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Year Book Australia 1996, No, 78, Canben-a, AustraUan Bureau of Statistics, 1996. Yeomans, Darma, 'GxezX WaUs of Stone', Age, Melboume, Tempo Supplement, 2 September 1992. Young, Linda, 'Another View: Australian Decorative Arts 1788-1988', Arts & Australia, Vol 7, No. 1, Spring 1989, p. 55. Zingarelli, Nicola, // nuovo zingarelli minore: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna, ZanichelU, 1987. 567
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VICTORIA UNIVERSITY IMMIGRANT PLACE
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Declaration Except where otherwise
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Abstract iv
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Vanzetta 392 Rodoni 409 CHAPTER ELE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people assist
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Fig. 5 Charlwood, Don, The Long Far
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IMPERIAL MEASURES TECHNICAL NOTES I
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SUMMARY In this dissertation I argu
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to Australia. It examines their att
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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE FIG. 1. THE IT
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Fig 2 Switzerland and Northern Ital
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^ ^ vii/^-^v c^^r^ I ' sl/ ^ I' rfu
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xx/i
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^^Lauezzolo's Hotel 1860 (Alesscmdw
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XXVII
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^ ':^&-|W^ •( ' , I ;•"!' Jrl'i
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increasingly focuses on the questio
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study. Time and again in the interv
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connected to people that they have
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In terms of horizontal consciousnes
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family bonds. In their telling, and
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which features so prominently in th
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In order to explore these forces, t
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(1988; 1989). Others are from areas
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CHAPTER ONE : THE EMIGRANTS 18
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from the title of an old sailor's s
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From Eganstown and Deep Creek in th
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the separate states combined to for
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under the heading of 'other Europea
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The peasant family, vdth his house
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At the conclusion of the Napoleonic
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usiness practice was tolerated by p
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women and children, the old and the
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POZZI When up to 40 Valmaggesi (peo
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Ticino, many of those working in Lo
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the peak period, only the H. Ludwin
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Pozzis wrote less optimistically to
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that Stefano constmcted a jeweller'
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confession, Alessandro replied that
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clemo.^^ Stefano leamed to use capi
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at 250 pounds. Later, when gold was
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Leonardo received the sad news of h
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and was happy in her new home. She
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16 December 1886. The Star Hotel, a
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In their five-roomed cellar ~ a fam
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Q Q Q :§ xxv I
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Stefano died at 89 years of age on
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The home on Italian Hill was sold m
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possibly as labourers. The closure
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Arriving only a few years after the
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Maurizio Morganti, sought self-empl
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world, the Tognazzini and Morganti
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stage in the 1860s they also decide
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As evidence of the masterful buildi
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their purchases reflectmg a beUef i
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It was, for the Morgantis, a small
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withdrawal of her children from the
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groups together, providing both the
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specialisation of roles, each famil
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given the opportunity to work throu
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Someo and another had gone on to Ca
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THE JOURNEY The Itahan-speaking imm
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Al memento non posso spedirti denar
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Many of the contracts were also mis
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un poco amalati, e il motive e stat
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Gioachimo Respini from Cevio, writi
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home, a home that would seldom be s
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For the majority of the time, howev
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egarded as one of the richest place
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more readily accepted into Anglo-Ce
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on traditional ways but, rather, fo
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QUANCHI Among the ItaUan-speaking s
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language difficulties), eventually
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and an urgency to find employment.
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By 1862, Alessandro was mining at L
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and only permitted the men to buy i
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describing each of them as general
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child James was bom in 1878, in the
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As the business grew and it became
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esponsibilities of one another, how
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difficulties, but rather pride in t
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partners and in the naming of child
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advertising campaigns of the travel
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had an association with a Mr Tunzi
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the Irish and Italian speakers, the
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This child survived the birth thoug
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established a small dairy farm on h
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1874, his salary was stopped. Fathe
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however, the first of several bad s
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ackground and the practices which h
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employment. Within most households
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Smce Celestino had not leamed Itali
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would labour on the farm, his pants
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LAFRANCHI The Lafranchis were anoth
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where he began dairy farming. The m
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Proud of the wealth he had accumula
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family needs ~ with an economy and
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Melboume and Sydney through a netwo
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Food nevertheless continued to serv
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providing a Unk between the immigra
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status and wealth he had eamed as a
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on deck from the book, drapery, sta
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When she was fifteen years old and
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In a similar way, family anecdotes
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In 1929 Anchigi, the much loved son
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PERINI Like most of the ItaUan-spea
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Fuhvood, it represented a movement
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eaders, carrying messages from comp
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Many ItaUan speakers eamed the resp
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On 14 March 1865 Vincenzo purchased
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usmess. Mrs Laughnan, a local schoo
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was bom two years later on 26 Octob
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elated to this problem. The Swiss S
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gold watch and chain from the peopl
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Spring Creek assumed after 1906) ha
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Australia, where he found employmen
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the guest-house was again damaged b
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RIGHETTI Four brothers of the Righe
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equipment and began their search. N
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While the food rations initially ha
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Despite the conflicts with competit
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years later he purchased the land o
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Unlike most Irish girls who married
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children (see previous sections) Lu
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for your future welfare will accomp
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- before shifting to Daylesford and
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knife and eaten on toast or bread,
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place among Australia's noteworthy
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CHAPTER FTVE : SCOUTING 225
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cane cutters and railway navvies, w
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earUest years of the 1850s, there w
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numbered ten out of a possible 60 w
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peasant farmers. Along with those u
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Racemande alia meglie e sorelle di
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Operating larger mines which employ
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theu actions through their letters
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The antagonism showm towards the Ch
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The greatest hardship, however, cam
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Many immigrants would also have bee
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usage, they also reflected a phonet
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MILESI By 1855, emigration to Austr
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ought social unrest and uncertainty
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The lack of documentary evidence fo
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Having remained in Hepbum as a mine
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Shepherds Flat the couple had buUt
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GUSCETTI Not all the Italian speake
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one Dr Marini of Besans, a nobleman
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fiiend in Milan a few days later. R
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'dottor dei pomi di terra' (doctor
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In 1857, Severino and Giuditta prod
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Severino may have selected his frie
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honorary medical officer receiving
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disease of the liver'"**). Despite
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VANINA Unlike the Guscettis, who ar
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Australia, Carlo had decided to set
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Another traditional feature of the
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household where, at the end of the
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Giuseppa, with a farm to manage and
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(ref figure 9).'" Luigia had given
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its lovely big kitchen, and the sto
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known as) Alzheimer's Disease. Nurs
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transferred."** Hs daughter Mary be
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the Vanina family remained in Hepbu
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SETTLING While some of the Italian
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emained beyond the means of many It
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[the] expertise of the Italians was
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While the Swiss read with sadness t
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Filippini. In 1859 three applicatio
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planting vegetables, fi-uit trees,
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despite his lack of British citizen
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as well as the many Italian-speakin
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compatriots' legal matters provided
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community'.'* While never achieving
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GERVASONI It is surprising that as
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Italian speakers, strengthened thei
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wife Maria to join him in the Colon
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eplacing the more common si sottosc
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workrooms for carrying out domestic
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contact wdth the Anglo-Celtic popul
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Giuseppe always wrote in Italian, h
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from the purely practical features
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With its increasing number of ItaUa
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Much of the fi^it for their wdne an
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family's crops were destroyed. Late
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audiences over the next 40 years. J
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was with a group of eight fellow vi
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for, the peoples of Europe. During
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Maria Celestina Elvezia in recognit
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identification with a new 'home' ou
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Eastem HiU. His children and grandc
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GAGGIONI The story of the Gaggioni
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Despite his many years in Australia
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In the dovmstairs living area was a
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farmed land extending back to Sprin
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constmcted from creek stones from n
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taught more about the countries to
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ushfires which raged through Hepbum
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other Italian speakers against the
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in political affairs, at one time h
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CHAPTER NINE : HOME AND FAMILY 367
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Gossip concerning bigamous relation
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sin. Along with a common faith, the
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houses in Ticino and northern Italy
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The preparation of the land before
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used in the constmction process wer
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esembled similar architectural feat
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Fmgality and an ingenious use of re
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When the daily work was done, the f
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As vital participants in their fami
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language which the children brought
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games were usually a male-dominated
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CHAPTER TEN : FAMILIES 1888 - 1889
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(peasant fanner) married to Maria M
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As expected, the Vanzettas were abl
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area. Leading from the bakery, with
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By 1898, the profits of the bakery
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Added to this, one of his children
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of the alpine farmer. Opposite thei
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As the century progressed and the V
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forgetfiil at times, he was still a
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RODONI Isidoro Rodoni, like his cou
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Aquilino Tinetti had arrived in Aus
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Italian speakers providing unusual
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the younger children,^'* Like the V
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weighed 140 to 180 kilogrammes, a s
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social bonds. A small proportion of
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'farming' years and the establishme
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LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING FORWARD Th
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Alessandro Brocchi's defence of his
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habhs in that period on the goldfie
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Working on the goldfields as miners
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family, many women had become physi
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Italian speakers, thus, had the pow
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Around their homes the Italian spea
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in his native language, cf above pp
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playmates; Lucinis' pasta factory i
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other ItaUan-speaking families dona
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cooperativeness had formed the basi
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stmggled to preserve important aspe
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Following the influx of Ticinesi an
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Skin colour had (as many years befo
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self-sufficient. Post-war ItaUans w
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ethnic culture,'" While a shortage
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about using their mother-tongue in
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It insists on specificity, on conju
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INTRODUCTION 1, Sandro Bianconi, /
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25. Denis Mack Smith, Italy: A Mode
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THE EMIGRANTS 1. Henry T. Maddicks,
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27. May N. Diaz and Jack M. Potter,
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POZZI 1. GentiUi (1988) p. 3. 2. ib
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28. Leonardo Pozzi, letter 7 Septem
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is attended by members of the South
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17, Lazzaro's name has not been loc
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49, Refer to above comment p, 5. 50
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15. 'Our short trip has up to now b
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34. 'hnmediately we made an appeal
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QUANCHI 1. Maggia Municipal Records
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31, Much of the information regardi
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TOMASETTI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p.
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35. ibid. 36. ibid. 37. ibid. 3 8.
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LAFRANCHI 1. GentiUi (1988) pp. 59-
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32, The tricolour flag It always wa
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PERINI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p. 12
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28. Vincenzo Perini, business ledge
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RIGHETTI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol. 1, p.
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have sold us their oven for 30 poun
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48, ibid. 49, Sidney Righetti, inte
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SCOUTING 1. Robert Pascoe, 'Place a
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25. Maddicks (1981) p. 21 26. ibid.
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45. 'to eam bread it was necessary
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MILESI 1. CjentilU(1988)p, 3, 2. Re
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GUSCETTI 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p.
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24. 'Most of the Swiss are here, a
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VANINA 1. Cheda (1979) Vol 1, p. 13
Page 552 and 553: 30. The small weatherboard house re
Page 554 and 555: 11. 'Scarce was the number of labou
Page 556 and 557: GERVASONI 1. GentUU (1988) p. 3. 2.
Page 558 and 559: 30. Vision and Realisation, Vol 2,
Page 560 and 561: 19. CaUgari (1972) p. 3. 20. Inform
Page 562 and 563: constmction of the home was provide
Page 564 and 565: 48, ibid, 49, Information derived f
Page 566 and 567: 16, Bart)ara Walsh, 'Bergamo', Ital
Page 568 and 569: VANZETTA 1. GentiUi (1988) p. 3. 2.
Page 570 and 571: 25. Shire of Mount Franklin rate bo
Page 572 and 573: RODONI 1. GentiUi (1988) p. 93. 2.
Page 574 and 575: 34. ibid. 35. ibid. 36. ibid. 37. I
Page 576 and 577: described by Pascoe and Bertola in
Page 578 and 579: 39. Victoria Directorate of School
Page 580 and 581: BIBLIOGRAPHY Alcorso, Caroline et a
Page 582 and 583: Bianconi, Sandro, / due linguaggi:
Page 584 and 585: Castles, S., et al, eds, Australia'
Page 586 and 587: Daylesford Mercury and Express, 24
Page 588 and 589: FumagaUi, Alberto, 'Architettura co
Page 590 and 591: Hibbins, G. M., Fahey, C. and Askew
Page 592 and 593: Lewds (Lafranchi), Marie, interview
Page 594 and 595: Minutes, Proceedings and Correspond
Page 596 and 597: Pascoe, Robert and Bertola, Patrick
Page 598 and 599: Sagazio, Celestina, Italian Craftsm
Page 600 and 601: Tomasetti, G. The Swiss at Blampied
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