Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.pdf

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following individuals and organizations participated in developing this manual. Participation does not infer concurrence or endorsement of the manual or its contents. E & S Manual Oversight Committee: Barbara Beshore, PA DEP Robert Cadwallader, P.E., PA DEP Douglas W. Caylor, P.E., PA DEP James R. Coslo, Jr., Centre County Conservation District Chris Droste, Westmoreland Conservation District Brent Hilderbrand, Butler Conservation District Karl Kaerchner, Lebanon County Conservation District Mark Lonergan, PA DEP Brian Mackowski, PA DEP Jeffrey McKenna, Montgomery County Conservation District Jeffry Means, P.E., PA DEP Domenic Rocco, P.E., PA DEP Darl Rosenquest, P.E., P.G., PA DEP Bryon Ruhl, Berks County Conservation District Darrell Smeal, PA DEP Dennis Stum, P.E., PA DEP Christy Zulli, Schuylkill Conservation District Special thanks to Stackhouse Bensinger, Inc. of Sinking Spring, PA for providing detail drawings for the Standard Construction Details contained in this manual and also to Britt Faucette of Filtrexx International for providing compost standards and details for compost filter socks. In addition, thanks to Assistant Professor William Elmendorf of The Pennsylvania State University for granting permission to include his publications regarding preservation and planting of trees on construction sites as appendices to this manual. Finally, thank you to all who by their comments and suggestions helped make this manual better. 363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................ iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1 - Required E&S Plan Content .......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Best Management Practice (BMP) Sequencing ............................................................. 8 Chapter 3 - Site Access ................................................................................................................... 13 Rock Construction Entrance....................................................................................................... 13 Rock Construction Entrance with Wash Rack ............................................................................ 15 Rumble Pad ............................................................................................................................... 17 Wheel Wash .............................................................................................................................. 17 Temporary and Permanent Access Roads ................................................................................. 18 Waterbar .................................................................................................................................... 21 Broad-based Dip ........................................................................................................................ 23 Open-top Culvert ........................................................................................................................ 26 Water Deflector .......................................................................................................................... 28 Roadside Ditch........................................................................................................................... 30 Ditch Relief Culvert .................................................................................................................... 31 Turnout ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Compost Sock Sediment Trap ................................................................................................... 34 Temporary Stream and Wetland Crossings ................................................................................ 36 Stream Crossing ............................................................................................................. 36 Wetland Crossing ........................................................................................................... 41 Earthwork within Stream Channels ............................................................................................ 42 Earthwork within Lakes and Ponds ............................................................................................ 49 Turbidity Barrier (Silt Curtain) ......................................................................................... 49 Dewatering Work Areas ............................................................................................................. 53 Pumped Water Filter Bag ........................................................................................................... 53 Sump Pit .................................................................................................................................... 55 Site Housekeeping and Materials Management ......................................................................... 57 Waste Management……………………………………………………………………………...57 Concrete Washout .......................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4 - Sediment Barriers and Filters ........................................................................................ 61 Compost Filter Sock ................................................................................................................... 62 Compost Filter Berm .................................................................................................................. 67 Weighted Sediment Filter Tube .................................................................................................. 69 Rock Filter Outlet ....................................................................................................................... 73 Silt Fence (Filter Fabric Fence) .................................................................................................. 75 Super Silt Fence (Super Filter Fabric Fence) ............................................................................. 82 Sediment Filter Log (Fiber Log) .................................................................................................. 85 Wood Chip Filter Berm ............................................................................................................... 87 Straw Bale Barrier ...................................................................................................................... 89 Rock Filter .................................................................................................................................. 92 Vegetative Filter Strip ................................................................................................................. 94 Storm Inlet Protection ................................................................................................................. 96 Inlet Filter Bag ................................................................................................................ 97 Stone Inlet Protection ..................................................................................................... 100 Chapter 5 - Runoff Calculations ....................................................................................................... 108 The Rational Equation ................................................................................................................ 110 Runoff Coefficient (C) ..................................................................................................... 110 Rainfall Intensity (I) ......................................................................................................... 112 Drainage Area (A) .......................................................................................................... 123 Chapter 6 - Runoff Conveyance BMPs ............................................................................................ 127 Channels .................................................................................................................................... 127 363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Page iv
Page 1 and 2: EROSION AND SEDIMENT POLLUTION CONT
Page 3: FOREWORD The various Best Managemen
Page 7 and 8: Waterbars .........................
Page 9 and 10: Table Number Name Page 11.4 Recomme
Page 11 and 12: Figure Number Name Page 7.7 Graphic
Page 13 and 14: STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Numbe
Page 15 and 16: CHECKLISTS, STANDARD E&S WORKSHEETS
Page 17 and 18: are cases where sheet flow has occu
Page 19 and 20: is replaced following earthmoving,
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 - REQUIRED E&S PLAN CONTE
Page 23 and 24: topography of the site should be in
Page 25 and 26: efore earth disturbance occurs with
Page 27 and 28: is classified as High Quality (HQ)
Page 29 and 30: install the proposed perimeter BMPs
Page 31 and 32: detail(s) for the specific BMP. In
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3 - SITE ACCESS This chapte
Page 35 and 36: ROCK CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE WITH WAS
Page 37 and 38: RUMBLE PAD Pre-constructed rumble p
Page 39 and 40: 3 feet should be avoided wherever p
Page 41 and 42: WATERBAR - Sediment Removal Efficie
Page 43 and 44: BROAD-BASED DIP - Sediment Removal
Page 45 and 46: USDA Forest Service STANDARD CONSTR
Page 51 and 52: DITCH RELIEF CULVERT (Cross Drains)
Page 53 and 54: TURNOUT - Sediment Removal Efficien
Page 55 and 56:
STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #3-11
Page 57 and 58:
3. Temporary bridges should be inst
Page 59 and 60:
PA DEP STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
Page 61 and 62:
WETLAND CROSSING Wetland crossings
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Adapted from PA DEP GP-8 FIGURE 3.8
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FIGURE 3.10 Rigid or Flexible Pipe
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PA DEP FIGURE 3.12 In-stream Coffer
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EARTHWORK WITHIN LAKES AND PONDS NO
Page 71 and 72:
FIGURE 3.15 Turbidity Barrier Insta
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DEWATERING WORK AREAS - Wherever wa
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(Additional Notes for Standard Cons
Page 77 and 78:
SITE HOUSEKEEPING AND MATERIALS MAN
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Prefabricated Washout Containers Ca
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CHAPTER 4 - SEDIMENT BARRIERS AND F
Page 83 and 84:
The maximum slope length above a co
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #4-1 C
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COMPOST FILTER BERM - Sediment Remo
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Installation - Compost filter berms
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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-4
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ROCK FILTER OUTLET - Sediment Remov
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York County Conservation District 3
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Wherever there is a break or change
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Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
A chain link fence should be instal
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SEDIMENT FILTER LOG (FIBER LOG) - S
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WOOD CHIP FILTER BERM - Sediment Re
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STRAW BALE BARRIER - Sediment Remov
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NRCS FIGURE 4.4 Straw Bale Barrier
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A one foot thick layer of AASHTO #5
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The total width of the filter strip
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INLET FILTER BAG - Sediment Removal
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Adapted from Maine DEP Maximum drai
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Page 127 and 128:
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TABLE 5.1 Pennsylvania Rainfall by
Page 131 and 132:
LAND USE < 2% TABLE 5.2 Runoff Coef
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TR-55 Shallow Concentrated Flow Tha
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Figure 5.2 - RAINFALL REGION MAP A
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Figure 5.6 - RAINFALL REGION MAP E
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TABLE 5.6 5-Minute through 24-Hour
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TABLE 5.8 5-Minute through 24-Hour
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Drainage Area (A) - Determine the d
Page 145 and 146:
Determination of Time of Concentrat
Page 147 and 148:
CHAPTER 6 - RUNOFF CONVEYANCE BMPs
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DESIGN PROCEDURE 1. Calculate the r
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TABLE 6.3 Manning’s “n” for T
Page 153 and 154:
National Technical Information Serv
Page 155 and 156:
TABLE 6.6 Riprap Gradation, Filter
Page 157 and 158:
TABLE 6.9 Recommended n Values to b
Page 159 and 160:
TABLE 6.10 Maximum Permissible Velo
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It should be noted that Guernsey si
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Channel #1 (Diversion Channel) on W
Page 165 and 166:
Channel #1 Segments “A” and “
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No more than one third of the shoot
Page 169 and 170:
Stackhouse Bensinger, Inc. STANDARD
Page 171 and 172:
Adapted from North Carolina DENR ST
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TEMPORARY SLOPE PIPE - Temporary sl
Page 175 and 176:
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BENCH - Benches (a.k.a. gradient te
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CHAPTER 7 - SEDIMENT BASINS DESIGN
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14. The discharge from a sediment b
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Adapted from VA SWCC PA DEP FIGURE
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Develop a Stage Storage Curve. Use
Page 187 and 188:
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Sediment shall be removed from the
Page 191 and 192:
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FIGURE 7.2 Skimmer Orifice Design C
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The principal spillway should be an
Page 197 and 198:
Adapted from USDA, NRCS FIGURE 7.3
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H TABLE 7.3 - PIPE FLOW CAPACITY n
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TABLE 7.4 Concrete Base Requirement
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Embedded section of aluminum or alu
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Wherever total basin dewatering is
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Riprap at toe of embankment shall b
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Head TABLE 7.6 - GRASS-LINED EMERGE
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4. Once the depth of flow through t
Page 221 and 222:
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Anti-seep Collar Wherever soils sus
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4. The maximum spacing between coll
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Adapted from PennDOT RC-70 STANDARD
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FILTER DIAPHRAGM Filter diaphragms
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Sediment Storage Zone Dewatering Pr
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4. Greater surface area increases t
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Barrel/Riser Sediment Trap - This d
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Accumulated sediment shall be remov
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Wherever total trap dewatering is r
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At a minimum, outlet protection sho
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CHAPTER 9 - OUTLET PROTECTION As a
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FIGURE 9.1 Velocity Adjustment Nomo
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endwall. For discharges directly in
Page 255 and 256:
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Adapted from USDA NRCS STANDARD CON
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Adapted from USDA - NRCS FIGURE 9.3
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Determine whether maximum or minimu
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Adapted from ScourStop FIGURE 9.5 T
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STILLING BASIN (Plunge Pool) - Stil
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Adapted from USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIG
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Using the pipe slope (V:H) determin
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ENERGY DISSIPATER Energy dissipater
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EARTHEN LEVEL SPREADER LOCATION - E
Page 275 and 276:
STRUCTURAL LEVEL SPREADER LOCATION
Page 277 and 278:
The E&S plan should include such in
Page 279 and 280:
Wherever the slope parallels the ro
Page 281 and 282:
VA SWCC FIGURE 11.1 Stair Step Grad
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TOPSOIL APPLICATION Graded areas sh
Page 285 and 286:
Site conditions such as soil limita
Page 287 and 288:
Species Warm-Season Grasses Deerton
Page 289 and 290:
6. Use only in extreme southeastern
Page 291 and 292:
Synthetic binders, or chemical bind
Page 293 and 294:
EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS - There ar
Page 295 and 296:
HYDRAULICALLY APPLIED BLANKETS Hydr
Page 297 and 298:
PAM Specifications Anionic PAM mixt
Page 299 and 300:
Adapted from VA DSWC FIGURE 11.5 So
Page 301 and 302:
City of Portland, BDS FIGURE 11.6 T
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CHAPTER 13 - UTILITY LINE PROJECTS
Page 305 and 306:
more viable. HDD may be considered
Page 307 and 308:
STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #13-1
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Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
PA DEP FIGURE 13.1 Waterbar Install
Page 315 and 316:
The following points should be cons
Page 317 and 318:
SKID ROADS AND SKID TRAILS The prim
Page 319 and 320:
The diversion channel should have a
Page 321 and 322:
PA Timber Harvesting Packet FIGURE
Page 323 and 324:
CHAPTER 15 - STREAMBANK STABILIZATI
Page 325 and 326:
Figure 15.1 Riprap Streambank Prote
Page 327 and 328:
GABIONS and Reno mattress have been
Page 329 and 330:
PA DEP FIGURE 15.4 Reno Mattress St
Page 331 and 332:
Adapted from VA DSWC FIGURE 15.5 Gr
Page 333 and 334:
MISCELLANEOUS HARD ARMOR TECHNIQUES
Page 335 and 336:
Natural colonization by surrounding
Page 337 and 338:
INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Prepare the
Page 339 and 340:
Branchpacking is the alternating of
Page 341 and 342:
Fabric encapsulated soil is often u
Page 343 and 344:
Fiber rolls, or coir logs, are cyli
Page 345 and 346:
CHAPTER 16 - GRADING STANDARDS PA D
Page 347 and 348:
CHAPTER 17 - AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCE
Page 349 and 350:
Adapted from USDA NRCS FIGURE 17.2
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Adapted from USDA NRCS FIGURE 17.4
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enter the Act 2 Program, which is a
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No RECOMMENDED PROCESS FOR SITES WI
Page 357 and 358:
Common Contaminants of Concern: Two
Page 359 and 360:
Structural (Stabilization) Erosion
Page 361 and 362:
ii. The siting and function of any
Page 363 and 364:
SPECIAL PROTECTION WATERSHEDS Sourc
Page 365 and 366:
impacts, including suitability of g
Page 367 and 368:
SLOPE FAILURES PA DEP The Problem I
Page 369 and 370:
TABLE 17.1 PROCESSES LEADING TO LAN
Page 371 and 372:
GEOTHERMAL WELL DRILLING Source Unk
Page 373 and 374:
Well (or Total Well Field) Flows Gr
Page 375 and 376:
Project: COMPLETE PLAN CHECKLIST A.
Page 377 and 378:
STANDARD E&S CONTROL PLAN TECHNICAL
Page 379 and 380:
“A maintenance program, which pro
Page 381 and 382:
Complies Deficient N/A Hydric soils
Page 383 and 384:
Complies Deficient N/A Removal of t
Page 385 and 386:
Complies Deficient N/A Standard E&S
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Sediment Traps (Chapter 8) Complies
Page 389 and 390:
Permanent Stabilization Topsoil rep
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APPENDIX B - STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET
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STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET #2 Compost F
Page 395 and 396:
STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 4 Reinforc
Page 397 and 398:
STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 6 Super Si
Page 399 and 400:
STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 8 Rock Fil
Page 401 and 402:
STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 10 Rationa
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STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 12 Sedimen
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E L E V A T I O N (FT) STANDARD E&S
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STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 16 Sedimen
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BASIN NO. TEMP. OR PERM. Y (FT) Z S
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STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 20 Riprap
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STANDARD E&S WORKSHEET # 22 PLAN PR
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15. Until the site is stabilized, a
Page 417 and 418:
APPENDIX D - STANDARDS FOR MAPS AND
Page 419 and 420:
PLAN DRAWINGS Each bit of informati
Page 421 and 422:
e carefully preserved and stored fo
Page 423 and 424:
SOIL NAME CUTBANKS CAVE CORROSIVE T
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Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
ROUGHNESS ELEMENT DISSIPATER - This
Page 433 and 434:
2. Determine Discharge Velocity (VO
Page 435 and 436:
From Figure F.8, VA/VO = 1.05 VA =
Page 437 and 438:
Yo / D FIGURE F.4 Dimensionless Rat
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USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIGURE F.6 Flow
Page 441 and 442:
FIGURE F.8 Average Velocity in Abru
Page 443 and 444:
FIGURE F.10 Average Depth for Abrup
Page 445 and 446:
FIGURE F.12 Riprap Size for Use Dow
Page 447 and 448:
EXAMPLE - Given: Circular Concrete
Page 449 and 450:
USDOT, FHWA HEC 14 FIGURE F.14 Impa
Page 451 and 452:
designed to discharge all anticipat
Page 453 and 454:
Figure G.1. Convex Contours and Slo
Page 455 and 456:
Figure G.2. Turf Reinforcement Mat
Page 457 and 458:
c. For subsurface discharge level s
Page 459 and 460:
asin/trap, it should be off-line du
Page 461 and 462:
Design to Avoid Downstream Erosion
Page 463 and 464:
Down Slope Ground Cover Table G.2.
Page 465 and 466:
VIII. OUTFALL DESIGN As previously
Page 467 and 468:
Figure G.10. Rill/Gully Repair Figu
Page 469 and 470:
X. SELECTED REFERENCES Pennsylvania
Page 471 and 472:
APPENDIX H - DUST CONTROL Descripti
Page 473 and 474:
Table H.2. Adhesives Used for Dust
Page 475 and 476:
Tree Health Preserving trees is not
Page 477 and 478:
can have blocky aggregates. They ha
Page 479 and 480:
Site Characteristics—Site charact
Page 481 and 482:
Identify trees in need of care In t
Page 483 and 484:
363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Pag
Page 485 and 486:
Use accurate information. The plan
Page 487 and 488:
The transplanting process requires
Page 489 and 490:
Protecting Trees During Constructio
Page 491 and 492:
geotextile. The plastic core is mad
Page 493 and 494:
Retain a qualified arborist to perf
Page 495 and 496:
Repairing Construction Injury The m
Page 497 and 498:
Tree Techniques Tree injury Tree li
Page 499 and 500:
Improve the aeration and drainage o
Page 501 and 502:
1995. Tree-Pruning Guidelines. (Gui
Page 503 and 504:
APPENDIX J - Publication: “Unders
Page 505 and 506:
ions such as calcium, magnesium, an
Page 507 and 508:
Soil Structure Is Destroyed by Comp
Page 509 and 510:
compaction in decent, fertile soils
Page 511 and 512:
A Note on Organic Materials and Ame
Page 513 and 514:
Final Strategies for Dealing with C
Page 515 and 516:
This publication is available from
Page 517 and 518:
363-2134-008 / March 31, 2012 / Pag
Page 519 and 520:
Aeration -----Mixing water with air
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Aquiclude -----A geologic formation
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Bedrock----- The more or less solid
Page 525 and 526:
C-Horizon -----A layer of unconsoli
Page 527 and 528:
Clay -----A fine-grained cohesive s
Page 529 and 530:
Where: Q = Flow volume (cfs) V = Fl
Page 531 and 532:
Cut and Cover -----A method of tren
Page 533 and 534:
Diabase -----A rock of basaltic com
Page 535 and 536:
E&S Plan -----Erosion and Sediment
Page 537 and 538:
E&S Plan -----A site-specific plan
Page 539 and 540:
Filter Fabric Fence -----A sediment
Page 541 and 542:
Frost Action (Soils) -----The likel
Page 543 and 544:
Grade -----1. The slope of a road o
Page 545 and 546:
Holding Structure -----Any excavati
Page 547 and 548:
Inlet Protection -----Type of BMP u
Page 549 and 550:
Level Spreader -----An earthen or m
Page 551 and 552:
Mesic -----Refers to environmental
Page 553 and 554:
NOI -----Notice of Intent Nominal S
Page 555 and 556:
Organic Soil -----Soil composed pre
Page 557 and 558:
Percolation Test -----A measure of
Page 559 and 560:
Pollutant -----Any contaminant or o
Page 561 and 562:
Range -----The geographic region in
Page 563 and 564:
stabilization; cutting of existing
Page 565 and 566:
Section 404 ----The section of the
Page 567 and 568:
Slope Protection -----A layer or fa
Page 569 and 570:
Stable Channel Flow -----Channel fl
Page 571 and 572:
stabilization techniques that consi
Page 573 and 574:
Terrace -----An earthen embankment
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Trench Plug -----A flow obstruction
Page 577 and 578:
Vernal Pool -----Wetlands that occu
Page 579 and 580:
Y Yellowboy -----Iron oxide deposit
Page 581 and 582:
26. Filtrexx, Standard Specificatio
Page 583:
86. USEPA, National Pollutant Disch
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