Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.pdf

C-Horizon -----A layer of unconsolidated material, relatively little affected by the influence of organisms
and presumed to be similar in chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition to the material
from which at least a portion of the overlying soil has developed.
CADD -----Computer Aided Design and Drafting, a graphics program used to design and animate systems
and structures.
Caisson -----An air- and watertight chamber used as a foundation and/or support structure for excavating
below water level; a concrete box-type structure.
Candidate Species -----Plant or animal species designated by the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as candidates for potential future listing as an Endangered Species
or Threatened Species.
Canopy -----An overhanging cover formed by leaves, needles, and branches of vegetation.
Cantilever -----The part of a structure that extends beyond its support.
Cap -----A layer of material, such as clay or synthetic material, used to prevent rainwater from penetrating
and spreading contaminated materials; the surface of the cap is typically mounded or sloped so
water will drain off.
Capillary water -----Water just above the water table that is drawn up out of an aquifer due capillary
action of the soil.
Capture -----1. Diversion of the flow of water in the upper part of a stream or watershed by the headward
growth of another stream. 2. Diversion of runoff from one drainage area to another due to
earthmoving activities or construction of stormwater systems.
Cascade Flow -----Regulated flow through a series of flow control structures.
Cased Hole -----An excavation whose sides are lined or sheeted.
Casing -----A liner inserted into a borehole or well to prevent collapse, seal off undesirable groundwater
sources, and provide a convenient way to cap the well.
Cast-in-Place -----Pouring concrete in place, on-site instead of off-site as pre-cast material.
Catch Basin -----1. A chamber usually built at the curb line of a street, for the admission of surface water
to a storm sewer or subdrain, having at its base a sediment sump designed to retain grit and
detritus below the point of overflow. 2. A sieve-like device at the entrance to a storm sewer to stop
debris that could possibly block up the sewer.
Catchment -----1. An area confined by drainage divides, usually having only one stream flow outlet;
watershed. 2. A reservoir or other basin for catching water.
Category I -----A type of PASPGP-4 permit which does not require involvement by the ACOE.
Category II -----A type of PASPGP-4 permit which requires an opportunity for the ACOE to review and
comment.
Category III -----A type of PASPGP-4 permit which requires review and approval by the ACOE.
Causeway -----A raised roadway constructed in or across a watercourse or wetland. (See Figure 3.8)
Caving -----1. The collapse of a stream bank due to undercutting, i.e. wearing away of the toe or an
erodible soil layer above the toe. 2. The collapse of a trench due to unfavorable soil conditions and
the lack of shoring.
CCD -----County conservation district.
Cellular Block Mattress -----Regularly cavitated interconnected concrete blocks placed directly on a
streambank or filter to prevent erosion. The cavities can permit bank drainage and the growth of
either volunteer or planted vegetation when synthetic filter fabric is not used between the mattress
and bank.
Cellular Concrete -----Lightweight, low-density concrete that holds trapped air.
Cellular Confinement System ----- A honeycomb-like structure of cells, typically of geosynthetic material,
that can be filled with a variety of materials to protect and stabilize a surface from the erosive
effects of wind and/or water.
Center-to-Center (CTC) -----Measurement that goes from the centerline of one object to the centerline of
another
Central Office -----1. The Rachel Carson State Office Building in Harrisburg; 2. DEP staff working out of
the State Office in Harrisburg (Note: Some Central Office staff are located in other DEP offices
around the state.)
Central Sewage -----A sewerage system consisting of pipes, lateral lines, trunk lines, or mains, which
convey waste to a facility that provides treatment for final disposal. This term does not included
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