Women’s equality in the UK – A health check

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19.66 19.67 19.68 19.69 Disabled women and VAWG Concerns of disabled women survivors seen to have remained invisible in current VAWG strategies. In 2009-2010 16.29% of women seeking advice from the NGO Rights of Women’s 117 telephone helpline on sexual violence issues identified as disabled indicating that it is key for any strategy on sexual violence to address the needs of disabled women. 118 The financial dependency of disabled women, particularly on their families, may result in living arrangements that subject them to different forms of abuse, including mental, physical and sexual violence. 119 Changes to benefits (See Article 13) for disabled people may increase disabled women’s financial dependence on their partner or family. This will increase these women’s vulnerability to abuse and may make it harder for women to leave violent relationships. (See Appendix: 36 for further information) Recommendation: Increase the number of accessible VAWG services for disabled women including supporting adaptation of refuge provision Rape and sexual offending There are 404,000 women (and 72,000 men) who are victims of sexual offences in England and Wales every year (2.5% of women). 120 85,000 women are victims of rape in England and Wales every year, which is roughly 2,000 women a week. 121 Based on regional data from the British Crime Survey 2010/11, it was estimated that there was a minimum of 109,000 women and girls aged 16-59 who had been a victim of sexual assault in the past year. 122 Around 21% of girls (and 11% of boys) experience some form of CSA 123 and 38% of all rapes recorded in 2010/11 were of children under 16 years of age. 19.7% of women have experienced rape or sexual abuse since the age of 16. 124 Women are at significantly greater risk of sexual violence if they are unemployed or in the lowest income bracket (under £10,000 per year); (See Article 13) have limiting disabilities or illness, or are fulltime students. 125 Sexual violence is also linked with homelessness, (See Appendix: 26) interrupted education and training, (See Article 10) and revictimisation. Women from BME communities are more likely to experience rape within marriage. 126 117. Rights of Women http://www.rightsofwomen.org.uk/ Accessed: 22/04/13 118. Rights of Women (2010) Measuring up? UK compliance with international commitments on violence against women in England and Wales. ROW: London http://www.rightsofwomen.org.uk/pdfs/Measuring_up_A_report_by_Rights_of_Women.pdf 119. Thiria, R., Hague, G. and Mullender, A. (2011) ‘Losing out on both counts: disabled women and domestic violence’, Disability and Society, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 757 - 771. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44302/ 120. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 121. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 122. Home Office, Violence Against Women and Girls Ready Reckoner http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100104215220/http:/ crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/domesticviolence/domesticviolence072.htm Accessed: 22/04/13 123. Home Office (2007) Cross Government Action Plan on Sexual Violence and Abuse http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/ homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/sexual-violence-action-plan.html 124. Home Office (2010) Crime in England and Wales 2009 to 2010: findings from the British crime survey and police recorded crime http:// www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/hosb1210/ 125. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 126. Against Violence and Abuse (2010) And Still Like Dust We Rise: London survivors of domestic and sexual violence. AVA: London http:// www.avaproject.org.uk/our-resources/reports--publications/and-still-like-dust-we-rise-london-survivors-of-domestic--sexualviolence-%282010%29.aspx 188 Women’s equality in the UK: CEDAW shadow report 2013
19.70 19.71 19.72 Invisibility of sexual violence Although the Government does commission crime reports, and sexual offences are included in these, there has been very little detailed research widely disseminated regarding how many of those women who are known to have experienced sexual violence would identify as one or more of the ‘protected characteristics’ in the Equality Act 2010. 127 There has also been no widely disseminated research regarding the prevalence of sexual violence against women who have an insecure immigration status. 128 (See Article 3) Government figures 129 show that between 2009/10 and 2011/12 there were an estimated 78,000 victims of rape per year in England and Wales - 69,000 females and 9,000 males. Over the same period there were an average of 1,070 convictions per year for the offence, though offenders and victims may not relate to the same cases, since a single case can take years to be concluded. 60% of court proceedings in 2011 involving sexual offences resulted in a conviction, with sexual assault on a male achieving the highest rate (91%) and rape of a female the lowest (39.7%). Only 15% of rape is reported to the police and 28% of rape victims tell no one about their experience. 130 31% of children who are abused reach adulthood without telling anybody and 61% of those who access Rape Crisis services do so because of events that happened more than three years earlier. Therefore, even though Rape Crisis Centres respond to over 120,000 helpline calls and around 60,000 service users annually, 131 potential service users are in their millions. 132 However, only 1.12% of offenders of rape are convicted in England and Wales every year. 133 Crimes of sexual violence are not reported to the police for many reasons. Government research indicates that lack of faith in the CJS is a key factor. 134 Reasons for not reporting the crime also include embarrassment, not thinking the police could help, that it was not worth reporting, or that it was a private/family matter. 135 Not only are official figures low because women are reluctant to come forward, but also because of the way reports of rape are recorded. We know 136 that police forces record many reports of rape as not having occurred (a process known as ‘no-criming’). This happens to an extent in all crime reports, but the ‘no-crime’ rate for sexual offences (7.2%) compares with a ‘no-crime’ rate for overall police recorded crime of 3.4%, while the ‘no-crime’ rate for rape is 10.8%. 137 Reports of rape are ‘no-crimed’ 127. Equality Act 2010 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents 128. Rights of Women (2010) Measuring up? UK compliance with international commitments on violence against women in England and Wales. ROW: London http://www.rightsofwomen.org.uk/pdfs/Measuring_up_A_report_by_Rights_of_Women.pdf 129. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 130. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 131. Rape Crisis (England and Wales) survey of members, 2012 132. Coy, M., Kelly, L. and Foord, J. (2007) Map of Gaps: The postcode lottery of violence against women support services. Equality and Human Rights Commission and End Violence Against Women Coalition: London http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/research/ map_of_gaps1.pdf 133. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf In relation to rape, every year around 95,000 people are victims of rape, only 15,670 rapes are recorded by the police, 2,910 go to court and only 1,070 offenders are convicted. 134. Kelly, L. et al (2005) A gap or a chasm? Attrition in reported rape cases. Home Office Research Study 293, Home Office: London http:// library.npia.police.uk/docs/hors/hors293.pdf 135. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf 136. Criminal Justice Joint Inspection (2012) Forging the links: Rape investigation and prosecution. A joint review by HMIC and HMCPSI http:// www.hmcpsi.gov.uk/documents/reports/CJJI_THM/BOTJ/forging_the_links_rape_investigation_and_prosecution_20120228.pdf 137. Ministry of Justice, Home Office and Office for National Statistics (2013) An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales. Statistics bulletin http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/sexual-offending/sexual-offending-overview-jan-2013.pdf page 8 Women’s equality in the UK: CEDAW shadow report 2013 189
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Women’s equality in the UK - A he
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Women’s equality in the UK - A he
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Appendices (online only) Appendix 1
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• the continued discrimination ag
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• Develop a common model of analy
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Article 9 - Nationality: One third
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investment in social infrastructure
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and increase the marginalisation of
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have been no prosecutions in Englan
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1 2 3 4 5 Introduction This is a Un
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10 11 12 13 housing crisis, a ‘lo
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1.1 1.2 1.3 Article 1 - Overarching
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1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Women’
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1.17 1.18 1.19 Young women We are a
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2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 consult to “remov
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2.12 2.13 discrimination”. Howeve
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2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 worsen gen
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2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 CEDAW and the l
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3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 would “increase
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3.15 3.16 3.17 and accountable EHRC
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3.22 3.23 3.24 report is was partic
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classes, migrants, and Gypsy, Trave
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the institutional discrimination an
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5.5 5.6 5.7 Case study: 8 Sandra li
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5.12 5.13 5.14 issue. A more approp
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6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Article 6 - Exploit
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6.9 6.10 6.11 to the protection and
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6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 Office’s own
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6.24 6.25 6.26 women and increase t
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6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 infrequent lap
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7.1 7.2 Article 7 - Political and p
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7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 The House of Lords
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7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 Recommenda
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7.21 7.22 7.23 Political representa
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9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Article
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9.9 9.10 Mainstreaming gender in th
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9.15 9.16 9.17 biased views towards
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9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 women. 47 (See
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9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 New family migr
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9.35 9.36 UKBA, where men and women
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9.39 9.40 9.41 9.42 • Do not redu
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9.46 Research on immigration case m
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10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 The Educat
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10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 boys and on
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10.22 10.23 allow speakers to promo
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10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 Case study:
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10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 • Many wo
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10.46 10.47 10.48 applications (fig
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11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Article 11 - Em
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11.8 11.9 are 754,000 women working
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11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 The g
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11.24 11.25 11.26 per week or they
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11.31 11.32 11.33 Introducing more
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11.37 11.38 Case study: 83 Jasmine
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11.42 11.43 11.44 11.45 At the 2012
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12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 of women and en
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12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 Translators
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12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 Barriers to
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12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 Gypsy and T
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12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 Older women
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12.41 12.42 Recommendations: • Th
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12.47 12.48 12.49 12.50 they are at
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12.55 12.56 12.57 Case studies: 128
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12.60 12.61 12.62 12.63 12.64 hospi
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13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Article 13
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13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 children ne
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13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 Welfare ref
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13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 because in
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Page 191 and 192: 19.77 19.78 19.79 A number of repor
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Page 195 and 196: Annex 1: The Devolved Administratio
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Page 203 and 204: ESA - Employment and Support Allowa
Page 205 and 206: Annex 5: Acknowledgements Many than
Page 207: Women’s Resource Centre is suppor
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