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Page 3 and 4: VICTORIA UNIVERSITY IMMIGRANT PLACE
Page 5 and 6: Declaration Except where otherwise
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Abstract iv
Page 9 and 10: Vanzetta 392 Rodoni 409 CHAPTER ELE
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people assist
Page 13 and 14: Fig. 5 Charlwood, Don, The Long Far
Page 15 and 16: IMPERIAL MEASURES TECHNICAL NOTES I
Page 17 and 18: SUMMARY In this dissertation I argu
Page 19 and 20: to Australia. It examines their att
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF FIGURES PAGE FIG. 1. THE IT
Page 23 and 24: Fig 2 Switzerland and Northern Ital
Page 25: ^ ^ vii/^-^v c^^r^ I ' sl/ ^ I' rfu
Page 29 and 30: ^ o 35 ^ 0^ y fi\\ CO O Ma* M>* XXI
Page 31 and 32: O Q Q XXV
Page 33 and 34: Morganti House ..fe^i Fig IB iB^tkm
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION Traditionally viewed a
Page 37 and 38: The study concerns a group of peopl
Page 39 and 40: Italian-Speaking settlers at Dayles
Page 41 and 42: Anglo-Celtic culture which sought t
Page 43 and 44: Weight is given to the findings of
Page 45 and 46: meaning. This meaning informed thei
Page 47 and 48: ~ that people can survive the weake
Page 49 and 50: the epigraphic clues on cemetery to
Page 51 and 52: In broad terms, this dissertation a
Page 53 and 54: THE EMIGRANTS The people of norther
Page 55 and 56: New South Wales government permitte
Page 57 and 58: As Giorgio Cheda has documented, ma
Page 59 and 60: They were no doubt encouraged by th
Page 61 and 62: territory consisting of large areas
Page 63 and 64: 'peasant' identity ~ to a particula
Page 65 and 66: Ticinesi could any longer support t
Page 67 and 68: Arriving in the Colony as peasant f
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER TWO : FAMILIES 1852-1853 Po
Page 71 and 72: produced ten children, two dying as
Page 73 and 74: their minds to the search for gold.
Page 75 and 76: nulla altro ne pantaloni ne camicie
Page 77 and 78:
oadside tavern, they bought meat to
Page 79 and 80:
outsiders who only reduced the eami
Page 81 and 82:
Catholics on 15 August, and thus re
Page 83 and 84:
Ticino's liberal party, which had f
Page 85 and 86:
same year Alessandro was naturalise
Page 87 and 88:
Victoria located in Melboume). The
Page 89 and 90:
Swiss or Italian shareholders of th
Page 91 and 92:
proved the ideal setting for their
Page 93 and 94:
Stefano may have appeared eccentric
Page 95 and 96:
linking Pozzi with his cultural roo
Page 97 and 98:
effects went up for sale; piled up
Page 99 and 100:
MORGANTI Five members of the Morgan
Page 101 and 102:
available for a short time, however
Page 103 and 104:
were an important link v^th the hom
Page 105 and 106:
California. Though his brothers wer
Page 107 and 108:
daily grind of survival. They were
Page 109 and 110:
available resources. Hydraulic lime
Page 111 and 112:
Giacomo Morganti, was living in the
Page 113 and 114:
Valle Maggia had generally included
Page 115 and 116:
a man whom they fondly referred to
Page 117 and 118:
entered through an extemal arched o
Page 119 and 120:
Madonna del Sasso at Locamo, a remi
Page 121 and 122:
With the skills leamt in childhood,
Page 123 and 124:
twentieth century.** Her confusing
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER THREE : THE JOURNEY 90
Page 127 and 128:
del distacco." ^ So keen were the y
Page 129 and 130:
In 1852 and 1853, the years prior t
Page 131 and 132:
traveUing companions of many emigra
Page 133 and 134:
disseminated chiefly by the efforts
Page 135 and 136:
Europe that the emigrants became aw
Page 137 and 138:
mirrored the class stmcture of home
Page 139 and 140:
The experience of the joumey foster
Page 141 and 142:
Chapalay's detaiUng of the lack of
Page 143 and 144:
the gold msh (ref figure 7). It did
Page 145 and 146:
CHAPTER FOUR : FAMILIES 1854 Quanch
Page 147 and 148:
people would eventually emigrate to
Page 149 and 150:
contracted to pay) the joumey becam
Page 151 and 152:
of Daylesford: these centres includ
Page 153 and 154:
Alessandro as a 24-year-old miner,
Page 155 and 156:
Around the tune of the mining partn
Page 157 and 158:
uilding strength, and cemented toge
Page 159 and 160:
The Righettis had settled in Yandoi
Page 161 and 162:
wooden baUs have survived to the pr
Page 163 and 164:
encouraged to try the new food and
Page 165 and 166:
Australia. Of Lorenzo's ten childre
Page 167 and 168:
TOMASETTI Like Vincenzo Quanchi, Ga
Page 169 and 170:
descendant has suggested that Batti
Page 171 and 172:
Department of Lands and Survey in M
Page 173 and 174:
with shutters or hessian covers. Co
Page 175 and 176:
avoid reUance on a single source in
Page 177 and 178:
this land but, had he seen the Secr
Page 179 and 180:
whether her baby was bom at Kew or
Page 181 and 182:
impersonal hospital staff! This wou
Page 183 and 184:
God and the saints, their distmst o
Page 185 and 186:
was named Catherine after her mothe
Page 187 and 188:
were all married to English speaker
Page 189 and 190:
celebrations of the Swiss club in V
Page 191 and 192:
members aboard the Morning Star, Ca
Page 193 and 194:
figure 13)." Situated a short dista
Page 195 and 196:
goods at twelve pounds.^* Judging b
Page 197 and 198:
The hotel itself was a weatherboard
Page 199 and 200:
In this way they gained early exper
Page 201 and 202:
Lafranchis ate the sausages freshly
Page 203 and 204:
This song became popular in 1848 af
Page 205 and 206:
to look after her grandmother.'*" (
Page 207 and 208:
scienze naturali e igiene, canto, g
Page 209 and 210:
Giuseppina's neglect of EngUsh was
Page 211 and 212:
In 1916 the Licensing Court began r
Page 213 and 214:
In her elderly years, Giuseppina lo
Page 215 and 216:
through documentary evidence: from
Page 217 and 218:
suggesting the village was still m
Page 219 and 220:
culturally famiUar occupations of f
Page 221 and 222:
More than any other group of settle
Page 223 and 224:
including labour were commonly exch
Page 225 and 226:
one time or another) to deal in leg
Page 227 and 228:
On 15 May 1877, the ninth Perini ch
Page 229 and 230:
home) being recorded as 'consumptio
Page 231 and 232:
(no direct relation to the Lafranch
Page 233 and 234:
chapters) they had been well prepar
Page 235 and 236:
upper classes. Emest Zelman married
Page 237 and 238:
which will be pursued in the final
Page 239 and 240:
Giuseppe, the second eldest of the
Page 241 and 242:
malissimo ... avessimo dovuto morir
Page 243 and 244:
B.ta ha finito un buco bono e subit
Page 245 and 246:
an interest in the mines) he sold h
Page 247 and 248:
Westmeath Ireland to an Irish mothe
Page 249 and 250:
Sailors Falls. While the exact loca
Page 251 and 252:
children completed only minimal sch
Page 253 and 254:
While Serafino had been eaming the
Page 255 and 256:
education, simple farming skills be
Page 257 and 258:
Emest Righetti married and eventual
Page 259 and 260:
goldfields. Returning now to these
Page 261 and 262:
SCOUTING Many Italian-speaking emig
Page 263 and 264:
immigrant communities. The emigrato
Page 265 and 266:
The sight which had met those arriv
Page 267 and 268:
or by smking shafts through the lav
Page 269 and 270:
long, the men slept m make-shift hu
Page 271 and 272:
Some ItaUan speakers also formed mi
Page 273 and 274:
Welshmans Gully, to name a few. The
Page 275 and 276:
Where conflicts among ItaUan speake
Page 277 and 278:
scapegoats for much that was bad on
Page 279 and 280:
oastmg of the praise he had receive
Page 281 and 282:
alia Vergine Scmtissima'.^^ These i
Page 283 and 284:
CHAPTER SIX : FAMILIES 1855 - 1857
Page 285 and 286:
upheavals had often dismpted the li
Page 287 and 288:
companies while others, who had bee
Page 289 and 290:
the gained unity, independence and
Page 291 and 292:
than his love of Australia: after 2
Page 293 and 294:
home at Shepherds Flat, and the str
Page 295 and 296:
so deteriorated that over 20 per ce
Page 297 and 298:
among the first Ticinese settlers t
Page 299 and 300:
not establish a medical practice bu
Page 301 and 302:
The mmblings of discontent directed
Page 303 and 304:
had moved to Stawell (ref figure 6)
Page 305 and 306:
By 1869, the Guscettis had moved to
Page 307 and 308:
to their children and to the wider
Page 309 and 310:
name. She lived until around her 79
Page 311 and 312:
untimely death at age 31 left his y
Page 313 and 314:
from mining, had provided the means
Page 315 and 316:
achieve three or four layers. When
Page 317 and 318:
with her homeland. Her parents, apa
Page 319 and 320:
produce a large batch of sausages.
Page 321 and 322:
Luigia gave birth in 1886 to her ni
Page 323 and 324:
successful gold mines then operatin
Page 325 and 326:
the wedding of Charlie's eldest dau
Page 327 and 328:
ItaUan speakers, 'Professor Macaron
Page 329 and 330:
CHAPTER SEVEN : SETTLING 294
Page 331 and 332:
What wdll emerge is how the settler
Page 333 and 334:
preferred the famiUarity of the Day
Page 335 and 336:
acquu-ed. Wakefield's theory was th
Page 337 and 338:
Acts was that any man or single wom
Page 339 and 340:
secure, buy another; the holdings o
Page 341 and 342:
Italians were involved in that expe
Page 343 and 344:
In 1855, when the gold fever shifte
Page 345 and 346:
premises and the preparation and ha
Page 347 and 348:
It was in the social and working li
Page 349 and 350:
CHAPTER EIGHT : FAMILIES 1858 - 186
Page 351 and 352:
By the time of their departure in 1
Page 353 and 354:
partnership the men were probably s
Page 355 and 356:
written in Italian, and apparently
Page 357 and 358:
waste stones to be used in the cons
Page 359 and 360:
The farming partnership employed a
Page 361 and 362:
Gervasoms. Ritual religious occasio
Page 363 and 364:
Maria Gervasoni was unable to share
Page 365 and 366:
streets, it would seem that English
Page 367 and 368:
Annie took her place as a worker in
Page 369 and 370:
fireplace into the back of which wa
Page 371 and 372:
Bergamask seminary), but also of th
Page 373 and 374:
CALIGARI While the Gervasonis have
Page 375 and 376:
oard, Antonio and his eight compani
Page 377 and 378:
An examination of the Licensing Reg
Page 379 and 380:
All the Caligari children were rais
Page 381 and 382:
Manjimup as a tobacco grower. Durin
Page 383 and 384:
Lafranchi family, who acted as paU-
Page 385 and 386:
to AustraUa, at least twelve Gaggio
Page 387 and 388:
Selection Acts, which had been intr
Page 389 and 390:
aby, in 1904. Seven years before th
Page 391 and 392:
and wine. Once completed, these too
Page 393 and 394:
away the summer evenings. Crippa re
Page 395 and 396:
when Loretta could not see to the n
Page 397 and 398:
ancient times. The pasta meal was o
Page 399 and 400:
Gaggioni as a carpenter in his hote
Page 401 and 402:
kept a photograph of Gordevio on he
Page 403 and 404:
HOME AND FAMILY As suggested in pre
Page 405 and 406:
a nearby viUage. In the case of tho
Page 407 and 408:
also strengthened the immigrants' k
Page 409 and 410:
washed in white or off-yellow and r
Page 411 and 412:
packing (Lucini) and the inclusion
Page 413 and 414:
A number of Italian speakers, adopt
Page 415 and 416:
The Italian speakers' agricultural
Page 417 and 418:
etween subsistence and near starvat
Page 419 and 420:
were flavoured wdth various herbs,
Page 421 and 422:
As soon as they were old enough, th
Page 423 and 424:
It was this new, brash and assertiv
Page 425 and 426:
speakers often passed their evening
Page 427 and 428:
VANZETTA On 27 November 1964, Ferdi
Page 429 and 430:
Ferdinando and Osvaldo departed for
Page 431 and 432:
mto the immigrant community, includ
Page 433 and 434:
Giving up her job as a housemaid wh
Page 435 and 436:
community. Entering the sales area
Page 437 and 438:
vines and its produce were a tangib
Page 439 and 440:
community, especially the predomina
Page 441 and 442:
1949. Remaining in Hepbum, Osvaldo
Page 443 and 444:
After his death, the bakery remaine
Page 445 and 446:
Upon his arrival in England, Isidor
Page 447 and 448:
commonly adopted in Biasca, Aquilin
Page 449 and 450:
almost twice its size. He also drew
Page 451 and 452:
equalled eleven shiUings and a half
Page 453 and 454:
A huge lump of sausage mixture woul
Page 455 and 456:
join in as everyone toasted bread o
Page 457 and 458:
CHAPTER ELEVEN : LOOKING BACK AND L
Page 459 and 460:
community. It demonstrates how the
Page 461 and 462:
their sense of inter-dependence and
Page 463 and 464:
ehaviour of some Italian speakers u
Page 465 and 466:
easonable rates and the possibUity
Page 467 and 468:
When it was not possible to find a
Page 469 and 470:
It was their homes which became one
Page 471 and 472:
Morganti clans at Eastem Hill) ~ pl
Page 473 and 474:
from one end of the bar at their Bl
Page 475 and 476:
their labours wdth a festive gather
Page 477 and 478:
of a broader process of change occu
Page 479 and 480:
children. Like Alessandro Quanchi,
Page 481 and 482:
ut also to the present. It had insp
Page 483 and 484:
of the times. Desphe these racial t
Page 485 and 486:
language and customs were held up f
Page 487 and 488:
Traditions of family cooperation al
Page 489 and 490:
Along with the support which the Ca
Page 491 and 492:
Many groups and individuals have co
Page 493 and 494:
ENDNOTES 458
Page 495 and 496:
13, Roger M. Keesing, 'Kastrom in M
Page 497 and 498:
38, D. Fitzpatrick, 'Irish Immigrat
Page 499 and 500:
14. Joseph Gentilli, Swiss Poschiav
Page 501 and 502:
41. Cheda (1979) Vol. I, p. 154, 42
Page 503 and 504:
from Melboume early in the morning,
Page 505 and 506:
39. Leonardo Pozzi, letter 4 Januar
Page 507 and 508:
MORGANTI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p,
Page 509 and 510:
is derived from Como, but it seems
Page 511 and 512:
THE JOURNEY 1, 'The euphoria of the
Page 513 and 514:
the sea storm, second the vomiting
Page 515 and 516:
46, Giovan Pietro Scascighini, lett
Page 517 and 518:
19. Chi sounds as ki in Italian. 20
Page 519 and 520:
49. The existence of this condhion
Page 521 and 522:
19. Patrick O'FarreU, The Irish in
Page 523 and 524:
56, One descendant of the Tomasetti
Page 525 and 526:
19. ibid. 20. Information obtained
Page 527 and 528:
43. Religion, civic and moral educa
Page 529 and 530:
Carboni, another Italian settler wh
Page 531 and 532:
45. Peter Gray, Notable Bushfires i
Page 533 and 534:
12. ibid., p. 366. 13. ibid., p. 36
Page 535 and 536:
35, Gary Vines, 'Report on Dry Ston
Page 537 and 538:
63, Boyd (circa 1980), 64. Sidney R
Page 539 and 540:
15. Robert Pascoe, Buongiomo Austra
Page 541 and 542:
34. Charies D'Aprano (1994) p. 45.
Page 543 and 544:
56. 'We can't hear the Mass on Sund
Page 545 and 546:
14. Mack Smith (1969) p. 55. 15. In
Page 547 and 548:
15. 'Among the fortune-hunters ther
Page 549 and 550:
39. ibid. 40. ibid. 41. Daylesford
Page 551 and 552:
12. Fred Gheeman (interview, 14 Mar
Page 553 and 554:
SETTLING 1. GentiUi (1988) p, 6, 2.
Page 555 and 556:
24, Barry Donchi, cited in Jenny Br
Page 557 and 558:
13. ibid. p. 11. 14. Copy of contra
Page 559 and 560:
CALIGARI 1. Despite contradictory e
Page 561 and 562:
GAGGIONI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p.
Page 563 and 564:
32. Leila Richards (interview, 22 S
Page 565 and 566:
HOME AND FAMILY 1, 'The choice of p
Page 567 and 568:
32. Chris McConville, Croppies, Cel
Page 569 and 570:
11. Such unquestiorung faith was al
Page 571 and 572:
49. ibid, 50. ibid. 51. Property of
Page 573 and 574:
16. Andrew Rodoni (interview, 26 Ma
Page 575 and 576:
LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING FORWARD 1.
Page 577 and 578:
26. Stephen Casties, 'Italian Migra
Page 579 and 580:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 544
Page 581 and 582:
Appignesi, L., ed.. Identity: The R
Page 583 and 584:
Brown, Frances, et al, eds, Family
Page 585 and 586:
Cresciani, Grianfranco, The Italian
Page 587 and 588:
Ercole, Ivano and Tence, Maria, com
Page 589 and 590:
Gheeman, Fred, interview at Hepburn
Page 591 and 592:
Jona, Emilio, red., Le canzonette c
Page 593 and 594:
McQuUton, John, The Kelly Outbreak
Page 595 and 596:
PagUaro, Tony, 'The Ticinesi in Aus
Page 597 and 598:
Report of the Select Committee of t
Page 599 and 600:
Svampa, Nanni, La mia morosa cara:
Page 601 and 602:
Vision and Realisation: A Centenary
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