Ethnic Hostility among Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups

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Appendix *The impact of the destination is larger when it is the less tolerant category than when it is the more tolerant category: btol larger. *We thus fi nd corroborative evidence of our (fi ctive) hypotheses. *MODEL WITH MOBILITY EFFECTS INDEPENDENT OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION. *It is of course possible that mobility has an effect independent of the origin and destination. *For example, our hypotheses could be that everyone who is downwards mobile experiences the same kind of frustration and that this frustration in turn leads to less tolerance towards ethic migrants. *We have to compute a downwards mobility parameter, but we already did this above when testing the status dominance parameter, the variable “hso”. *Model 5: downwards mobility model. MODEL PROGRAM p=.5 d1=2 d2=2 d3=2 d4=2 d5=2 d6=2 bcov=0 bdm=0. vector d = d1 to d6. COMPUTE PRED=(p )*d(origin) + (1-(p))*d(destination) + bcov*cov + bdm*hso. NLR depY. *Interpretation: *We fi nd corroborative evidence for our hypotheses. *Downwards mobility does not cause people to adopt the attitudes of the highest (or lowest!) status category but has a negative effect on tolerance independent of origin and destinations. *check if this also holds if we include the downwards mobility dummy in model 4. *Model 6: combi of model 4 and 5. MODEL PROGRAM p=.5 d1=2 d2=2 d3=2 d4=2 d5=2 d6=2 bcov=0 bdtol=0 bdm=0. vector d = d1 to d6. COMPUTE dtol=(d(origin)>d(destination)). COMPUTE PRED=(p + bdtol*dtol)*d(origin) + (1-(p+ bdtol*dtol))*d(de stination) + bcov*cov + bdm*hso. NLR depY. 209
*Interpretation: *What we see now is that the impact of the origin/destination does not depend signifi cantly anymore on which one contains the more tolerant core members. *for a two by two table it can be shown that model 3 and 5 are mathematically equivalent. *It is thus sometimes diffi cult (depending on the mobility taking place / and the ‘real’ effects going on) to empirically distinguish mobility effects which are due to origin and destination dependent acculturation and mobility effects that are independent of origins and destinations. *ORIGIN OR DESTINATION DEPENDENT SALIENCE PARAMETERS. *It is of course possible that the impact of the origin varies across origin categories (for example due to different sizes of categories). *We may want to calculated origin dependent salience parameters. *model 7: DM1 model. MODEL PROGRAM p1=.5 p2=.5 p3=.5 p4=.5 p5=.5 p6=.5 d1=2 d2=2 d3=2 d4=2 d5=2 d6=2. vector d = d1 to d6. vector p = p1 to p6. COMPUTE PRED=(p(origin))*d(origin) + (1-p(origin))*d(destination) . NLR depY. *interpretation: *We see that origin category 3 has the largest impact of all origin categories (regardless of the destination category). *Once again we have to use the... statistic to assess if differences between two categories are signifi cant. *or we may want to calculate destination dependent salience parameters. *model 8: DM2 model. MODEL PROGRAM p1=.5 p2=.5 p3=.5 p4=.5 p5=.5 p6=.5 d1=2 d2=2 d3=2 d4=2 d5=2 d6=2. 210
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ETHNIC HOSTILITY AMONG ETHNIC MAJOR
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Promotores: prof. dr. N. D. de Graa
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Science is so much more fun when yo
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3.4.1 Opposition to ethnic intermar
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8.3.1 Theoretical implications for
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 NEW QUESTIONS 1
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1. Introduction | New questions ski
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1. Introduction | The setting of th
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1. Introduction | Research question
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Table 1.1 Outline of empirical chap
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1. Introduction | Notes 27
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2. SOCIAL MOBILITY AND ETHNIC HOSTI
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2. Social Mobility and Ethnic Hosti
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social conformity favour more toler
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e more important than the infl uenc
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2.4 RESULTS 2. Social Mobility and
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1987). Assessment of the importance
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The actual ethnic competition withi
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(Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Wagner e
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seven categories: no-religion, Roma
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the lower the opposition to ethnic
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Table 3.1 Hierarchical linear inter
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Table 3.2 Hierarchical linear inter
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In model 8 we focus on the characte
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Table 3.3 Comparison of explanatory
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3.5 CONCLUSIONS We observed a weak
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9. The models presented in this cha
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4. THE LOCAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT AND
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unit such as states or countries, w
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4. The Local Living Environment and
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4.4 RESULTS 4. The Local Living Env
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Table 4.2 continued Household compo
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5. TRENDS IN ETHNIC EDUCATIONAL INE
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5. Trends in Ethnic Educational Ine
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the worsening economic conditions o
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Table 5.3 continued Male (Female=re
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Table 5.4 continued Male (Female= r
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6. EXPLANATIONS FOR ETHNIC EDUCATIO
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To answer our research questions, w
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6. Explanations for Ethnic Educatio
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Table 6.1 continued Pre-university
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Table 6.2 continued Lower general t
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Model 4 includes both the ability m
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7. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND ETHNI
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among four ethnic minority groups i
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7. Educational Attainment and Ethni
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Table 7.1 Summary of hypotheses Cor
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Table 7.2 continued Control variabl
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Page 160 and 161: Table 7.3 continued 2nd gen. Turks
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Page 172 and 173: 8. CONCLUSION 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8. C
Page 174 and 175: 8.2 QUESTIONS, RESULTS AND CONCLUSI
Page 176 and 177: 8. Conclusion | Questions, results
Page 182 and 183: local living environments (on ethni
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Page 192 and 193: ethnic hosting threat contact / res
Page 194 and 195: 8. Conclusion | Retrospect and pros
Page 196 and 197: 8. Conclusion | Notes 195
Page 198 and 199: APPENDIX Appendix 197
Page 200 and 201: APPENDIX 2.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Page 202 and 203: Appendix 2.3 continued Mobility typ
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX 2.4 TUTORIAL DIAGONAL MOBI
Page 206 and 207: *********MEANS and OLS***********.
Page 208 and 209: impact on depY. *The relative impac
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Page 214 and 215: *and with constraints our model wou
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Page 218 and 219: Appendix 3.1 continued father’s s
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX 3.3 OPPOSITION TO ETHNIC I
Page 222 and 223: Appendix Appendix 4.1 continued Eco
Page 224 and 225: Appendix APPENDIX 4.3 VARIANCE COMP
Page 226 and 227: Appendix 5.1 continued Ethnicity N
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX 5.3 ROBUSTNESS OF ES ASSOC
Page 230 and 231: Appendix APPENDIX 5.5 MULTI-NOMINAL
Page 232 and 233: Appendix 7.1 continued 2nd gen. 2nd
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Page 236 and 237: BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography Abu-Rayya
Page 238 and 239: Bibliography Buijs, F. J., Demant,
Page 240 and 241: Bibliography (pp. 345-383). Oxford:
Page 242 and 243: Bibliography euthanasia, homosexual
Page 244 and 245: Bibliography Onderzoek (ISEO). Mart
Page 246 and 247: Bibliography Politics, 58(1), 41-72
Page 248 and 249: Bibliography Worchel (Eds.), The so
Page 250 and 251: Bibliography 249
Page 252 and 253: Summary in Dutch / Nederlandstalige
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Summary in Dutch / Nederlandstalige
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Summary in Dutch / Nederlandstalige
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CURRICULUM VITAE Curriculum Vitae J
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ICS DISSERTATION SERIES ICS dissert
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ICS dissertation series 37) Andreas
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ICS dissertation series 76) Inge Si
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ICS dissertation series 115) Martin
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Why do some individuals express mor
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