Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.pdf

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APPENDIX E - SOIL USE LIMITATIONS The following table is a summarization of soil use limitations identified on the NRCS website. This table is intended to help those planning to do earthmoving within the Commonwealth as well as plan designers to become aware of potential hazards that could arise if these soil use limitations are not incorporated into the overall design of the project. Earthmovers and designers are encouraged to consult the NRCS website for additional information about soil limitations and possible remedies. The Department acknowledges that soil characteristics can and do vary from one location to another. However, a survey of the characteristics described by the NRCS website for the soils in each county found them to be remarkably similar from one county to another. In fact, the limitations varied little from county to county. Obviously, the potential for sinkhole development is pertinent to the areas of Pennsylvania affected by karst topography. Some soils considered prime farmland in some locations are listed as poor sources of topsoil in others. Soils with slope stability problems are more pertinent in areas with steeper terrain. Otherwise, the limitations are fairly consistent. The information contained in this table as well as that on the NRCS website is most valuable when used as an indicator. It should not be used instead of an on-site investigation. Rather, it should be used to guide such investigations into areas where more data is required, such as wetland determinations, subsurface drilling and sampling, etc. A quick overview of the limitations reveals some important facts: 1. Every soil in Pennsylvania has significant limitations that need to be addressed in the overall design of any project. Not all limitations will affect every project, but every project will be affected by some limitations. 2. Virtually all Pennsylvania soils (92% of those listed) are susceptible to caving of cut banks. It is imperative that appropriate precautions be taken to safeguard workers during all trenching and excavation operations. All applicable OSHA standards and regulations must be implemented at all times. 3. The vast majority of Pennsylvania soils are corrosive to concrete (82%), uncoated steel (67%), or both. Suitable precautions should be taken to protect all underground pipes, conduits, and storage tanks. 4. Most soils (64%) have relatively shallow depths to saturated zones and/or seasonal high water tables. Unless on-site data indicates otherwise, it should be assumed that excavations into these soils will encounter water and appropriate means provided to handle that water. 5. Most of Pennsylvania’s soils (73%) have a relatively low strength. Precautions should be taken to prevent slope failures due to improper construction practices such as over-steepening and overloading of slopes, removal of lateral support, and failure to prevent saturation of slopes. Setbacks should comply with the standards contained in Chapter 16 unless it can be shown that proposed cuts and fills do not pose a hazard to public safety or to surface waters. Also, road fill material will likely need to be imported in areas where soils have low strength. 6. Most of the soils in Pennsylvania (86%) have zones within their profile with slow infiltration rates. Soil tests are strongly recommended for infiltration BMPs proposed as part of a PCSM plan. See Appendix A of Pennsylvania’s Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual for additional guidance. 7. Two thirds (68%) of Pennsylvania soils are poor sources of topsoil — at least in some locales. Many have problems with being droughty or too wet. Soil tests are strongly recommended to determine the proper application of soil amendments to promote the growth of the desired vegetation. Wherever soils that are fair or good sources of topsoil may exist on a site, they should 363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Page 400
e carefully preserved and stored for later use in restoration. The final design should also address the proper moisture content for the proposed vegetative cover. 8. Frost action is also a serious problem in Pennsylvania (86% of the soils susceptible). Precautions are needed to prevent damage, especially to roadways. 9. Although other limitations, such as shrink-swell and potential sinkholes are found in relatively small percentages of our soils, they tend to be concentrated and therefore quite common in certain regions of the state. For a more comprehensive list of soil limitations, please log onto the NRCS website at: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx . TABLE E.1 LIMITATIONS OF PENNSYLVANIA SOILS PERTAINING TO EARTHMOVING PROJECTS (Absence of an X does not mean “No Potential Limitation”) NOTE: THIS IS NOT NECESSARILY AN ALL-INCLUSIVE LIST. SOIL NAME CUTBANKS CAVE CORROSIVE TO CONCRETE\STEEL DROUGHTY EASILY ERODIBLE FLOODING DEPTH TO SATURATED ZONE/ SEASONAL HIGH WATER TABLE HYDRIC/ HYDRIC INCLUSIONS LOW STRENGTH / LANDSLIDE PRONE SLOW PERCOLATION PIPING POOR SOURCE OF TOPSOIL 363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Page 401 FROST ACTION SHRINK - SWELL POTENTIAL SINKHOLE PONDING Abbottstown X C/S X X X X X X X X X Aeric Epiaquents X C/S X X X X X X Albrights X C/S X X X X X X X X X X Alden X C/S X X X X X X X X X X Aldino X C/S X X X X X X Allegheny X C X X X X X X X Allenwood X C/S X X X X X X Allis X X X X X X X X X X X Alluvial Land X C/S X X X X X X X X X Alton X C X X X X Alvira X C/S X X X X X X X X X X Amwell X C/S X X X X X X X Andover X C/S X X X X X X X X X X Aquepts X C/S X X X X X X X X X Aquults X C/S X X X X X X X X X Arents X Arendtsville X C X X X X X X X Armagh X C/S X X X X X X X X X Arnot X C X X X X X X Ashton X X X X X Atherton X S X X X X X X X X X Athol X C X X X X X Atkins X C/S X X X X X X X X X Bagtown X C X X X X X X Baile X C/S X X X X X X X X X X X Barbour X C X X X X X X X Basher X C/S X X X X X X X X X WETNESS
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EROSION AND SEDIMENT POLLUTION CONT
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FOREWORD The various Best Managemen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ...
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Waterbars .........................
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Table Number Name Page 11.4 Recomme
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Figure Number Name Page 7.7 Graphic
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Numbe
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CHECKLISTS, STANDARD E&S WORKSHEETS
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are cases where sheet flow has occu
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is replaced following earthmoving,
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CHAPTER 1 - REQUIRED E&S PLAN CONTE
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topography of the site should be in
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efore earth disturbance occurs with
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is classified as High Quality (HQ)
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install the proposed perimeter BMPs
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detail(s) for the specific BMP. In
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CHAPTER 3 - SITE ACCESS This chapte
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ROCK CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE WITH WAS
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RUMBLE PAD Pre-constructed rumble p
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3 feet should be avoided wherever p
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WATERBAR - Sediment Removal Efficie
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BROAD-BASED DIP - Sediment Removal
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USDA Forest Service STANDARD CONSTR
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DITCH RELIEF CULVERT (Cross Drains)
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TURNOUT - Sediment Removal Efficien
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #3-11
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3. Temporary bridges should be inst
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PA DEP STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
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WETLAND CROSSING Wetland crossings
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Adapted from PA DEP GP-8 FIGURE 3.8
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FIGURE 3.10 Rigid or Flexible Pipe
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PA DEP FIGURE 3.12 In-stream Coffer
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EARTHWORK WITHIN LAKES AND PONDS NO
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FIGURE 3.15 Turbidity Barrier Insta
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DEWATERING WORK AREAS - Wherever wa
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(Additional Notes for Standard Cons
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SITE HOUSEKEEPING AND MATERIALS MAN
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Prefabricated Washout Containers Ca
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CHAPTER 4 - SEDIMENT BARRIERS AND F
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The maximum slope length above a co
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #4-1 C
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COMPOST FILTER BERM - Sediment Remo
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Installation - Compost filter berms
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-4
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ROCK FILTER OUTLET - Sediment Remov
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York County Conservation District 3
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Wherever there is a break or change
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A chain link fence should be instal
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SEDIMENT FILTER LOG (FIBER LOG) - S
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WOOD CHIP FILTER BERM - Sediment Re
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STRAW BALE BARRIER - Sediment Remov
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NRCS FIGURE 4.4 Straw Bale Barrier
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A one foot thick layer of AASHTO #5
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The total width of the filter strip
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INLET FILTER BAG - Sediment Removal
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Adapted from Maine DEP Maximum drai
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TABLE 5.1 Pennsylvania Rainfall by
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LAND USE < 2% TABLE 5.2 Runoff Coef
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TR-55 Shallow Concentrated Flow Tha
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Figure 5.2 - RAINFALL REGION MAP A
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Figure 5.6 - RAINFALL REGION MAP E
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TABLE 5.6 5-Minute through 24-Hour
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TABLE 5.8 5-Minute through 24-Hour
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Drainage Area (A) - Determine the d
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Determination of Time of Concentrat
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CHAPTER 6 - RUNOFF CONVEYANCE BMPs
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DESIGN PROCEDURE 1. Calculate the r
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TABLE 6.3 Manning’s “n” for T
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National Technical Information Serv
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TABLE 6.6 Riprap Gradation, Filter
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TABLE 6.9 Recommended n Values to b
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TABLE 6.10 Maximum Permissible Velo
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It should be noted that Guernsey si
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Channel #1 (Diversion Channel) on W
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Channel #1 Segments “A” and “
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No more than one third of the shoot
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Stackhouse Bensinger, Inc. STANDARD
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Adapted from North Carolina DENR ST
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TEMPORARY SLOPE PIPE - Temporary sl
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BENCH - Benches (a.k.a. gradient te
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CHAPTER 7 - SEDIMENT BASINS DESIGN
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14. The discharge from a sediment b
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Adapted from VA SWCC PA DEP FIGURE
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Develop a Stage Storage Curve. Use
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Sediment shall be removed from the
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FIGURE 7.2 Skimmer Orifice Design C
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The principal spillway should be an
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Adapted from USDA, NRCS FIGURE 7.3
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H TABLE 7.3 - PIPE FLOW CAPACITY n
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TABLE 7.4 Concrete Base Requirement
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Embedded section of aluminum or alu
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Wherever total basin dewatering is
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Riprap at toe of embankment shall b
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Head TABLE 7.6 - GRASS-LINED EMERGE
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4. Once the depth of flow through t
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Anti-seep Collar Wherever soils sus
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4. The maximum spacing between coll
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Adapted from PennDOT RC-70 STANDARD
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FILTER DIAPHRAGM Filter diaphragms
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Sediment Storage Zone Dewatering Pr
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4. Greater surface area increases t
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Barrel/Riser Sediment Trap - This d
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Accumulated sediment shall be remov
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Wherever total trap dewatering is r
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At a minimum, outlet protection sho
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CHAPTER 9 - OUTLET PROTECTION As a
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FIGURE 9.1 Velocity Adjustment Nomo
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endwall. For discharges directly in
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Adapted from USDA NRCS STANDARD CON
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Adapted from USDA - NRCS FIGURE 9.3
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Determine whether maximum or minimu
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Adapted from ScourStop FIGURE 9.5 T
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STILLING BASIN (Plunge Pool) - Stil
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Adapted from USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIG
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Using the pipe slope (V:H) determin
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ENERGY DISSIPATER Energy dissipater
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EARTHEN LEVEL SPREADER LOCATION - E
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STRUCTURAL LEVEL SPREADER LOCATION
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The E&S plan should include such in
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Wherever the slope parallels the ro
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VA SWCC FIGURE 11.1 Stair Step Grad
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TOPSOIL APPLICATION Graded areas sh
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Site conditions such as soil limita
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Species Warm-Season Grasses Deerton
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6. Use only in extreme southeastern
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Synthetic binders, or chemical bind
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EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS - There ar
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HYDRAULICALLY APPLIED BLANKETS Hydr
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PAM Specifications Anionic PAM mixt
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Adapted from VA DSWC FIGURE 11.5 So
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City of Portland, BDS FIGURE 11.6 T
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CHAPTER 13 - UTILITY LINE PROJECTS
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more viable. HDD may be considered
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #13-1
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PA DEP FIGURE 13.1 Waterbar Install
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The following points should be cons
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SKID ROADS AND SKID TRAILS The prim
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The diversion channel should have a
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PA Timber Harvesting Packet FIGURE
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CHAPTER 15 - STREAMBANK STABILIZATI
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Figure 15.1 Riprap Streambank Prote
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GABIONS and Reno mattress have been
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PA DEP FIGURE 15.4 Reno Mattress St
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Adapted from VA DSWC FIGURE 15.5 Gr
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MISCELLANEOUS HARD ARMOR TECHNIQUES
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Natural colonization by surrounding
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INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Prepare the
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Branchpacking is the alternating of
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Fabric encapsulated soil is often u
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Fiber rolls, or coir logs, are cyli
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CHAPTER 16 - GRADING STANDARDS PA D
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CHAPTER 17 - AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCE
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Adapted from USDA NRCS FIGURE 17.2
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Adapted from USDA NRCS FIGURE 17.4
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enter the Act 2 Program, which is a
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No RECOMMENDED PROCESS FOR SITES WI
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Common Contaminants of Concern: Two
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Structural (Stabilization) Erosion
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ii. The siting and function of any
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SPECIAL PROTECTION WATERSHEDS Sourc
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impacts, including suitability of g
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SLOPE FAILURES PA DEP The Problem I
Page 369 and 370: TABLE 17.1 PROCESSES LEADING TO LAN
Page 371 and 372: GEOTHERMAL WELL DRILLING Source Unk
Page 373 and 374: Well (or Total Well Field) Flows Gr
Page 375 and 376: Project: COMPLETE PLAN CHECKLIST A.
Page 377 and 378: STANDARD E&S CONTROL PLAN TECHNICAL
Page 379 and 380: “A maintenance program, which pro
Page 381 and 382: Complies Deficient N/A Hydric soils
Page 383 and 384: Complies Deficient N/A Removal of t
Page 385 and 386: Complies Deficient N/A Standard E&S
Page 387 and 388: Sediment Traps (Chapter 8) Complies
Page 389 and 390: Permanent Stabilization Topsoil rep
Page 391 and 392: APPENDIX B - STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET
Page 393 and 394: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET #2 Compost F
Page 395 and 396: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 4 Reinforc
Page 397 and 398: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 6 Super Si
Page 399 and 400: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 8 Rock Fil
Page 401 and 402: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 10 Rationa
Page 403 and 404: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 12 Sedimen
Page 405 and 406: E L E V A T I O N (FT) STANDARD E&S
Page 407 and 408: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 16 Sedimen
Page 409 and 410: BASIN NO. TEMP. OR PERM. Y (FT) Z S
Page 411 and 412: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 20 Riprap
Page 413 and 414: STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 22 PLAN PR
Page 415 and 416: 15. Until the site is stabilized, a
Page 417 and 418: APPENDIX D - STANDARDS FOR MAPS AND
Page 419: PLAN DRAWINGS Each bit of informati
Page 423 and 424: SOIL NAME CUTBANKS CAVE CORROSIVE T
Page 431 and 432: ROUGHNESS ELEMENT DISSIPATER - This
Page 433 and 434: 2. Determine Discharge Velocity (VO
Page 435 and 436: From Figure F.8, VA/VO = 1.05 VA =
Page 437 and 438: Yo / D FIGURE F.4 Dimensionless Rat
Page 439 and 440: USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIGURE F.6 Flow
Page 441 and 442: FIGURE F.8 Average Velocity in Abru
Page 443 and 444: FIGURE F.10 Average Depth for Abrup
Page 445 and 446: FIGURE F.12 Riprap Size for Use Dow
Page 447 and 448: EXAMPLE - Given: Circular Concrete
Page 449 and 450: USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIGURE F.14 Impa
Page 451 and 452: designed to discharge all anticipat
Page 453 and 454: Figure G.1. Convex Contours and Slo
Page 455 and 456: Figure G.2. Turf Reinforcement Mat
Page 457 and 458: c. For subsurface discharge level s
Page 459 and 460: asin/trap, it should be off-line du
Page 461 and 462: Design to Avoid Downstream Erosion
Page 463 and 464: Down Slope Ground Cover Table G.2.
Page 465 and 466: VIII. OUTFALL DESIGN As previously
Page 467 and 468: Figure G.10. Rill/Gully Repair Figu
Page 469 and 470: X. SELECTED REFERENCES Pennsylvania
Page 471 and 472:
APPENDIX H - DUST CONTROL Descripti
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Table H.2. Adhesives Used for Dust
Page 475 and 476:
Tree Health Preserving trees is not
Page 477 and 478:
can have blocky aggregates. They ha
Page 479 and 480:
Site Characteristics—Site charact
Page 481 and 482:
Identify trees in need of care In t
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363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Pag
Page 485 and 486:
Use accurate information. The plan
Page 487 and 488:
The transplanting process requires
Page 489 and 490:
Protecting Trees During Constructio
Page 491 and 492:
geotextile. The plastic core is mad
Page 493 and 494:
Retain a qualified arborist to perf
Page 495 and 496:
Repairing Construction Injury The m
Page 497 and 498:
Tree Techniques Tree injury Tree li
Page 499 and 500:
Improve the aeration and drainage o
Page 501 and 502:
1995. Tree-Pruning Guidelines. (Gui
Page 503 and 504:
APPENDIX J - Publication: “Unders
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ions such as calcium, magnesium, an
Page 507 and 508:
Soil Structure Is Destroyed by Comp
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compaction in decent, fertile soils
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A Note on Organic Materials and Ame
Page 513 and 514:
Final Strategies for Dealing with C
Page 515 and 516:
This publication is available from
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363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Pag
Page 519 and 520:
Aeration -----Mixing water with air
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Aquiclude -----A geologic formation
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Bedrock----- The more or less solid
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C-Horizon -----A layer of unconsoli
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Clay -----A fine-grained cohesive s
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Where: Q = Flow volume (cfs) V = Fl
Page 531 and 532:
Cut and Cover -----A method of tren
Page 533 and 534:
Diabase -----A rock of basaltic com
Page 535 and 536:
E&S Plan -----Erosion and Sediment
Page 537 and 538:
E&S Plan -----A site-specific plan
Page 539 and 540:
Filter Fabric Fence -----A sediment
Page 541 and 542:
Frost Action (Soils) -----The likel
Page 543 and 544:
Grade -----1. The slope of a road o
Page 545 and 546:
Holding Structure -----Any excavati
Page 547 and 548:
Inlet Protection -----Type of BMP u
Page 549 and 550:
Level Spreader -----An earthen or m
Page 551 and 552:
Mesic -----Refers to environmental
Page 553 and 554:
NOI -----Notice of Intent Nominal S
Page 555 and 556:
Organic Soil -----Soil composed pre
Page 557 and 558:
Percolation Test -----A measure of
Page 559 and 560:
Pollutant -----Any contaminant or o
Page 561 and 562:
Range -----The geographic region in
Page 563 and 564:
stabilization; cutting of existing
Page 565 and 566:
Section 404 ----The section of the
Page 567 and 568:
Slope Protection -----A layer or fa
Page 569 and 570:
Stable Channel Flow -----Channel fl
Page 571 and 572:
stabilization techniques that consi
Page 573 and 574:
Terrace -----An earthen embankment
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Trench Plug -----A flow obstruction
Page 577 and 578:
Vernal Pool -----Wetlands that occu
Page 579 and 580:
Y Yellowboy -----Iron oxide deposit
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26. Filtrexx, Standard Specificatio
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86. USEPA, National Pollutant Disch
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