Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.pdf

Soil Profile -----Vertical section of soil showing the nature and sequence of the various layers through
all its horizons.
Soil Series -----A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in texture
of the surface layer or of the underlying material. All the soils of a series have horizons that are
similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soil Structure -----1. The relation of particles or groups of particles of soil that impart to the whole soil a
characteristic manner of breaking, such as crumb, block, platy, or columnar. 2. The physical
properties of different soils. Sand has little structure because sand particles do not tend to stick
together, whereas clay has a firm structure because clay particles tend to pack tightly together
to form a solid material.
Soil Survey -----A publication by the NRCS on a countywide basis containing soil maps, soil
descriptions, and tables of soil characteristics, including limitations.
Soil Texture -----A classification of soils based on the size distribution of mineral grains comprising the
soil; the relative proportions of silt, sand, clay, and gravel in a soil.
Soil Use Limitations -----Common construction, erosion control, and stabilization problems associated
with soil types that have been identified by the soil survey. See Appendix E.
Soldier Pile -----An upright pile used to hold lagging.
Solum -----The upper part of a soil profile, such as the A and B horizons.
Solute -----A substance dissolved in a solution.
SOP -----Standard Operating Procedure.
Source Control -----Action to prevent pollution where it originates.
Special Conditions to Permit -----Conditions attached to a permit by the reviewing agency that must
be adhered to by the permittee.
Special Protection Watershed -----A watershed designated as High Quality (HQ) or Exceptional Value
(EV) by Chapter 93.
Species -----A group of individuals having a common origin and a continuous breeding system; a single
kind of animal or plant.
Species Diversity -----The number of different species occurring in some location or under some
condition.
Specific Gravity -----The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of an equal volume of
distilled water at 4 O C (39 O F).
Specific Yield -----1. The ratio of water volume that will drain freely, under gravity, from a sample to the
total volume. Specific yield is always less than porosity. 2. The amount of water released from
or taken into storage per unit volume of a porous medium per unit change in head.
Specifications -----Detailed statements prescribing standards, materials, dimensions, and
workmanship for works of improvement.
Spillway -----A system of pipes, channels or both designed to convey water from an impoundment in a
controlled fashion.
Auxiliary Spillway -----An emergency spillway
Ogee Spillway -----An overflow weir which in cross-section forms an “S” or ogee curve from top
to bottom.
Primary Spillway -----The principal spillway
Service Spillway -----A principal spillway used to regulate reservoir releases additional to or
instead of the outlet.
Spiking -----A method of cultivation in which a soil tine or pointed blade penetrates the turf and soil.
Splash Erosion -----The spattering of small soil particles caused by the impact of raindrops on wet
soils.
Splash Zone -----Portion of a stream bank between the normal flow level and the high-water stage.
Spoil -----Excavated or dredged material.
Sprig -----The section of plant stem material, such as a rhizome, shoot, or stolon, used in vegetative
planting referred to a sprigging.
Spring ----- A place where water flows due to the intersection of an aquifer with the surface of the
earth.
Stabilization -----The proper placing, grading, constructing, reinforcing, lining, and covering of soil, rock
or earth to ensure its resistance to erosion, sliding or other movement.
363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Page 548