Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

More documents

Recommendations

Info

74 were planted at two locations. Half of the 15,000 head rows were planted at Casselton on 19 May and the other half at Prosper on 29 May. Stand establishment was good, but standing water damaged the head rows at both locations. Head rows were selected for harvest based on spot blotch reaction, plant height, and estimated plant vigor. After harvest and threshing, nearly half of the seed lots were discarded based on thin kernels, poor seed color, or undesirable threshing characteristics. Seed lots from 1310 head rows and 36 check rows were submitted to the Department of Cereal Science for determination of grain protein values. Based on the results, two spikes from each of 693 head rows were planted in a winter nursery near Yuma, AZ to increase seed for the 2002 preliminary yield trials. Diastatic power values will be estimated using remnant seed before rows are selected for harvest. Relative straw strength, early maturity, and general appearance will also be used as criteria to identify rows for harvest. The crosses planted in the 2001 head rows were made to combine leaf spot resistance with low grain protein and high malt extract. However, a severe spot blotch epidemic was observed in nurseries at both Casselton and Prosper. Only a few head rows were found to have low leaf spot incidence. This was unexpected because most parents were moderately resistant to spot blotch. Isolates were made from infected leaves of 2ND16461 by Mr. Yongliang Sun, Department of Plant Pathology, NDSU. The causal agent was identified as Cochliobolus sativus. Seedling disease tests conducted by Mr. Sun and Dr. Stephen Neate showed that many two-rowed lines and several six-rowed cultivars are susceptible to this new isolate, but resistant to older isolates. The F2 progenies of 119 crosses were planted at Fargo and Prosper on 26 May and 29 May, respectively. During late June and early July standing water damaged plants in both F2 nurseries. Spikes were selected from individual plants in the best progenies at both locations. Also, F2 progenies of 99 promising crosses were sent to Christchurch, New Zealand or Yuma, AZ for rapid generation advance in winter nurseries. Many of these crosses were made to incorporate FHB resistance and early maturity genes into elite tworowed breeding materials. Over 350 crosses were made in 2001 spring and fall greenhouse nurseries. The primary breeding goal was to combine large seed size and low grain protein with better FHB resistance. Crosses designed to add resistance to the new spot blotch isolate were a priority in the fall greenhouse nursery. Because the Eam6.h of Midwest barley cultivars is located in the repulsion phase with QTLs for FHB resistance in chromosome 2H, several crosses were made to evaluate the Eam5.x, eam9.l, or eam10.m genes for early maturity in locally adapted material. A few crosses were made to incorporate the Rph15 gene for leaf rust resistance. The F1 generation of some crosses will be grown in the 2002 spring greenhouse, others will be grown at Langdon this summer. Special Projects 1. Development of Morphological Marker Stocks in Bowman Barley. Backcrossing individual morphological marker genes into the Bowman genetic background was continued in 2001. Selected Bowman backcross-derived lines were grown near Christchurch, New Zealand to collect agronomic data. Many morphological
75 mutants reduce plant vigor and grain yield; however, a few dense spike and semidwarf mutants appeared to cause little yield reduction and improved lodging tolerance. The agronomic value of several mutants should be reevaluated at other locations and in better genetic backgrounds. 2. Recurrent Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance. The male-sterile facilitated recurrent selection population for FHB resistance in two-rowed barley has undergone two cycles of selection for FHB resistance. Agronomically desirable plants were selected at Langdon from rows derived male sterile plants harvested from the Yuma nursery in 2001. Rows from these 259 seed lots were planted in the 2001-2002 winter nursery at Yuma to facilitate random mating for the next cycle of selection. 3. Resistance to Septoria passerinii. Ms. Manju Kathikeyan completed her studies on the inheritance of resistance to septoria leaf blotch in barley. Inheritance tests indicate that dominant genes control seedling reactions to S. passerinii in several resistant cultivars. The genes for resistance to S. passerinii appeared to have additive interactions. In highly resistant wild barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, accessions, two or more dominant genes controlled seedling reactions to septoria leaf blotch. Incorporating resistance into elite breeding material is complicated by related pathogens and by the lack of reliable field or greenhouse tests. 4. Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Plant Height Genes. Recent studies have mapped at least three QTLs for FHB resistance in chromosome 2HL. One near the Vrs1 locus, one near the Eam6 locus, and one distal from the Vrs1 locus. Besides the vrs1 and Eam6 loci, several other agronomically important genes are located in this region of chromosome 2H. The hcm1 reduces plant height, the lin1 gene is associated with fewer rachis nodes per spike and increased kernel plumpness, and the Hcm2 appears to increase peduncle length. The assumed sequence of these genes in 2HL of Midwest six-rowed barleys is vrs1.a - lin1.a - hcm1.a - hcm2.b - Gth1 - Eam6.h. The Gth1 (toothed or barbed lemma veins) gene is often associated with low malt extract values in two-rowed barley. Highly FHB resistant accessions appear to have the genes Vrs1.d - Lin1 - Hcm1 - Hcm2 - Gth1 - eam6 at these loci. Ms. Nadejda Krasheninnik is examining the height genes in several progenies in order to confirm that the above analysis in correct. She is also studying the maturity mutant, mat-c, located near the Gth1 locus in chromosome 2HL. In crosses heterozygous for alleles at both loci, segregates having a recombination between the vrs1 and mat-c loci can be identified visually. If an FHB resistance gene is located between these markers, desirable recombinants could be easy to identify. 5. Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Early Maturity Genes. Several introduced cultivars from China and Japan have moderately resistant to FHB in tests conducted at Hangzhou, China. However, they head very early and low yielding in ND. When several of these lines were crossed to Midwest two-rowed lines, very few FHB resistant selections were recovered. Genes controlling photoperiod response caused the difficulties in evaluation and utilization of FHB
Page 1 and 2:
Annual Pro
Page 3:
-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
Page 6 and 7:
Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
Page 9 and 10:
1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
Page 11 and 12:
3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
Page 13 and 14:
5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
Page 15 and 16:
7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
Page 17 and 18:
9 This project is supported by the
Page 19 and 20:
11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
Page 21 and 22:
13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
Page 23 and 24:
15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
Page 25 and 26:
17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
Page 27 and 28:
19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
Page 29 and 30:
21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
Page 31 and 32: 23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
Page 33 and 34: 25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
Page 35 and 36: Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
Page 37 and 38: 29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
Page 39 and 40: 31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
Page 41 and 42: 33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
Page 43 and 44: 35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 45 and 46: 37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
Page 47 and 48: 39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
Page 49 and 50: 41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
Page 51 and 52: 43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
Page 53 and 54: 45 assessments were made by countin
Page 55 and 56: 47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
Page 57 and 58: 49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
Page 59 and 60: 51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
Page 69 and 70: 61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
Page 71 and 72: 63 performance for Montana farmers.
Page 73 and 74: 65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
Page 75 and 76: 67 settling tower cannot accommodat
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
Page 79 and 80: 71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 81: Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
Page 85 and 86: 77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 87 and 88: 79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89 and 90: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 91 and 92: 83 • Management studies for malt
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107 and 108: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 109 and 110: 101 trials of plants regenerated fr
Page 111 and 112: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 113 and 114: 105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
Page 125 and 126: 117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
Page 127 and 128: 119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
Page 129 and 130: 121 Table 7. Across location summar
Page 131 and 132: 123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
Page 133 and 134:
125
Page 135 and 136:
127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
Page 137 and 138:
129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
Page 139 and 140:
131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
Page 141 and 142:
133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
Page 143 and 144:
135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
Page 145 and 146:
137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
Page 147 and 148:
139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
Page 149 and 150:
141 modification measures indicated
Page 151 and 152:
143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
Page 153 and 154:
145 Purification of a serine endope
Page 155 and 156:
147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
Page 157 and 158:
149 with the proteinase T will be s
Page 159 and 160:
151 10°C increase in thermostabili
Page 161 and 162:
153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
Page 163 and 164:
µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
Page 165 and 166:
157 Tissue-specific gene products f
Page 167 and 168:
159 The promoters were subcloned fr
Page 169:
161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
show all

Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?