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Blazing New Trails - Connexions

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118 CRITICAL ISSUES IN SHARED LEADERSHIP<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

In conclusion, this study was an initial foray into research terrain that currently has a<br />

dearth of information—the nexus among special education administration, small rural school<br />

districts and the roles and responsibilities of small district educational leaders. Rodriquez<br />

(2007) suggested a need for increased special education training in pre-service administrative<br />

programs. Until we begin to understand what special education functions are addressed by<br />

school leaders in rural states, such as Montana, where districts that have spare populations and<br />

serve large areas of geography, we can only speculate about what students need to know.<br />

Similarly, we need to know which functions are performed by the school administrators and<br />

to what extent. We need to know why rural school administrators are delegating the functions,<br />

in order to effectively revise or design educational leadership preparation programs that<br />

adequately prepare future administrators for assuming leadership roles and provide support<br />

for those already serving in the field within these small and geographically isolated school<br />

districts. Although the conclusions are limited by the size of the sample and the reliance of<br />

self-reports, this study does provide a contribution to the literature of the field by suggesting<br />

that small rural school and school district leaders are attending to the administration of special<br />

education programs in their schools and assuring primary leadership roles with multiple<br />

responsibilities. Further studies are needed to substantiate this finding and to continue to build<br />

our understanding regarding the needs of rural school leaders in administering special<br />

education programs.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Bays, D. A. (2001). Supervision of special education instruction in rural public school districts: A grounded<br />

theory. Dissertation Abstract International: 64, no. 10A (2006): 3642.<br />

DiPaola, M. F., Walther-Thomas, C. (2003). Principals and special education: The critical role of school<br />

leaders (COPPSE Document No. IB-7). Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Center on Personnel<br />

Studies in Special Education.<br />

Dunlop, C. D. (2006). Perceptions of superintendents and business managers regarding purchasing policies,<br />

practices, and procedures in small, rural school districts: A North Dakota study. Dissertation Abstract<br />

International: 67, no. 11A (2006): 4047.<br />

Hansen, S. P. (2007) Ending Special Education’s Isolation. Principal Leadership 7(9), 37–40.<br />

Helge, D. (1981). Problems in implementing comprehensive special education programming in rural areas.<br />

Exceptional Children, 50(4), 294–305.<br />

Hesbol, D. G., (2005). The role understanding and perceptions of the superintendent/principal in small rural<br />

Illinois schools. Dissertation Abstract International: 66, no. 07A: 2452.<br />

Hodge, C. L. (2007). Effects of No Child Left Behind mandates on special education programs in rural school<br />

districts. Dissertation Abstract International: 70, no. 01A (2007): 140.<br />

Hutchinson-Page, L. M., (2004) Attrition and mentoring special education teachers in rural Georgia. Dissertation<br />

Abstract International: 65, no. 02A: 465.<br />

Kouzes, J. M. & Posner, B. Z. (2007). The leadership challenge (4 th ed.) San Francisco: Josey-Bass.<br />

Lamkin, M. L. (2006). Challenges and changes faced by rural superintendents. Rural Educator, 28(1)17–24.<br />

Lasky, B., Karge, B. D. (2006) Meeting the Needs of Students with Disabilities: Experience and Confidence of<br />

Principals. NASSP Bulletin, 90(1) 19–36.<br />

Lochry, R. R. (1998). The superintendent/principal in small, rural elementary school districts in California:<br />

Managing dual responsibilities. Dissertation Abstract International: 59, no. 04A: 1028.<br />

Patterson, J. (2001). School leader's guide to special education: Essentials for principals. Alexandria, VA:<br />

National Association of Elementary School Principals.<br />

Patterson, J., Bowling, D., Marshall, C. (2000). Are Principals Prepared To Manage Special Education<br />

Dilemmas? NASSP Bulletin, 84(613), 9–20.

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