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where the hidden dates were encoded inside the horoscopes. We find these dates and let them speak for themselves. We are using here the results that were obtained by A.T. Fomenko and G.V. Nosovsky, and were published in Russia in 2001 (see [114]). However, it is not a translation of the original Russian book, but it is a different presentation of the same material with many new illustrations and some new results obtained recently. We do not require from the reader any mathematical background or astronomical knowledge. All the information necessary for a complete understanding of the problem and the methods presented in this book is included and carefully explained. We also provide our readers with the tools to conduct their further independent research. The special software used for the computations of the dates on the Egyptian zodiacs and high resolution images of the Egyptian zodiacs, are available form the web sites listed in this book. All the technicalities are separated from the main text and placed in Appendixes. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude to Professor Y.V. Tatarinov from Moscow State University for his help in collecting material about the Egyptian zodiacs. Special thanks go to Mane Leung, who created the Windows interface for the program HOROS, which was used for the dating of the zodiacs presented in this book. We are also thankful to our colleagues from the Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at the University of Alberta, for their interest and support, in particular: Jack Macki, John Bowman, Jacques Carrière and Oksana Kotovych. We would like to thank Florin Diacu from Vicoria Unversity for his sugestons and comments. Special thanks go to Veronica and Karma Krawcewicz and Maria Marsh for their help with the proofreading of the manuscript. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to all the people who were helping and supporting us during the work on this book, including Alexander Orlov, Grazyna Krawcewicz, Jules de Tibeiro, Dragos Hrimiuc, Timothy Taylor, and many others.
Contents 1 The Problems of Historical Chronology 1 1.1 Creation of the Contemporary Chronology of the Ancient Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Who were the Critics of Scaliger’s Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Questionable Authenticity of the Fundamental “Ancient” Manuscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Medieval Anachronisms and Measuring Time in the Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5 The Chronology of the Biblical Manuscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.6 Vowels in Ancient Manuscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’s Almagest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.7.1 Coordinate System used in the Almagest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.7.2 North Star as the First Star of the Catalogue Almagest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.7.3 Statistical Analysis of the Star Catalogue Almagest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.8 Peculiarities in Development of Ancient Astronomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.9 Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Dating Events of Ancient History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs 29 2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating of Egyptian Zodiacs. Why Egyptologists Avoid Astronomical Dating of Egyptian Zodiacs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.3 Our New Approach to Dating Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.4 Pictures of Egyptian Zodiacs used for Dating in this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3 Previous Attempts of Astronomical Dating of Egyptian Zodiacs 53 3.1 History of Dating of the Denderah Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.2 Two Esna Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.3 Athribis Zodiacs Discovered by Flinders Petrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.5 Astronomical Dating of Zodiacs by Egyptologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4 New Approach to Decoding of Egyptian Zodiacs 67 4.1 New Approach to Decoding of Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.2 Equinox and Solstice Points on Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomical Pictures of the Whole Year Containing the Main Date . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.4 Dating of Egyptian Zodiacs with Equal Treatment of all Admissible Decodings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zodiacs and New Complete Decoding 75 5.1 Symbols of Constellations on Egyptian Zodiacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.1.1 Aries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.1.2 Taurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.1.3 Gemini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.1.4 Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.1.5 Leo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.1.6 Virgo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.1.7 Libra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.1.8 Scorpio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.1.9 Sagittarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 v
Page 1: It is commonly believed that 3000 y
Page 5: Preface We are all aware that histo
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS vii 6.11 Best Points for t
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 The Problems of Historica
Page 13 and 14: ”... the Christian chronographers
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.4: Newton’s “The Chron
Page 17 and 18: We would like to point out a very i
Page 19 and 20: “... the same time intervals whic
Page 21 and 22: are given in contemporary literatur
Page 23 and 24: he conducted a mathematical and sta
Page 25 and 26: However, all these pecularities dis
Page 27 and 28: 1.7 Controversy over the Ptolemy’
Page 29 and 30: the identifications made by F. Pete
Page 31 and 32: VOLUME Maximum 1 1584 1585 1586 Max
Page 33 and 34: The Holy Roman-German Empire (911-1
Page 35 and 36: 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1.9
Page 37 and 38: −1700 1.9 Mathematical and Statis
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 2 Ancient Egyptian Zodiacs
Page 41 and 42: The Egyptian zodiacs contained spec
Page 43 and 44: 2.1 Egyptian Zodiacs 33 Figure 2.6:
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.9: Photograph of a fragmen
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.11: Entrance to the Dender
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.16: The “Small Esna Temp
Page 51 and 52: 2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
Page 53 and 54: 2.2 Problem of Astronomical Dating
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.26: Photo of an Egyptian z
Page 57 and 58:
Round Denderah zodiac. In Figure 2.
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 2.35: A fragment of the Long
Page 61 and 62:
2.5 Our Abbreviations for Egyptian
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Chapter 3 Previous Attempts of Astr
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Figure 3.2: The original table with
Page 67 and 68:
As the picture of the Long zodiac,
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to be unique on the whole historica
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zodiacs is 98 years, so they could
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3.4 Brugsch’s Zodiac 63 Figure 3.
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Figure 3.15: Brugsch’s zodiac wit
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Chapter 4 New Approach to Decoding
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Figure 4.2: Fragment of the Long De
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Figure 4.8: Two symbols of “meeti
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4.3 Egyptian Zodiacs as Astronomica
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Chapter 5 Symbolism on Egyptian Zod
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Figure 5.3: Representations of Taur
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Figure 5.9: Nonalignment of Cancer
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5.1.6 Virgo Now, we move to the nex
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Figure 5.16: Representations of Cap
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5.2 Symbols of Decans and Principal
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Figure 5.20: Enlarged fragment of t
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5.4 Planetary Symbols of the Main H
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their huge work was made by N.A. Mo
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In order to explain this answer, le
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Figure 5.33: Egyptian “gods”
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of Mars during the first stage, and
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of Venus, as a lioness, is more com
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Figure 5.44: Planets on the Inner P
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Figure 5.48: The god Janus on a Rom
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Midnight Culminating Constellation
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pearance. For example, some planeta
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Let us resume that in this partial
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Figure 5.64: Visible (marked in lig
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5.8 Symbols of Equinoxes and Solsti
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Figure 5.69: Figure of Sagittarius
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the wings on each side (see Figure
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Figure 5.75: The fringe of figures
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is the sitting child with a hand ne
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ecause Saturn moves very slowly, wh
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Chapter 6 Method of Astronomical De
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However, still it is possible to de
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In this way, the daily rotation of
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Zodiacal Interval on the ecliptic C
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meaning of the ancient astronomical
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6.7.3 Step 3: Validation of Dates B
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(2) Yellow - Symbols of the Planets
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6.11 Best Points for the Planets an
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Later, in the subsequent chapters,
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7.1 Denderah and Esna Zodiacs as Pa
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152 7 The Dates Shown on the Monume
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Chapter 8 The Dates Shown on the Zo
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Figure 8.1: Flinders Petrie drawing
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8.1 The Athribis Zodiacs of Flinder
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Code Jupiter Saturn Mars A1 1 3 4 A
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scope, it would be a mistake to con
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we found out that the symbolism of
Page 233 and 234:
• Mercury — in the middle of Aq
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points appear only in the fringe of
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8.1.12 Conclusions Our astronomical
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8.2 Brugsch’s Zodiac 229 Figure 8
Page 241 and 242:
The file containing the input data
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Figure 8.11: The Color Thebes Zodia
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Let us look again at the figures st
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that all these three solutions are
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8.3.6 Conclusion: the Date Encoded
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Figure 8.15: Plans of the of the Pe
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Figure 8.18: The zodiac from the in
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8.4 Two Zodiacs from the Petosiris
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Figure 8.21: Murals inside the Peto
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Figure 8.25: Fragment of murals ins
Page 261 and 262:
On the zodiac (P1) the order of the
Page 263 and 264:
Figure 8.29: Color Annotated Inner
Page 265 and 266:
and Saturn. Let us recall that the
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(1) A figure of an eye with wings,
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5) Variant P60: Clustered Central C
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200 1.0 11.0 8.0 2.5 1.0 6.0 ------
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ORDER OF PLANETS ON THE ECLIPTIC: J
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8.5 Dating of the Zodiac from the T
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Page 279 and 280:
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• SUN — in Aquarius, Capricorn,
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9.1 General Picture of the Dates on
Page 286 and 287:
276 9 Summary of the Astronomical D
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Bibliography [1] Fomenko, T. N., As
Page 291 and 292:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 s priloжeniem “
Page 293:
[173] V.V. Kalaxnikov, G.V. Hosovsk
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