ancient Egypt. It can not be true, what is presently preached by Egyptologists, that Egyptian history lasted for many thousand years before the Christian era. The astronomical evidence strongly indicates that it was in fact the epoch from the 10th to 16th century A.D. Moreover, the pyramids and great temples of ancient Egypt couldn’t be constructed earlier than in the 14th century A.D. Notice that the dates encoded in the zodiacs found in the Egyptian temples point to epoch from the 12th to 15th century. However, this evidence can not be considered as a proof that the temples were build around the same time as it is indicated by the dates on the zodiacs. It is most probable that the temples were build much later then the events commemorated by these zodiacs took place. It could be even few hundreds years later. Regarding the zodiacs that were painted in the “ancient” Egyptian tombs, based on the dating of Brugsch’s zodiac, we can say that this “ancient” tradition was still present in Egypt even during the 19th century. Therefore, it is possible that many artifacts from the “ancient” Egyptian tombs, Dates On the Egyptian Zodiacs Temples Tombs Small Esna EM 1404 Big Esna EB 1394 Round Denderah DR 1185 Long Denderah DL 1168 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 1861 1853 1841 Brugsch’s zodiac (three horoscopes) BR 1 BR 3 BR 2 1714 Petosiris P2 1714 Petosiris P1 (Demotic) 1586 Ramses VI RS 1289 Ramses VI RS 1268 Athribis AN 1230 Athribis AV 1240 Petosiris P2 1227 P1 Petosiris 1182 Ramses IV OU (Thebes) Figure 9.1: Distribution of the dates encoded in the Egyptian zodiacs
which are proudly displayed in the renowned museums, are simply paintings from the 19th century. Let us summarize the dates obtained for the Egyptian zodiacs: 1. Round Denderah Zodiac (DR): the morning of March 20, 1185 A.D. 2. Long Denderah Zodiac (DL): April 22–26, 1168 A.D. 3. Big Esna Zodiac (EB): March 31 – April 3, 1394 A.D. 4. Small Esna Zodiac (EM): May 6–8, 1404 A.D. 5. Athribis Zodiacs of Flinders Petrie: • Upper Athribis Zodiac (AV): May 15–16, 1230 A.D. • Lower Athribis Zodiac (AN): February 9–10, 1268 A.D. 6. Brugsch’s Zodiac (BR) containing three main horoscopes, each of them showing different date: • Demotic Horoscope: November 18, 1861 A.D. • Horoscope without Walking Sticks: October 6–7, 1841 A.D. • Horoscope in Boats: February 15, 1853 A.D. 7. Thebes zodiac of Ramses VII (OU): September 5–8, 1182 A.D. 8. Petosiris Zodiacs (P1) and (P2): • First Solution: Outer Petosiris Zodiac (P1): August 5, 1227 A.D. Inner Petosiris Zodiac (P2): March 24–25, 1240 A.D. • Second Solution (conditional for (P2)): Outer Petosiris Zodiac (P1): August 10, 1430 A.D. Inner Petosiris Zodiac (P2): April 17, 1477 A.D. • Third Solution: Outer Petosiris Zodiac (P1): August 2, 1667 A.D. Inner Petosiris Zodiac (P2): April 2, 1714 A.D. 9. Ramses VI Zodiac (RS): • First Solution: February 4–5, 1289 A.D. • Second Solution: February 20–21, 1586 A.D. Notice that, although there are three final solutions possible dates for the Petosiris zodiacs, all of them are late medieval dates. It is estimated by Egyptologists that the burial tradition in the Valleys of the Kings lasted for about 400–500 years 1 . Based on our astronomical dating of the zodiacs from the tombs, this period should be shorten to about 250–300 years. On the other hand, the epoch these burials should be shifted in time much closer to the present times. Conclusion: We can claim with high probability that the events of the pharaohs epoch described in “ancient” history of Egypt took place not many thousand years before the Christian era, but during the epoch from the 11th to 15th centuries A.D. That means, “only” 400–1000 years ago. However, in the case of the great Egyptian temples, the dates encoded in the zodiacs indicate the epoch from the end of the 12th century till beginning of the 15th century A.D. 1 See [180]. 9.2 Stability of the Obtained Dates 275 9.2 Stability of the Obtained Dates The most important property of the obtained from the Egyptian zodiacs dates is their stability. Firstly, all the astronomical solutions for the main horoscopes are “locally stable,” i.e. for a given main horoscope, small modifications of its decoding did not cause any change of the calculated solution. We made sure to verify that for every considered variant of decoding, all the preliminary solutions remained stable for reasonable variations of the initial data, based on the reasonable interpretations of the zodiac. The admissible intervals for the planetary positions were always indicated with a large margin. In the case one planetary figure was standing next to another one, and their order didn’t seem to be definite, all their possible configurations were always included in the initial data. In other words, at this stage of the astronomical dating, we tried not to miss even one preliminary solution for any reasonable interpretation of the considered variant of decoding. Secondly, all the obtained final astronomical solutions are also “stable in large,” i.e. even significant variations of decoding of the zodiac did not result in occurrence of any other final solution for this zodiac. In particular, this was exactly the case with the two Denderah and two Esna zodiacs. On these zodiacs the symbolism of the partial horoscopes was particularly plentiful, and it was very useful to eliminate all random solutions. In our opinion, all the complete solutions for the zodiacs from the Egyptian temples, are highly reliable and we are strongly convinced about their correctness. In addition, the obtained pairs of the dates for the Denderah and the Esna temples, indicate almost the same period of time. In the case of the Denderah zodiacs, the difference between the calculated dates was 17 years, while for the Esna zodiacs it was only 10 years. It is impossible to claim that such close distributions of the dates occured two times randomly. The basis for the reliability of the obtained dates, for other, less splendorous, zodiacs relies on the fact that their designs were “linked” with other zodiacs. We had two such pairs of zodiacs, which were found in the same tomb: the Athribis and Petosiris zodiacs. In the case of Brugsch’s zodiac, we there were three horoscopes encoded into one design. In such cases, the link between the related dates provided us with a highly reliable criterium to eliminate all the pairs of random solutions. There is a high probability, that the obtained in this way the final solution indicates the real dates encoded in the zodiacs. Notice that all the dates for the Egyptian zodiacs are medieval. There is no way, they can be explain in the frames of Scaliger’s chronology. If our computations simply resulted in “random” dates, why we didn’t get any “random” date from the earlier epoch, for example, around the first century A.D. We are sure such a result would be welcome by Egyptologists, who persistently relay on Scaliger’s chronology, but this is not the case. Notice that all the obtained dates belong to the time
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It is commonly believed that 3000 y
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Preface We are all aware that histo
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Contents 1 The Problems of Historic
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CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
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Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
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”... the Christian chronographers
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Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
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We would like to point out a very i
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“... the same time intervals whic
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are given in contemporary literatur
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he conducted a mathematical and sta
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However, all these pecularities dis
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1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
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the identifications made by F. Pete
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VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
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The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
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−1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
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Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
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The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
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2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
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Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
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Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
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Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
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Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
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Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
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Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
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2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
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As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Figure 3.15: Brugsch’s zodiac wit
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Chapter 4 New Approach to Decoding
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Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
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Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
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4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
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Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
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Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
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Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
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Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
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Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
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5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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their huge work was made by N.A. Mo
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In order to explain this answer, le
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Figure 5.33: Egyptian “gods”
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of Mars during the first stage, and
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of Venus, as a lioness, is more com
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Figure 5.44: Planets on the Inner P
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Figure 5.48: The god Janus on a Rom
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Midnight Culminating Constellation
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
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Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
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the wings on each side (see Figure
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Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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is the sitting child with a hand ne
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ecause Saturn moves very slowly, wh
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Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
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However, still it is possible to de
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In this way, the daily rotation of
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Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
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meaning of the ancient astronomical
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6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
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(2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
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6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
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Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
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152 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
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Chapter 8 The Dates Shown on the Zo
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Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
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8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
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Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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scope, it would be a mistake to con
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we found out that the symbolism of
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Page 237 and 238: 8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
Page 239 and 240: 8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
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Page 243 and 244: Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Page 247 and 248: that all these three solutions are
Page 249 and 250: 8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
Page 251 and 252: Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
Page 253 and 254: Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
Page 255 and 256: 8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
Page 257 and 258: Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
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Page 261 and 262: On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
Page 263 and 264: Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
Page 265 and 266: and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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Page 269 and 270: 5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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Page 273 and 274: ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
Page 275 and 276: 8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
Page 281: • SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
Page 286 and 287: 276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
Page 289 and 290: Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
Page 291 and 292: BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
Page 293: [173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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