Mediterranean Action Plan

TURKEY - National Study
Figure 18 A schematic of Balcova-Narlidere-Izmir geothermal district heating system [77]
In the district heating system investigated, there are two systems, namely the Izmir–Balcova
geothermal district heating system (IBGDHS) and the Izmir–Narlidere geothermal district
heating system (INGDHS). The design heating capacity of the IBGDHS is equivalent to 7500
residences. The INGDHS was designed for 1500 residence equivalence but has a sufficient
infrastructure to allow a capacity growth to 5000 residence equivalence. The outdoor and
indoor design temperatures for the two systems are 0 and 22 ºC, respectively. Figure 54 [77]
illustrates a schematic of the IBGF, where the IBGDHS, the INGDHS and hotels and official
buildings heated by geothermal energy were included [77]. The IBGDHS consists mainly of
three cycles, such as: (a) energy production cycle (geothermal well loop and geothermal
heating centre loop), (b) energy distribution cycle (district heating distribution network) and
(c) energy consumption cycle (building substations).
As of the end of 2001, there are 14 wells ranging in depth from 48 to 1100 m in the IBGF. Of
these, seven and six wells are production and re-injection wells, respectively, while one well
is out of operation, as can be seen in Table 56 [78]. The well head temperatures of the
production wells vary from 95 to 140 ºC, with an average value of 118 ºC, while the
volumetric flow rates of the wells range from 30 to 150 m 3 /h. Geothermal fluid, collected from
the seven production wells at an average well head temperature of 118 ºC, is pumped to a
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