Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.pdf

Storm Surge -----An increase in water level above the normal water level on an open coast or shore
due to wind stress and atmospheric pressure on the water surface.
Stormwater ----- Runoff from precipitation, snowmelt, surface runoff, and drainage.
Stormwater Associated with Construction Activity -----The discharge into surface waters, municipal
separate storm sewers, or non-municipal separate storm sewers from and conveyance which is
used for collecting and conveying stormwater and which is related to construction activities.
Construction activities include clearing, grading, and excavation activities.
Stormwater Management -----Functions associated with planning, designing, constructing,
maintaining, financing, and regulating the facilities, both constructed and natural, that collect,
store, control, and/or convey stormwater.
Stormwater Management Facility -----A system designed to handle storm water runoff and, where
required, delay the peak discharge long enough to minimize the potential for downstream
flooding.
Stormwater Storage -----Temporary storage of excess runoff on, below, or above the surface of the
earth for the purpose of attenuating excess runoff.
Straw Bale Barrier -----A sediment barrier constructed from staked straw bales. See Standard
Construction Detail # 4-13.
Stream Channel -----Any watercourse having defined bed and banks, either natural or artificial, with
perennial or intermittent flow.
Stream Crossing -----Any pipeline, aerial cable, or similar structure that is placed in, along, under,
across, or over surface waters.
Stream Dimensions (Critical) -----Width, mean depth, width/depth ratio, maximum depth flood prone
area width, and entrenchment ratio.
Stream Enclosure -----Any bridge, culvert, or other structure in excess of 100 feet in length upstream
to downstream which encloses any regulated water of the Commonwealth.
Stream Enhancement -----The process of implementing certain stream rehabilitation practices in order
to improve water quality and/or ecological function; typically conducted on the stream bank or in
the flood prone area but may also include the placement of instream habitat structures.
However they should only be attempted on a stream reach that is not experiencing severe
aggradation or erosion.
Stream Entrenchment Ratio -----Channel width at two times the bankfull depth divided by channel
width at bankfull depth.
Stream Flow -----The discharge in a natural surface stream course.
Stream-Forming Flow -----The rate of flow within a stream channel — equivalent to bankfull flow —
responsible for active erosion and deposition of the channel, creating pools, riffles, and
meanders; usually having a return period of 1.5 to 2 years.
Stream Gaging -----A method of determining the velocity in an open channel.
Stream Load -----All the material transported by a stream either as visible sediment or in solution.
Stream Order -----A method of categorizing streams. Small streams are first-order; second-order
streams are fed by 1 st order streams; third-order streams are fed by 1 st and 2 nd order streams,
etc.
Stream Pattern -----A stream’s sinuosity, meander wavelength, belt width, meander width ratio, and
radius of curvature.
Stream Profile -----The mean water surface slope, pool/pool spacing, pool slope, and riffle slope
Stream Relocation Streamflow -----The movement of water through a stream channel.
Stream Restoration -----The process of converting an unstable, altered, or degraded stream corridor,
including adjacent riparian zone and flood-prone areas to its natural or referenced, stable
conditions considering recent and future watershed conditions. This process also includes
restoring the geomorphic dimension, pattern, and profile as well as biological and chemical
integrity, including transport of water and sediment produced by the stream’s watershed in order
to achieve dynamic equilibrium.
Stream Stabilization -----The in-place stabilization of an eroding streambank and/or stream bed.
Stabilization techniques that include “soft” methods or natural materials, such as root wads, rock
vanes, vegetated crib walls, may be considered part of a restoration design. However, stream
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