Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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82 Breeding for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance A mist-irrigated FHB epidemic nursery was established near Osnabrock, ND in 1998. Plants in the mist-irrigated nursery are inoculated by spreading F. graminearum infected corn and barley grain throughout the nursery. Remnant seed from approximately 8,000 F3 and F4 progeny rows grown in an adjacent uninoculated nursery was used to sow hill plots in the mist-irrigated nursery. Selection of progeny rows for harvest in the uninoculated nursery was based, in part, on the level of FHB resistance of the corresponding hill plot in the mist-irrigated nursery. Harvested grain from the selected progeny rows were evaluated for DON accumulation. The most resistant plants in the corresponding hill plots were individually harvested and were evaluated for FHB resistance in the greenhouse during fall 2001 and winter 2001-2002. Based on information obtained from the greenhouse screening, seed from the most resistant plants will be harvested and used for sowing parents for crossing in the 2002-fall greenhouse and will be advanced for additional field screening during summer 2002. Western North Dakota Malting Barley Program The 2001 North Dakota Legislature recommended that the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station spend up to $288,000 on research and development of malting barley for western North Dakota. Representatives Frank Wald of Dickinson, ND and Bob Skarphol of Tioga, ND championed this program through the legislative process. These gentlemen along with other state legislatures recognized the growing importance of western North Dakota for malting barley production due to the Fusarium head blight epidemic in eastern North Dakota the last nine years. The expansion of our effort in western North Dakota will not result in a reduction of our current malting barley research effort for eastern North Dakota. A limitation in producing malting barley in western North Dakota is that all current varieties and production practices were developed for conditions in eastern North Dakota. When current varieties are grown under dryland conditions in the west, levels of kernel plumpness and grain protein are typically unacceptable for malting. When these same varieties are grown under irrigation, they typically lodge because their straw is too tall and weak. Thus, new malting barley varieties specifically developed for irrigated and dryland production in western North Dakota must be developed. Also, production practices and recommendations for these new varieties must be developed concurrently. Significant expansions for the new research program are planned for the Dickinson and Williston Research Extension Centers. Research to be conducted includes: • Development of six- and two-rowed malting barley varieties for dryland production. New barley varieties for dryland production will have at least 70% plump kernels, grain protein below 13%, and acceptable malting and brewing quality. • Development of six- and two-rowed malting barley varieties for irrigated production. New barley varieties for irrigated production will have high yield potential (≥ 150 bu/ac), strong straw, multiple disease resistance, and acceptable malting and brewing quality.
83 • Management studies for malt barley production under irrigated and dryland conditions. Factors limiting success of consistent malt barley production in western North Dakota are low levels of plump kernels and excessive levels of grain protein under dryland conditions, and weak straw and diseases under irrigated conditions. Research on the effects of nitrogen fertilization and stored spring soil moisture on kernel plumpness, grain protein, lodging, and diseases will provide information that growers can utilize to increase their likelihood of developing acceptable malting barley. Special Projects 1. Gioconda Garcia, a Ph.D. candidate from Ecuador, mapped the low-protein characteristic from Karl barley, using the cross Azure/ND5377, to the centromeric region of chromosome 6H. Mapping to the same region were a QTL for kernel color and diastatic power. Gioconda could not determine if the associations between grain protein, kernel color, and diastatic power were due to linkage or pleiotropy. 2. Ken Lamb, a Ph.D. candidate from Minnesota joined the project in June 2000. His research will be to identify molecular markers linked to genes conferring FHB resistance in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from the cross Foster/C93-3230-24. The line C93-3230-24 (B2912/Heitpas 5) is a six-rowed line developed by BARI that does not derive its FHB resistance from Chevron. The mapping population will be evaluated for FHB infection, deoxynivalenol (DON) content, days to heading and maturity, plant height, spike nodding angle, and molecular markers. Preliminary work has found chromosomal regions associated with FHB resistance in chromosomes 2H, 5H, and 7H. These associations were significant at all environments where the population was grown. The region in chromosome 2H associated with FHB resistance has the largest effect and is also associated with tall plant height and late maturity. The region in chromosome 5H associated with FHB resistance is located in the middle of the long arm, while the region in chromosome 7H is located on the short arm. These regions also were found to be associated with FHB resistance in a previous mapping study using Chevron as the resistant parent. 3. In a continuation of our work on the genetics of malt modification, a second mapping population was developed from the cross Beacon/Hazen. Hazen has poor modification and Beacon good malt modification. Development of an RFLP and SSR map for this population is continuing. The population was grown at two ND locations in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Entries from the 1998, 1999, and 2000 experiments were sent to Dr. Berne Jones’s laboratory for malt analyses. Loci controlling malt modification will be mapped. We want to determine if loci controlling malt modification in the SM population map to similar loci in the Beacon/Hazen population.
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
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Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
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1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
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3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
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5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
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7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
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9 This project is supported by the
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11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
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13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
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15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
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17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
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19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
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21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
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23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
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25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
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Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
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29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
Page 39 and 40: 31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
Page 41 and 42: 33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
Page 43 and 44: 35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 45 and 46: 37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
Page 47 and 48: 39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
Page 49 and 50: 41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
Page 51 and 52: 43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
Page 53 and 54: 45 assessments were made by countin
Page 55 and 56: 47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
Page 57 and 58: 49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
Page 59 and 60: 51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
Page 69 and 70: 61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
Page 71 and 72: 63 performance for Montana farmers.
Page 73 and 74: 65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
Page 75 and 76: 67 settling tower cannot accommodat
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
Page 79 and 80: 71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
Page 83 and 84: 75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
Page 85 and 86: 77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 87 and 88: 79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107 and 108: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 109 and 110: 101 trials of plants regenerated fr
Page 111 and 112: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 113 and 114: 105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
Page 125 and 126: 117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
Page 127 and 128: 119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
Page 129 and 130: 121 Table 7. Across location summar
Page 131 and 132: 123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
Page 133 and 134: 125
Page 135 and 136: 127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
Page 137 and 138: 129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
Page 139 and 140: 131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
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133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
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135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
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137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
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139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
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141 modification measures indicated
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143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
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145 Purification of a serine endope
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147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
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149 with the proteinase T will be s
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151 10°C increase in thermostabili
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153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
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µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
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157 Tissue-specific gene products f
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159 The promoters were subcloned fr
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161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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