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202 7 The Dates Shown on the Monumental Zodiacs in the Denderah and Esna Temples<br />

diac, the area <strong>of</strong> this partial horoscope is extended up to<br />

the figure <strong>of</strong> Sagittarius (see Figures 7.41 and 7.42).<br />

We begin with the upper row in that fragment <strong>of</strong> the zodiac.<br />

Notice the symbol <strong>of</strong> the spring equinox — a figure<br />

sitting on a podium marked with a diagonal cross. It is<br />

located right above Pisces. Around that symbol we find<br />

the figures <strong>of</strong> the minimal partial horoscope, i.e. Mercury<br />

and Venus (see Figure 7.42). Of course, Venus and Mercury<br />

always appear near the proximity <strong>of</strong> the Sun, so this<br />

information has no real value for the verification <strong>of</strong> admissible<br />

solutions.<br />

In the middle row <strong>of</strong> this area <strong>of</strong> the zodiac we find many<br />

figures belonging to the partial horoscope. Between the<br />

symbols <strong>of</strong> Pisces and Aquarius there is a male figure.<br />

It has two faces and holds a snake. These attributes are<br />

typical for Mercury (see subsections 5.4.9 and 5.4.10). It<br />

is an indication that Mercury on the spring equinox day<br />

was located either in Pisces or in Aquarius.<br />

In between the symbols <strong>of</strong> Aquarius and Sagittarius, there<br />

is shown a gathering <strong>of</strong> planetary figures standing on<br />

boats or snakes. There are exactly six such figures in<br />

this location. On the color annotated zodiac (see Figure<br />

7.42), all these figures are marked in green, because<br />

most probably they indicate a supplementary astronomical<br />

scene. In fact, there are too many planetary symbols<br />

for just one partial horoscope. On the other hand, and this<br />

is important, all the planetary symbols from the partial<br />

horoscopes are shown in the middle row without pull-out<br />

attributes. Since the planets <strong>of</strong> the main horoscope are<br />

shown in the bottom row, there is no need for using special<br />

symbols to distinguish them form the planetary symbols<br />

<strong>of</strong> the partial horoscopes. The same arrangement was<br />

also used in the case <strong>of</strong> the Big Esna zodiac. Nevertheless,<br />

all the figures in this astronomical scene (except one<br />

small male figure located under the left end <strong>of</strong> Capricorn)<br />

are placed on pull-out symbols <strong>of</strong> snakes or boats.<br />

In the upper part <strong>of</strong> this scene, we see three figures placed<br />

on a long snake. The fist one is a walking male figure with<br />

jackal’s head, followed by another male figure with a disc<br />

replacing its head, and the last figure is shown in a sitting<br />

position. It is possible that this is a symbolic representation<br />

<strong>of</strong> a half-revolution <strong>of</strong> Mercury around the Sun.<br />

Indeed, it could symbolize Mercury that was visible, then<br />

when it disappeared behind the Sun, and finally when<br />

it came to rest (the sitting position), before it begins to<br />

move backward towards the Sun. This is exactly how the<br />

real motion <strong>of</strong> Mercury appears on the sky.<br />

Under the snake, there is a large male figure in a horizontal<br />

position. It is also standing on a snake. On its right,<br />

there is a small female figure on a boat — probably a<br />

representation <strong>of</strong> Venus. Further to the right and slightly<br />

down, there is a male figure with cat’s or lion’s head. It<br />

walks in the opposite to the other figure direction (i.e.<br />

to the left). We can conclude, that in this supplementary<br />

scene, three other planets were also involved, among them<br />

Venus.<br />

In summary, in this supplementary scene, there are shown<br />

four planets, among them Venus and Mercury. Since this<br />

configuration <strong>of</strong> planets is located between Aquarius and<br />

Capricorn, the Sun at that time was either in Aquarius<br />

or Capricorn. That means, this astronomical event<br />

took place in January or February. Let us point out that<br />

this scene appears next to the symbol <strong>of</strong> Aquarius, right<br />

above the aquarian bracket in the bottom row. As we conjectured<br />

it earlier (see subsection 5.1.11), the symbol <strong>of</strong><br />

Aquarius was probably a representation <strong>of</strong> John the Baptist.<br />

Let us notice that on January 6, according to Julian<br />

calendar, the Christian Church celebrates Epiphany,<br />

which is one <strong>of</strong> its oldest festival commemorating Baptism<br />

<strong>of</strong> Jesus Christ. It is interesting to check if on this particular<br />

day, indicated by the astronomical solution, there<br />

were indeed four planets in the proximity <strong>of</strong> the Sun. In<br />

our check-up list we will reserve a spacial place for this<br />

supplementary scene.<br />

Let us return to the partial horoscope <strong>of</strong> the spring<br />

equinox. In the middle row there is only one figure left<br />

about which we didn’t comment anything yet. It is a male<br />

figure holding a stick with a high ornament on his head.<br />

Clearly, it indicates one more planet <strong>of</strong> the partial horoscope<br />

which was either located between Capricorn and<br />

Sagittarius.<br />

In the bottom row there are no symbols <strong>of</strong> partial horoscopes.<br />

In this way we have obtained the following decoding <strong>of</strong> the<br />

partial horoscope <strong>of</strong> the spring equinox: Mercury, which<br />

was in Pisces or Aquarius, Venus, and one more planet<br />

located in Capricorn.<br />

[D] Partial Horoscope <strong>of</strong> the Summer Solstice: The Sun<br />

on the summer solstice day was usually shown on the<br />

Egyptian <strong>zodiacs</strong> in Gemini (see subsection 5.8.4). On<br />

the Small zodiac, the symbol <strong>of</strong> the summer solstice is<br />

located in the upper row above Gemini. It is a figure <strong>of</strong> a<br />

cobra with upright fore body, standing on a podium (see<br />

Figure 7.42) located in between two sitting female figures<br />

(the shapes <strong>of</strong> female breast can be easily distinguished).<br />

The female figure on the left holds a typical planetary<br />

walking stick. The other sitting female figure, the one on<br />

the right from the summer solstice symbol, holds in her<br />

hand an object resembling a loop in a shape <strong>of</strong> an eye.<br />

There are three wavy lines marked across this object. It<br />

is clear that it is a representation <strong>of</strong> Venus.<br />

A little further to the right, there is an accumulation <strong>of</strong><br />

snakes, snakes with wings and a bird. Similar symbols<br />

were also present in the summer solstice area on the Big<br />

zodiac (on the left from Gemini). Among those symbols<br />

we are able to recognize only one planetary symbol. It is<br />

a two-headed snake representing Mercury. In this way, in

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