Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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BREEDING, GERMPLASM DEVELOPMENT, AND GENETICS OF IMPROVED SPRING AND WINTER MALTING BARLEY C. A. Erickson, D.E. Burrup, and D.M. Wesenberg Agricultural Research Service - USDA National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility Aberdeen, Idaho 10 Justification Malting barley is an important crop in Idaho. Improved, high yielding, short strawed, lodging resistant germplasm and varieties with genetic resistance to important diseases, insect pests, and other environmental stresses coupled with improved management could help to achieve the potential of malting barley in Idaho and the West. Plant pathogens have had minimal impact on barley production in Idaho and most other western states historically. The Russian wheat aphid has emerged as a significant threat to barley production in Idaho and other western states and likewise barley stripe rust was widely reported in Idaho in 1993, 1995, and 1998, adding another significant threat to barley production and quality in these environments. Objectives Development of improved two-rowed and six-rowed spring and winter malting barley varieties and germplasm lines adapted to irrigated and dryland production in Idaho and other western states. Primary emphasis of the program is on the improvement of irrigated spring barley with secondary emphasis on dryland spring barley. The modest winter program emphasizes the transfer of desirable malting quality characteristics from spring barley to winter barley germplasm and varieties. Characteristics given prime consideration include high yield, resistance to lodging and shattering, short straw, improved malting and brewing quality, and improved disease and insect resistance. Significant attention is being given to barley stripe rust resistance. Evaluation of agronomic performance, malting and brewing quality, and pest resistance response of promising malting varieties and selections will focus on irrigated barley performance trials at Aberdeen and nonirrigated or dryland trials at Tetonia. Preliminary Results ADVANCED TESTING PROGRAM - TWO-ROWED SPRING BARLEY Over forty two-rowed barley varieties were tested in replicated trials at Aberdeen and/or Tetonia in 2001 in trials that included nearly 300 two-rowed barley entries. These barleys included proprietary varieties and selections plus barleys developed by public programs in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, and Canada. Named varieties in these trials included ‘Acuario’, ‘Alexis’, ‘Bancroft’, ‘Baronesse’, ‘BCD 47’, ‘Bear’, ‘CDC Bold’, ‘B1202’, ‘Camas’, ‘Chinook’, ‘Clark’, ‘Condor’, ‘Cooper’, ‘CDC Copeland’, ‘Crest’, ‘Criton’ (91Ab3148), ‘Crystal’, ‘CDC Dolly’, ‘Galena’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Harrington’, ‘Hector’, ‘CDC Helgason’, ‘Idagold’, ‘Jersey’, ‘CDC Kendall’, ‘Manley’, ‘CDC McGwire’, ‘Merit’, ‘Merlin’, ‘AC Metcalfe’, ‘Moravian 14’, Moravian 37’, ‘Munsing’, ‘Orca’, ‘Samish 23’, ‘Seebe’, ‘CDC Select’, ‘CDC Stratus’, ‘Targhee’,
11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘Waxbar’, and ‘Xena’. In addition to the various replicated trials grown at Aberdeen and Tetonia, about 140 two-rowed barleys were grown under irrigation in nonreplicated trials at Aberdeen in 2001 for preliminary evaluations of agronomic and quality characteristics. Approximately forty two-rowed entries were also grown in similar nonreplicated trials on dryland at Tetonia in 2001. Promising two-rowed spring barley selections developed at Aberdeen and currently being considered in AMBA-sponsored pilot or plant-scale evaluations of malting and brewing quality or other advanced trials and evaluations include 90Ab241 (A517/Harrington// Harrington), 94Ab12990 (85Ab2323/ND9147), 95Ab11469 (87Ab9561/ND9870), 98Ab11865 (85Ab2323/Galena), and 98Ab11993 (90Ab241/Baronesse). Summaries of agronomic data for two-rowed barley varieties and selections in the Advanced Yield Nurseries (trial A) grown under irrigation at Aberdeen and Tetonia, Idaho from 1999 through 2001 are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The selections 95Ab11469 and 98Ab11865 performed especially well under irrigation at Aberdeen, with 95Ab11469 showing good kernel plumpness along with high yield. The selections 90Ab241 and 95Ab11469 showed fair to good yield at Tetonia, with 95Ab11469 again showing good plump kernel percentage. Table 3 shows the agronomic performance of two-rowed varieties and selections on dryland at Tetonia from 1999 through 2001. The selections 94Ab12990 and 95Ab11469 demonstrated very good yield and were comparable in performance to 85Ab2323 in these tests. The selection 90Ab241 was submitted for AMBA pilot-scale tests of malting and brewing quality in 2001 for a third year of testing. The selection 90Ab241 has a good agronomic record in irrigated and dryland trials in southern Idaho and promising malting quality characteristics. 90Ab241 was equal in yield to Merit under irrigation at Aberdeen in seven years of trials (Table 4) and equal to Garnet under irrigation at Tetonia over five years (Table 5). Its performance on dryland at Tetonia over five years (Table 6) was not as good and was significantly less than 85Ab2323. The malting quality data for 90Ab241 at Aberdeen and Tetonia are shown in Tables 7-10. It has shown higher plumps and malt extract than 85Ab2323 with lower barley and wort protein. It’s alpha amylase activity is also higher than 85Ab2323. A winter two-rowed selection, 94Ab1274 (MT81616/81Ab1702), was also submitted for a third year of AMBA pilot-scale testing in 2001. (See details below under WINTER BARLEY.) The selection 98Ab11865 which was highlighted in last year’s report continued to show high yield potential under irrigation at Aberdeen (Table 1), outperforming all other varieties and selections except for Xena over the past two years. It was not submitted for pilot-scale testing in 2001, but will be included in the 2002 AMBA pilot-scale multilocation testing program coordinated by Pat Hensleigh at Montana State University at Bozeman. The selection 98Ab11993 is the other two-rowed entry in this testing program. This selection has good agronomic performance with a yield equal to or better than 85Ab2323 for three years under irrigation at Aberdeen (Table 1) and with good plump kernel percentage. The three six-rowed entries in the AMBA program will be discussed later.
Page 1 and 2: Annual Pro
Page 3: -i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
Page 6 and 7: Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
Page 9 and 10: 1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
Page 11 and 12: 3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
Page 13 and 14: 5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
Page 15 and 16: 7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
Page 17: 9 This project is supported by the
Page 21 and 22: 13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
Page 23 and 24: 15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
Page 25 and 26: 17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
Page 27 and 28: 19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
Page 29 and 30: 21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
Page 31 and 32: 23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
Page 33 and 34: 25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
Page 35 and 36: Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
Page 37 and 38: 29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
Page 39 and 40: 31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
Page 41 and 42: 33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
Page 43 and 44: 35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 45 and 46: 37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
Page 47 and 48: 39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
Page 49 and 50: 41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
Page 51 and 52: 43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
Page 53 and 54: 45 assessments were made by countin
Page 55 and 56: 47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
Page 57 and 58: 49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
Page 59 and 60: 51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
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61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
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63 performance for Montana farmers.
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65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
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67 settling tower cannot accommodat
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Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
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71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
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75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
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77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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79 this variety has decreased over
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Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
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83 • Management studies for malt
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85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
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87 With funding from the US Wheat a
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89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
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91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
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95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
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97 Results Results from field and g
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99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
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101 trials of plants regenerated fr
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103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
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105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
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107 involving two susceptible backg
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109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
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111 for traits that are difficult/e
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Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
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115 • All lines in spring yield t
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117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
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119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
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121 Table 7. Across location summar
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123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
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125
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127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
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129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
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131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
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133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
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135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
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137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
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139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
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141 modification measures indicated
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143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
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145 Purification of a serine endope
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147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
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149 with the proteinase T will be s
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151 10°C increase in thermostabili
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153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
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µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
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157 Tissue-specific gene products f
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159 The promoters were subcloned fr
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161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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