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mto the immigrant community, included Luigi RoUeri, Jim Scheggia and Carlo's son,
Fred Vanina. Working arrangements, as well as marriage, providing opportunities for
first and second generation immigrants to come together, the ItaUan-speaking
community was responsive to new ideas and change. Further evidence of the Vanzetta
brothers' mining activities and success is provided by Maddicks with: 'Vanzetta's
Tunnel comes north under this area also [Hepbum] mnning west from the foot of 18th
Street. They had a water wheel battery of 5 head of stamps'.*'* While mining was to
remain a lifelong interest and source of income for Osvaldo, Ferdinando soon
substituted this hard and tiring life with an occupation of a different kind.
He had formed the opinion that the best way to succeed in Australia, while
avoiding the need for back-breaking work and financial uncertainty, was in a trade.
Quelle che avrei ancora molto piacere care padre sarebbe quelle di
sacrificare qualche cosa e far imparare ai giovani fratelli un
qualche mestiere lore adatte, il quale sara per lore tante buen
pane e latte durante la lore vita. Qui in Australia colui che sa un
mestiere si pud chiamare felice e fortunate, per quelli che nen
hanne ne arte ne mestiere ne poca educazione per essi i laveri si
presentane piu ruvidi e faticesi **
he wrote to his father, expressing the ideas which brief experience in the Colony had
taught him. Choosing one of the trades already popular with ItaUan speakers, and for
which there was apparent demand, Ferdinando decided to become a baker. Opening a
business in Hepbum (on land where the Righetti store had once stood) some time
before 1892, by 1894 he is registered in the Shire of Mount Franklin rates books as
the ovmer of a brick building valued at 36 pounds (ref figure 11), Fronting on to the
main street of Hepburn, with a central front door and double windows either ^^'.de, its
front section provided living quarters and the rear, with an adjoining door, the baking
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