Mediterranean Action Plan

SYRIA - National study
Convert existing single gas turbine to combined cycle. Expansion
dependency on natural gas. Decrease total electrical losses in Syrian power
system. Improve billing & electric meter reading system in distribution
networks. Decrease specific consumption of HFO & NG down to 174
goe/kWh in 2020, throw economic operation of existing PP. Improve technical
qualification of working manpower in ministry of electricity. Improve power
system’s load factor by applying DSM procedures. Construct pumping
storage hydro-electric power plant on Euphrates river. Provide all existing
power plants with EMS & MMS.
Expansion dependency on renewable energies (solar, wind, biomass)
Improve & enhance power systems interconnections with Arabic countries &
Turkey.Impacts a nd r isks of t he observed and f o recast
e vo l u tions
Energy dependence and Energy bill, reduction in export capacities
ENE_C01: External Energy Dependency
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Domestic
supply (MTOE) 34.67 34.89 34.85 35.11 35.07 33.57 35.45 38.70 37.47 29.46 28.26
Domestic
demand
(MTOE) 12.34 12.57 13.75 14.27 14.92 15.75 16.02 16.61 16.59 18.55 21.07
Energy
dependency
rate % -181 -178 -154 -146 -135 -113 -121 -133 -126 -59 -34
ENE_PO3: Greenhouse gas effect emission; CO2 emitted from energy production and use.
Years 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
CO2 emission by oil products
(mton CO2 equivalent)
CO2 emission by natural gas
(mton CO2 equivalent)
Total (mton CO2 equivalent)
23.18 24.58
27.7
1
28.07 26.27 26.63 25.90 27.74
1.79 2.00 2.62 2.96 4.29 5.88 6.97 8.17
24.97 26.59
30.3
3
31.03 30.56 32.51 32.88 35.91
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
29.02 30.48
33.3
8
33.90 35.20 33.28 39.25 45.61
8.94 9.18 8.92 9.57 11.36 11.07 10.85 11.08
37.97 39.66
42.2
9
Review about the National Environmental Policy
43.47 46.56 44.35 50.11 56.69
The total CO2 emissions are 42.29 m ton (the energy sector are approximately 18.528 million
tones) in year 2000. The application of RES is modest, mainly due to the low (subsidized)
energy and electricity prices. Syria’s potential to utilize solar energy is very large. Despite,
the high solar energy potential, solar heaters and photovoltaic systems are not extensively
used. Wind is another source of high potential in Syria although it is not sufficiently exploited.
CO2 equivalent emissions per capita are approximately 2.6 tones / capita.
Hot spots of environmental impact / environmental problems are air-borne emissions caused by transportation
intercity, by space and water heating using DO in residential sector, refineries, textile, chemical and cement
factories. Emissions to water and soil, not mentioned.
Environment in the ninth five years plan in Syria (Strategic goals)
Realization sustainable development and natural resources & environmental balance
conservation.
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