Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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66 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF BARLEY LEAF DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGAL PATHOGENS M. R. Johnston Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 OBJECTIVES Continue to develop a catalog of mapped stripe rust resistance loci with special emphasis on temperature sensitive and growth stage dependant disease resistant reactions in order to implement a rational and durable stripe rust management strategy for the western U.S. In connection with objective we will also investigate resistance to several other fungal leaf diseases in segregating populations. The final goal would be the release of barley cultivars with multiple resistances. The popular demand for pesticide free food will make chemical control of diseases more undesirable in future. Environmental aspects are expected to further restrict the application of chemicals in agriculture. The use of resistant cultivars as opposed to susceptible ones will give barley growers more competitive in such a marketplace. Moreover resistant cultivars are considered an economical means of disease control. In the past single genes for disease resistance have been rendered ineffective by the everchanging pathogens. Strategies such as the employment of numerous genes in one cultivar or the use of nontraditional resistance genes (temperature sensitive genes, adult plant resistance) are advisable. METHODS Selected lines from the Oregon State breeding program (as well as other interested programs) will be inoculated with pure cultures of barley stripe rust and subjected to different temperature profiles. The normal evaluation environment will be 65°/70°F (dark/light). 54°/60°F (dark light) will represent the cool environment. Plants are grown under these conditions prior to inoculation. A measured amount of urediniospores will be shot up into a settling tower with a CO2 gun and allowed to settle for 4 min. Resulting in an even distribution of inoculum. Inoculated plants are then placed in a dew chamber at 10°C for a minimum of 24 hrs. and subsequently returned to their respective environments. Disease reactions will be evaluated 10 or 18 days after inoculation depending on the temperature regime used. The reaction type will be determined on the first and second leaves. We will also subject the materials to the disease at different developmental stages. Adult plant resistance in wheat to stripe rust is well documented. Plants with already determined seedling reaction will be grown to maturity under evaluation environment which resembles natural conditions during the summer months (15°/24°C). Plants will be inoculated when the stems elongate and a second time when the flag leaf is fully developed. Plants will be dusted with a mixture of talcum and urediniospores since the
67 settling tower cannot accommodate larger plants. Inoculated plants will be treated as described above. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative resistance genes to barley stripe rust have been pyramided in numerous two-row spring barley lines in the Oregon program. Sixty-three of these with documented field resistance to barley stripe rust were evaluated for seedling resistance under two different temperature profiles (Tab. 1 and 2). The majority of the lines also exhibited a highly resistant or intermediate reaction as seedlings. Few lines were scored highly susceptible. Differences between the two temperature profiles used were small. Some plants were allowed to develop to the boot stage. These were reinoculated and evaluated for resistance. A number of lines showed considerable differences between seedling and adult stage reaction to barley stripe rust. Forty-four spring and winter barley breeding lines from the Oregon program with field resistance to barley stripe rust were evaluated in the described fashion (Tab. 3). As described above, most of these lines were also resistant as seedlings under both temperature profiles. This set, however, seems to contain a few entries with a highly temperature dependent reaction to the pathogen (Stab 7, Icaro/Acuario34 and Ajo/He6890 18-3). One entry (Stab 113) was segregating (3:1) for resistance to stripe rust. Table. 1: Seedling reaction to stripe rust of 18 two-row spring barley lines with adult plant resistance. Line Pedigree Stripe Rust Reaction Night/day temp. 65/70F 55/60F OPS 35 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 5 8 OPS 36 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 2n OPS 37 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 1 OPS 38 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 5 7 OPS 41 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 1n OPS 42 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 6 7 OPS 43 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 7 7 OPS 44 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 7 8 OPS 46 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 1 OPS 48 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 1 1 OPS 49 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 1 OPS 54 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 8 8 OPS 68 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 1n 1n OPS 73 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 1n 1n OPS 79 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 1n OPS 80 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 1 1 OPS 83 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 2n 2n OPS 85 BCD12xD3-6/B61(Ops) 1 1
Page 1 and 2:
Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
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Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
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1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
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3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
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5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
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7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
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9 This project is supported by the
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11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
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13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
Page 23 and 24: 15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
Page 25 and 26: 17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
Page 27 and 28: 19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
Page 29 and 30: 21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
Page 31 and 32: 23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
Page 33 and 34: 25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
Page 35 and 36: Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
Page 37 and 38: 29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
Page 39 and 40: 31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
Page 41 and 42: 33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
Page 43 and 44: 35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 45 and 46: 37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
Page 47 and 48: 39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
Page 49 and 50: 41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
Page 51 and 52: 43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
Page 53 and 54: 45 assessments were made by countin
Page 55 and 56: 47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
Page 57 and 58: 49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
Page 59 and 60: 51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
Page 69 and 70: 61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
Page 71 and 72: 63 performance for Montana farmers.
Page 73: 65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
Page 79 and 80: 71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
Page 83 and 84: 75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
Page 85 and 86: 77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 87 and 88: 79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89 and 90: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 91 and 92: 83 • Management studies for malt
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107 and 108: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 109 and 110: 101 trials of plants regenerated fr
Page 111 and 112: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 113 and 114: 105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
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117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
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119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
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121 Table 7. Across location summar
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123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
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125
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127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
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129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
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131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
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133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
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135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
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137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
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139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
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141 modification measures indicated
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143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
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145 Purification of a serine endope
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147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
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149 with the proteinase T will be s
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151 10°C increase in thermostabili
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153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
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µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
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157 Tissue-specific gene products f
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159 The promoters were subcloned fr
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161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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