Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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132 2. Molecular Breeding Molecular marker assisted backcross breeding projects are underway in collaboration with A. Kleinhofs to incorporate Baronesse yield genes into Harrington to make Harrington more agronomically fit under western dryland conditions. These molecular breeding projects are designed to improve the competitiveness of malting barley grown in the Pacific Northwest. Five of the Harrington/Baronesse backcross lines have been entered into the Extension State Uniform Nursery in 2002. See Kleinhofs’ contribution to this report. In addition, we have 12 stripe rust resistance molecular marker assisted backcross populations in process. Field screening of four of the populations has revealed a high proportion of resistant types. 3. Winter Barley Winter barley production is limited in Washington primarily due to direct competition with winter wheat-- the state's principal crop--and a lack of sufficient winterhardiness. A major breakthrough will be required to substantially improve the winterhardiness of barley. This has been a worldwide problem. The winter program has been deemphasized due to low grower interest, budget constraints and greater reliance on the Oregon State and USDA-ARS-Aberdeen programs for winter germplasm development. Our program evaluates germplasm only. Other Projects 1. North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) The breeding program collaborates in the NABGMP and has grown the doubled haploid mapping populations from the Steptoe/Morex, Harrington/TR306, and Harrington/Morex crosses for agronomic and quality evaluation, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and economic trait gene mapping. A major project has provided greater understanding of the genetics of dormancy/preharvest sprouting in barley grain. QTL analysis has revealed two major loci on chromosome 7 and minor genes on chromosomes 1 and 4. Current dormancy research focuses on fine structure mapping of the chromosome 7 QTLs and single locus inheritance patterns, as well as, mapping dormancy QTLs in a Triumph /Morex cross through collaboration with I. Romagosa in Spain. QTL validation, fine mapping, and QTL marker assisted selection experiments have been completed or are in progress for dormancy, major malting quality traits, and yield on chromosomes 1 and 4. Efforts are underway to develop and incorporate molecular marker assisted selection (MMAS) procedures into the breeding program to apply information from NABGMP and improve breeding efficiency. Collaboration with A. Kleinhofs, P.M. Hayes and D. Wesenberg has been instrumental. Funding has been through NABGMP and USDA- CSREES-NRICGP grant programs.
133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Systems In collaboration with R.J. Cook, and others, several research projects are underway to evaluate barley adaptation to direct-seeded production in dryland cropping systems. Specific projects address barley variety soil borne root pathogen reactions, variety performance under direct-seeded vs conventional tillage in continuous cropping systems in intermediate and low rainfall areas of eastern Washington, and barley as a rotation crop in continuous small grains cropping systems in low rainfall areas. Thus far, considerable differences in barley variety reaction to high soil borne disease conditions have been demonstrated with some genotypes showing some resistance or tolerance. Also thus far, barley yields have been less under direct seeding compared with conventional seeding, but little genotype x variety interaction for yield has been indicated. 3. Proanthocyanidin-free Barley In collaboration with D. von Wettstein, proanthocyanidin-free barley lines are being developed to eliminate the chill haze problems in beer and possibly enhance the nutritional value of barley. Sodium azide mutagenesis has provided new proanthocyanidin-free mutants for biochemical, agronomic, disease, and malting quality evaluations. The mutants are used as parents in crosses with high quality genotypes. Several newer 6- and 2-row lines appear to have considerably improved agronomic and quality characteristics especially the recently selected pigmented proanthocyanidin-free (PANT) mutants. Two lines have been approved for prerelease seed increase in 2002. An additional project involves the incorporation of a bacterial engineered heat stable, betaglucanase gene into proanthocyanidin-free barley via transformation. Feeding as well as malting evaluations are underway with advanced lines. 4. Hulless/Waxy Barley Crosses between waxy and hulless and standard varieties have been made. A collaborative effort with I. Romagosa provides doubled haploid breeding lines of waxy hulless types to the WSU program. We continue to evaluate progeny for improved food/feed and industrial use type barleys. Our first hulless barley, Bear, was released in 1997. Feed quality is excellent compared with covered cultivars and the hulless cultivars, Condor and Falcon. New collaboration is evolving with B.-K. Baik in the WSU Food Science and Human Nutrition Department for the evaluation and development of barley food products. A first effort is looking at genotype effects on color and discoloration of raw and cooked barley. 5. Forage Barley Work has been ongoing for several years to replace the standard forage or hay barley, Belford, which has been around since the 1940’s. The new hooded six-row barley Washford was released in 1997. Washford has out-yielded Belford by 15% in hay dry weight and 22% in grain, and it has greater lodging resistance with about the same quality profile. New lines are being developed to further improve upon Washford.
Page 1 and 2:
Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
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Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
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1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
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3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
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5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
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7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
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9 This project is supported by the
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11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
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13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
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15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
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17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
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19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
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21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
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23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
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25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
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Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
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29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
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31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
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33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
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35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
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39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
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41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
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43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
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45 assessments were made by countin
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47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
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49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
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51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
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53 We have available the sugarcane
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55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
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57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
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59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
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61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
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63 performance for Montana farmers.
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65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
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67 settling tower cannot accommodat
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Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
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71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
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75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
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77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89 and 90: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 91 and 92: 83 • Management studies for malt
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107 and 108: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 109 and 110: 101 trials of plants regenerated fr
Page 111 and 112: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 113 and 114: 105 BSMV spread between entries. Ho
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
Page 125 and 126: 117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
Page 127 and 128: 119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
Page 129 and 130: 121 Table 7. Across location summar
Page 131 and 132: 123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
Page 133 and 134: 125
Page 135 and 136: 127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
Page 137 and 138: 129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
Page 139: 131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
Page 143 and 144: 135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
Page 145 and 146: 137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
Page 147 and 148: 139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
Page 149 and 150: 141 modification measures indicated
Page 151 and 152: 143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
Page 153 and 154: 145 Purification of a serine endope
Page 155 and 156: 147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
Page 157 and 158: 149 with the proteinase T will be s
Page 159 and 160: 151 10°C increase in thermostabili
Page 161 and 162: 153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
Page 163 and 164: µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
Page 165 and 166: 157 Tissue-specific gene products f
Page 167 and 168: 159 The promoters were subcloned fr
Page 169: 161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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