Mediterranean Action Plan

118
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Year Petrol White spirit Diesel fuel Lubricants oils Fuel oil Bitumen
1994 - No data - 2 No data No data
1995 - No data - 1 No data No data
Source: Statistical Yearbook of SRB&H of 1983 and 1992
The actual production in 2005 in Bosanski Brod refinery was just 135,349 tones per year,
equivalent to about 2,800 barrels per day. That is only 3% of the refinery’s theoretical
capacity, which is obviously a good indicator of Bosanski Brod’s financial problem.
The Modriča lubricants refinery, produced just 11,127 tones in 2005, compared with 107,726
tones in 1990.
2.3 Impa cts and risks of th e observed and f ore cast evo l u t ions
2.3.1 Energy dependence and Energy bill, reduction in exports capacities
The basic identified sources of primary energy in BiH are coal and hydropower. In 2001,
annual production of energy from those sources in BiH amounted to about 62 percent of the
total consumption of primary energy, which indicates that BiH is dependent on the imports of
energy, as certain energy sources, for now, can not be replaced with domestic energy
sources.
Electric power generation accounts for three-quarters of coal demand. The remainder is
delivered for the industrial and district heat generation purposes, sold on the general market
or exported.
The bulk of coal (about 70% in 1990, more than 90% in 1997 and about 78% in 2001) is
used for power production. Taking into account the economy of coal exploitation, as well as
the existing efficiency of the transformation of coal energy into other forms of energy, a part
of coal used in the production of electricity could be reduced in comparison with the existing
situation. The present level of consumption of oil and gas is significantly lower than the prewar
consumption. The liquid fuels and natural gas, for now, need to be imported.
The consumption of oil and gas should rise once the economy revives. It will remain
necessary to import oil in the coming years. The imports of petroleum products and the
processing of oil will depend on the resolution of political issues in BiH, as the processing
capacities in the country are sufficient for virtually the total of consumption of petroleum
products in the country.
Current gas consumption is significantly lower than in 1990, again due to the poor conditions
in the industrial sector. Due to the unfavourable natural gas consumption mix (relatively high
share of heating and household consumption), the dynamics of consumption are also
unfavourable (winter consumption is considerably higher), resulting in increased prices of
natural gas. In addition, gas is procured over only one pipeline and from one supplier only,
which makes supply stability an issue.
The problem of storing oil and, possibly, natural gas, has not been resolved, although some
solutions for gas storage facilities exist. [3]
Electricity
Table 37 Indicator Electricity dependency rate of B&H for period of 1970-1996
Year Export of
electricity in
GWh
Import of
electricity in
GWh
Net electricity import Export/production
1971 2,499 141 -2,358 2,358/6,374=0.37
1981 1,889 - -1,889 1,889/11,299=0.16
1991 3,150 1,580 -1,570 1,570/15,031=0.10
1994 283 17 -266 266/3,663=0.07
1996 - - - -
Source: Statistical Yearbook of FB&H of 1993-1998
This indicator shows that B&H is net electricity exporter.