Women’s equality in the UK – A health check

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19.41 19.42 Whilst VAWG is more prevalent amongst women in England than stroke, diabetes and heart disease, 69 preventing violence has long been the most neglected part of government policy. The recent teenage relationship abuse campaign 70 led by the Home Office is welcome, but prevention initiatives are usually piecemeal with little investment in research and evaluation. Schools have failed systematically to embed VAWG in the curriculum and school policies and increasing autonomy for schools through education policy risks exacerbating this problem. (See Article 10) Government awareness campaigns have generally been ad-hoc and short-term and there has been no measurement and monitoring of community attitudes towards VAWG, despite a promise to do so in the VAWG Action Plan. As highlighted by women’s organisations 71 prevention must be at the core of a strategic response. In order to take action to prevent violence, it is necessary to identify factors that contribute to it. Reproduced here is an adaptation of a cutting edge ‘Model of factors at play in the perpetration of violence’, developed by Hagemann-White et al in 2010 for the European Commission. 72 These are factors, not causal explanations. Every perpetrator makes a choice to use violence and consequently must take responsibility for their actions. Reproduced from End Violence Against Women Coalition (2011) A Different World is Possible: A call for long-term and targeted action to prevent violence against women and girls. EVAW: London. 73 69. Taskforce on the Health Aspects of Violence Against Women and Children (2010) Responding to violence against women and children – the role of the NHS http://www.health.org.uk/media_manager/public/75/external-publications/Responding-to-violence-against-womenand-children%E2%80%93the-role-of-the-NHS.pdf 70. See Home Office (2013) Ending violence against women and girls in the UK http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime/violence-against-womengirls/teenage-relationship-abuse/ Accessed: 22/04/13 71. Coy, M., Lovett, J. and Kelly, L. (2008) Realising Rights, Fulfilling Obligations: A Template for an Integrated Strategy on Violence Against Women for the UK. End Violence Against Women Coalition: London. http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/resources/38/realisingrights-fulfilling-obligations 72. Hagemann-White, C. et al (2010) Model of factors at play in the perpetration of violence in End Violence Against Women Coalition (2011) A Different World is Possible: A call for long-term and targeted action to prevent violence against women and girls. EVAW: London http://www. endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/resources/19/a_different_world_is_possible_report_email_version.pdf 73. End Violence Against Women Coalition (2011) A Different World is Possible: A call for long-term and targeted action to prevent violence against women and girls. EVAW: London http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/resources/19/a_different_world_is_ possible_report_email_version.pdf 180 Women’s equality in the UK: CEDAW shadow report 2013
19.43 19.44 19.45 Support for victims (victim support) The UN has highlighted that societies and governments around the world must be mobilized to provide women and girls with universal access to critical support in situations of violence. 74 This support must be timely and appropriate. For example there is a need for LGB&T-specific support and counselling, police officers and safe temporary accommodation for lesbian and bisexual women experiencing violence as well as LGB&T awareness training for VAWG support services. The lack of understanding about women experiencing same-sex partner or homophobic/biphobic abuse and violence needs to be addressed in the UK. 75 Older Women and VAWG 76 The Government’s Action Plan makes no mention of older women or the particular services they might need. Older women’s needs are also not specifically reflected in any of the devolved administrations’ strategies or action plans, although the Scottish Strategic Framework 77 does make a reference to age as a factor that affects women’s experiences. (See Annex 1) The British Crime Survey’s self completion module on intimate violence stops at age 59, so any intimate partner violence that women aged 60 and over might experience is not reported. 78 Therefore, DV against older women remains a ‘hidden issue’ as a result of lack of data collection and monitoring at local or national level. Refuges and interventions that ignore their caring responsibilities are rarely desirable for older women and many older women have little or no access to local authority advice and support, when the violence and abuse they experience does not trigger the service threshold. Women leaving abusive relationships who are unable to access pensions or savings immediately also face financial hardship. Amongst older women there is still little awareness that rape in marriage is violence and a criminal offence 79 therefore they also need support with accessing their rights. Elder abuse is also an issue as older women who are separated or divorced are particularly susceptible to financial abuse. 80 A study in 2007 found that victims of elder abuse are predominantly women (5.4%) rather than men (1.2%). 81 Best practice in the UK calls for a co-ordinated response at local level between police, health, Local Authority and voluntary services. Age hate crime is not covered in law in the same way as hate crime related to other ‘protected characteristics’ – that is, it is not considered an aggravating feature so the penalties would be less. 82 74. Bachelet, M. (2012) The Time is Now: A letter to UN partners from UN Women Executive Director Michelle Bachelet. March 2012 http:// www.unwomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/EN-UNW-LetterToPartners_2012-REV_3-9-12.pdf 75. Women’s Resource Centre (2010) In All Our Colours: Lesbian, bisexual and trans women’s services in the UK. WRC: London http:// thewomensresourcecentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/IAOC.pdf 76. For further information see Sclater, E. (2012) NGO Thematic Shadow Report: Older Women’s Rights in the United Kingdom. Older Women’s Network, Europe and National Alliance of Women’s Organisations http://thewomensresourcecentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ olderwomensrightsukNGOthematic.pdf 77. See The Scottish Government, Violence against women http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Equality/violence-women Accessed: 22/04/13 78. Office for National Statistics, Crime survey for England and Wales (previously the British Crime Survey) http://www.crimesurvey.co.uk/ Accessed: 22/04/13 79. Women’s National Commission (2010) A Bitter Pill To Swallow: Report from WNC Focus Groups to inform the Department of Health Taskforce on the Health Aspects of Violence Against Women and Girls. WNC: London http://wnc.equalities.gov.uk/work-of-the-wnc/ violence-against-women/news-and-updates/309-a-bitter-pill-to-swallow-report-from-the-wnc-focus-groups.html 80. Centre for Policy on Ageing briefings (2008) The financial abuse of older people. CPA Briefings: London http://www.cpa.org.uk/policy/ briefings/financial_abuse.pdf 81. Action on Elder Abuse (2007) Briefing Paper: The UK Study of Abuse and Neglect of Older People 2007 http://www.elderabuse.org.uk/ AEA%20Services/Useful%20downloads/Prevalence/Briefingpaperprevalence.pdf 82. The Crown Prosecution Service, Hate crime http://www.cps.gov.uk/news/fact_sheets/hate_crime/ Accessed: 22/04/13 Women’s equality in the UK: CEDAW shadow report 2013 181
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Women’s equality in the UK - A he
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Women’s equality in the UK - A he
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Appendices (online only) Appendix 1
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• the continued discrimination ag
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• Develop a common model of analy
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Article 9 - Nationality: One third
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investment in social infrastructure
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and increase the marginalisation of
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have been no prosecutions in Englan
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1 2 3 4 5 Introduction This is a Un
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10 11 12 13 housing crisis, a ‘lo
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1.1 1.2 1.3 Article 1 - Overarching
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1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Women’
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1.17 1.18 1.19 Young women We are a
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2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 consult to “remov
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2.12 2.13 discrimination”. Howeve
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2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 worsen gen
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2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 CEDAW and the l
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3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 would “increase
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3.15 3.16 3.17 and accountable EHRC
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3.22 3.23 3.24 report is was partic
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classes, migrants, and Gypsy, Trave
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the institutional discrimination an
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5.5 5.6 5.7 Case study: 8 Sandra li
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5.12 5.13 5.14 issue. A more approp
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6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Article 6 - Exploit
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6.9 6.10 6.11 to the protection and
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6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 Office’s own
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6.24 6.25 6.26 women and increase t
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6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 infrequent lap
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7.1 7.2 Article 7 - Political and p
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7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 The House of Lords
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7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 Recommenda
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7.21 7.22 7.23 Political representa
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9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Article
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9.9 9.10 Mainstreaming gender in th
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9.15 9.16 9.17 biased views towards
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9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 women. 47 (See
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9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 New family migr
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9.35 9.36 UKBA, where men and women
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9.39 9.40 9.41 9.42 • Do not redu
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9.46 Research on immigration case m
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10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 The Educat
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10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 boys and on
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10.22 10.23 allow speakers to promo
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10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 • Many wo
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10.46 10.47 10.48 applications (fig
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11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Article 11 - Em
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11.8 11.9 are 754,000 women working
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11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 The g
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11.24 11.25 11.26 per week or they
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11.31 11.32 11.33 Introducing more
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11.37 11.38 Case study: 83 Jasmine
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11.42 11.43 11.44 11.45 At the 2012
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12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 of women and en
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12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 Translators
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12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 Barriers to
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12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 Older women
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12.41 12.42 Recommendations: • Th
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12.47 12.48 12.49 12.50 they are at
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12.55 12.56 12.57 Case studies: 128
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12.60 12.61 12.62 12.63 12.64 hospi
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