Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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104 BARLEY VIRUS DISEASES Michael C. Edwards USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, and Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota. Objectives/Rationale The ultimate goal of this research program remains unchanged from previous years. That goal is to reduce barley losses that occur as a result of virus diseases. Our objectives and rationale therefore remain unchanged. Virus diseases continue to result in significant yield losses in barley and other cereals. Because significant improvement in our ability to control virus diseases depends to a great extent upon significant improvement in our understanding of how viruses function and cause disease, this research program emphasizes molecular genetic studies of host-virus interactions. The goal of these studies is to identify the factors involved in viral pathogenicity and host resistance. Our studies primarily involve barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) and oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV). Because we have evidence that resistance to BSMV is targeted to basic processes such as virus replication and movement, just as is the case with other viruses, we feel there is much to gain from studying this virus as a model. Like barley yellow dwarf virus, OBDV is present in barley fields every year, albeit to a much lesser extent. Also like BYDV, OBDV is limited to the phloem of infected plants. Thus, certain aspects of OBDV pathogenesis may be similar to that of BYDV. Another goal of our project is to eliminate BSMV infections from the barley in the National Small Grains Germplasm Collection (in cooperation with ARS personnel in Idaho [Drs. Wesenberg & Bockelman]). The NSGGC serves as a valuable source of new germplasm for the improvement of malting barley varieties as well as others. Many of the barley entries are infected with BSMV, a seed-borne pathogen. Since clean seed stocks are vital for effective control of BSMV, it is extremely important to maintain the collection in a BSMV-free condition. Thus, we will attempt to identify all entries infected with BSMV and eliminate BSMV from seed stocks of these entries. Sources of tolerance to BSMV ultimately may be identified as well. Another goal of our program is to facilitate the development of new malting barleys adapted to the upper Midwest through the coordination of the Mississippi Valley Uniform Regional Barley Nursery. Methods For evaluation of the NSGGC, procedures involve the evaluation of accessions (or entries) for the presence of BSMV, rogueing of infected plants, and production of BSMV-free seed. In most past years, 2000 new entries were grown in field plots at the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility in Aberdeen, Idaho. We had originally planned to attempt the production of virus-free seed from known infected accessions using methods similar to those used last year and first used in 1997. This normally involves planting each accession in hills to minimize the possibility of
105 BSMV spread between entries. However, it was decided to re-examine about 2000 previously-tested entries using row planting to increase the amount of seed produced from entries testing virus-free. All of the seed lots tested had been previously found to be infected with low levels of BSMV or had been designated as ‘possibly infected.’ Both visual observations and ELISA testing of fresh plant samples were used to determine the presence of BSMV. One leaf piece was removed from each plant in a row and samples were pooled for ELISA testing. Rows with visibly infected plants or with plants that tested positive were rogued. If ELISA results were negative, the rows were harvested and the seed used by the curator of the small grains collection to replace contaminated seed. If ELISA results were positive, the seed was not harvested. Results Eradication of BSMV from barley in the National Small Grains Collection. Although for the last few years we have moved beyond bulk testing of entries to the more difficult task of eradicating BSMV from entries already known to be infected, we decided to again bulk test some of the entries that were considered to have low rates of BSMV infection. This provided a better chance of producing BSMV-free seed without losing the genetic diversity in many of the entries. A high rate of infection (approximately 15%) was observed. Of 1978 entries tested, 302 were infected with BSMV. Another 8.5% tested beyond the normal ‘healthy’ range, and will need to be re-evaluated. Testing will continue in 2002 with a similar number of entries. We have produced BSMV-free seed for over 17,000 barley entries in the National Small Grains Collection since the inception of this collaborative project with ARS personnel in Aberdeen. Elimination of BSMV from seed of the entries will greatly enhance the value of the collection and should assist in prevention of BSMV contamination of breeding programs. The Mississippi Valley Uniform Regional Barley Nursery was again coordinated. Specific data on this nursery can be obtained in the 2001 Mississippi Valley Barley Nursery <strong>Report</strong>. These reports are available as ‘pdf’ files by email or will be available on-line at our website when it is updated (http://www.fargo.ars.usda.gov/cer/cer_home.htm). Cooperators: D. Wesenberg and H. Bockelman, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, Idaho Additional Personnel Engaged in Barley Virus Research: Renee McClean, Biological Laboratory Technician Adi Santoso, new postdoctoral research associate
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2002 <st
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Barley Transformation G.J. Muehlbau
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1 2000/2001 WINTER NURSERY: BARLEY
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3 2001 Barley Stripe Rust Screening
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5 Triumph/Tyra//Arupo, a selection
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7 Washington (Fossum Cereals and Wa
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9 This project is supported by the
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11 ‘Triumph’, ‘Valier’, ‘
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13 Table 2. Agronomic data for sele
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15 Table 4. Agronomic data for sele
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17 Table 8. Malting quality data* f
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19 Six-rowed barley selections of c
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21 Table 14. Agronomic data for sel
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23 Table 16. Agronomic data for win
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25 Table 19. Malting quality data*
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Garnet/98Ab11865 Garnet/98Ab12895 9
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29 rust resistant NSGC accessions o
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31 DEVELOPMENT OF SIX-ROWED MALTING
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33 backcrossing. The selfed lines w
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35 MINNESOTA BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
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37 ADVANCED LINE EVALUATION Varieti
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39 OTHER BARLEY DISEASES In 2001, r
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41 Wingbermuehle, W. J., K.M. Belin
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43 In 2001 winter/spring, over 300
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45 assessments were made by countin
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47 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL DISEASE
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49 Unfortunately, disease levels in
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51 BARLEY TRANSFORMATION G.J. Muehl
Page 61 and 62: 53 We have available the sugarcane
Page 63 and 64: 55 Secondly, we tried to grow F. gr
Page 65 and 66: 57 References: Issac, S. and Jennin
Page 67 and 68: 59 Huntley-dryland) with two replic
Page 69 and 70: 61 Table 2. 1992 thru 2001 Overall
Page 71 and 72: 63 performance for Montana farmers.
Page 73 and 74: 65 Blake, T,. Hensleigh P., Boss D.
Page 75 and 76: 67 settling tower cannot accommodat
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Seedling reaction to strip
Page 79 and 80: 71 TWO-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. Agronomic trait comparison
Page 83 and 84: 75 mutants reduce plant vigor and g
Page 85 and 86: 77 SIX-ROWED BARLEY IMPROVEMENT PRO
Page 87 and 88: 79 this variety has decreased over
Page 89 and 90: Table 7. Malt quality comparisons o
Page 91 and 92: 83 • Management studies for malt
Page 93 and 94: 85 STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND T
Page 95 and 96: 87 With funding from the US Wheat a
Page 97 and 98: 89 MALTING AND BREWING QUALITY OF B
Page 99 and 100: 91 β-glucans, it might be most ins
Page 101 and 102: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 93 Figure 1.
Page 103 and 104: 95 Bolin, P., Schwarz, P., Jones, B
Page 105 and 106: 97 Results Results from field and g
Page 107 and 108: 99 DEVELOPING BARLEY TISSUE CULTURE
Page 109 and 110: 101 trials of plants regenerated fr
Page 111: 103 Table 2. Agronomic performance
Page 115 and 116: 107 involving two susceptible backg
Page 117 and 118: 109 THE OREGON BARLEY IMPROVEMENT P
Page 119 and 120: 111 for traits that are difficult/e
Page 121 and 122: Germplasm Development: 113 Crosses:
Page 123 and 124: 115 • All lines in spring yield t
Page 125 and 126: 117 Table 2. Agronomic data for Ore
Page 127 and 128: 119 Table 6. Malting quality of win
Page 129 and 130: 121 Table 7. Across location summar
Page 131 and 132: 123 MOLECULAR MARKER ASSISTED MODIF
Page 133 and 134: 125
Page 135 and 136: 127 exchanges. Spring and winter ba
Page 137 and 138: 129 Table 2. 2000-2001 Agronomic Pe
Page 139 and 140: 131 Table 7. Spring 2- and 6-Row #
Page 141 and 142: 133 2. Direct Seeding Cropping Syst
Page 143 and 144: 135 D.M. Wesenberg - spring and win
Page 145 and 146: 137 A STUDY OF THE MALTING QUALITY
Page 147 and 148: 139 Methods. Our malting schedule.
Page 149 and 150: 141 modification measures indicated
Page 151 and 152: 143 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEIN
Page 153 and 154: 145 Purification of a serine endope
Page 155 and 156: 147 STUDIES ON THE PROTEINASES THAT
Page 157 and 158: 149 with the proteinase T will be s
Page 159 and 160: 151 10°C increase in thermostabili
Page 161 and 162: 153 Sissons MJ and MacGregor AW (19
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µM Carbohydrate / Unit of α-Gluco
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157 Tissue-specific gene products f
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159 The promoters were subcloned fr
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161 Fig. 3. Expression of Trx-Hth f
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2002

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