Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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100 Methodology 1) Investigating the influence of silicon on plant regeneration Identical experiments were conducted at Fargo, ND, and Aberdeen, ID. Following the procedures described in Bregitzer et al. (2000), the plant regeneration response of callus derived from immature embryos of three cultivars--Morex, Harrington, and Golden Promise-- were measured in response to various levels of silicon supplementation (as SiO2; control (0), 10, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 :M Si for initial experiments). Data were analyzed using the SAS procedure CATMOD. 2) Measuring somaclonal variation in plants derived from the original and improved media The experiments conducted last year (The effects of media improvements on newer cultivars and advanced breeding lines, AMBA Prog. Rep. 2000) compared the regeneration responses on our original and improved media. Four regenerated plantstwo from the original media, two from the improved media--were grown to maturity from eight cultivars or breeding lines: Colter, Crystal, Conlon, Baronesse, Morex, 90Ab321, Drummond, and Golden Promise. Seed from these plants, and their respective single plant-derived parental controls, was increased in New Zealand during their 2000-2001 growing season. The agronomic performance of these lines were evaluated in replicated plots at two locations, Aberdeen (irrigated) and Tetonia, (dryland) ID. Standard smallplot yield trials were conducted: 4 replicates at each location; 40 sq. ft. per plot; traits to be measured include heading date, plant height, lodging percentage, grain yield, test weight, and percentage plump kernels. Results Influence of silicon on plant regeneration One of two planned experiments has been completed at each location, and the second experiment is nearing completion. The Aberdeen data do not include Harrington because of plant health problems in the growth chamber. Significant differences in plant regeneration were found among cultivars, locations and silicon concentrations, but the interaction between silicon concentration and cultivars was not significant. The addition of silicon to the media increased green plant regeneration for all cultivars at both locations. Overall, regeneration rates were highest when 500 :M Si was added to the media, which induced, on average, more than double the number of regenerated plants induced on medium lacking silicon. The amount of silicon in the media appeared to have no effect on the number of albino plants regenerated. A second set of experiments is underway at both locations, dropping the 10 and 5000 :M Si concentrations. These experiments will confirm whether the 500 :M Si concentration results in increased green plant regeneration. Agronomic performance of regenerated plants Two important differences between the "original" and "improved" media formulations are the increased copper concentration and the addition of BAP. Previous agronomic
101 trials of plants regenerated from media containing high or low concentrations of copper did not indicate any relationship between copper levels and agronomic performance (Bregitzer, unpublished). Given the critical role of BAP for the induction and maintenance of the highly-differentiated, meristematic tissues that have been found to reduce SCV, we were interested in whether SCV could be reduced by the inclusion of BAP in the relatively undifferentiated, embryogenic culture system that was the subject of these investigations, and which is by far the most common type of tissue culture system used for in vitro manipulations of barley. Table 2 shows the agronomic performance of plant derived from non-tissue-cultured controls, plants regenerated from the original media, and plants derived from the improved media. The results were consistent with previous data in that there was a tendency for reduced performance from tissue culture-derived plants. However, no consistent differences were noted between plants derived from the two media systems, and the average performances of all lines revealed no relationship of agronomic performance and the media system used. Given the average 15-fold increase in regenerability provided by the improved media system, these data also did not show any relationship between regenerability and agronomic performance. Thus, although the improved media system should facilitate transformation of elite cultivars, meaningful reductions in SCV will require also the establishment and maintenance of the more differentiated, meristematic tissues described by Cho et al. (1998) and Zhang et al. (1999) Personnel Mrs. Luming Brewer – laboratory technician – tissue culture Mrs. Mary Wentz - laboratory technician – tissue culture Mr. Vince Edwards--Biological Science Technician References Bregitzer, P., S. Zhang, M-J. Cho, and P. G. Lemaux. 2002. Reduced somaclonal variation in barley is associated with culturing highly differentiated, meristematic tissues. Crop Sci. 42: (in press). Bregitzer, P., R.D. Campbell, L.S. Dahleen, P.G. Lemaux, and M-J. Cho. 2000. Development of transformation systems for elite barley cultivars. Barley Genetics Newsletter 30:10-12. Bregitzer, P., L. Dahleen, and P.G. Lemaux. 1999. Development and implementation of improved tissue culture media for the in vitro manipulation of malting barley. Ann. Prog. <strong>Report</strong> on Malting Barley Res., pp. 1-8. Cho, M-J., W. Zhang, and P.G. Lemaux. 1998. Transformation of recalcitrant barley cultivars through improvement of regenerability and decreased albinism. Plant Sci. 138:229-244. Dahleen, L.S., and P. Bregitzer. An improved media system for high regeneration rates from barley immature embryo-derived callus cultures of commercial cultivars. Crop Sci 42: (in press).
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
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Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
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1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
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3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
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5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
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7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
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9 This project is supported by the
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11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
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13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
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15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
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17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
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19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
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21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
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23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
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25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
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Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
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29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
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31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
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33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
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35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
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39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
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41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
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43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
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45 assessments were made by countin
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47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
Page 57 and 58: 49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
Page 59 and 60: 51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
Page 69 and 70: 61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
Page 71 and 72: 63 performance for Montana farmers.
Page 73 and 74: 65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
Page 75 and 76: 67 settling tower cannot accommodat
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
Page 79 and 80: 71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
Page 83 and 84: 75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
Page 85 and 86: 77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 87 and 88: 79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89 and 90: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 91 and 92: 83 • Management studies for malt
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 111 and 112: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 113 and 114: 105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
Page 125 and 126: 117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
Page 127 and 128: 119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
Page 129 and 130: 121 Table 7. Across location summar
Page 131 and 132: 123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
Page 133 and 134: 125
Page 135 and 136: 127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
Page 137 and 138: 129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
Page 139 and 140: 131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
Page 141 and 142: 133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
Page 143 and 144: 135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
Page 145 and 146: 137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
Page 147 and 148: 139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
Page 149 and 150: 141 modification measures indicated
Page 151 and 152: 143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
Page 153 and 154: 145 Purification of a serine endope
Page 155 and 156: 147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
Page 157 and 158: 149 with the proteinase T will be s
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151 10°C increase in thermostabili
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153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
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µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
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157 Tissue-specific gene products f
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159 The promoters were subcloned fr
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161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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