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will stay in engineering is narrower for sophomores than for first-year students, and practically non-existent for juniors. That females start out with less self-confidence than males is similar to findings in previous studies (Dresselhaus, 1985; McIlwee and Robinson, 1992); what is notable is the narrowing of the gender gap in later portions of the undergraduate program, as women’s self-confidence appears to increase. However, this pattern does not continue for the seniors. Senior females do not have more confidence than junior females; in fact, their confidence that they will stay in engineering is a little lower than that of junior females. As a result, among seniors the gender gap in confidence that they will stay in engineering is again wide for seniors – almost as wide as it was for first-year students. Confidence in Engineering Abilities Self-confidence in engineering abilities does not follow the same pattern. Self- confidence does not vary linearly by year in the program for either males or females, and the gender gap fluctuates from one year to the next, widest in the sophomore year and again in the senior year (Figure IID-2). IID-132
Considering the possibility that not all majors value mechanical, technical, and design abilities equally (as suggested by some of the students), we looked at the difference in self-confidence in these abilities by major (Figure IID-3). Indeed, there are great variations in self-confidence in these abilities by major for the female students: females majoring in mechanical engineering have much higher self-confidence in their mechanical, technical and design abilities than do female students in other majors. For males, however, major makes much less of a difference. In fact, the gender gap in this kind of self-confidence is reversed for mechanical engineering majors – the females in this major have higher self-confidence in their abilities than do the males; but for all other majors, the males have higher self-confidence in their abilities. The small numbers of IID-133
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A GENDER LENS ON ROWAN UNIVERSITY
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND TO THE
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the program? In particular, how do
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various aspects of the program and
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However, the empowering effect of t
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with the delivery of lab work, team
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The perception of problems for wome
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• Have as high or higher academic
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These are important findings for an
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CHAPTER I-A INTRODUCTION The under-
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incorporate an inclusive pedagogica
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has specifically been advocated as
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affect intellectual identity and ac
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CLIMATE ISSUES DIFFICULT FOR WOMEN
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atmosphere separates students from
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successfully serve as a model for m
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uilt itself up into a full-fledged
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sensitive policy to sophomore year
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work together to continuously creat
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that students, in their exit interv
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presentations convincing to practic
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chapter on campus, which sponsors s
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academic year and their satisfactio
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Additional Information from Univers
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CHAPTER I-D THE ROWAN ENGINEERING S
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The rest of this chapter is based o
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TABLE ID-3 COHORT BY MAJOR (%’s)
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TABLE 1D-4 PERCENTAGE FEMALE IN MAJ
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Academic Achievement The level of a
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TABLE ID-6 PRE-COLLEGE ACADEMIC ACH
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London, 1992). Almost a third of th
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Parental occupations of male studen
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As we have mentioned above, about h
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All of the support items were recod
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science field. Males and females sh
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5) pre-college academic preparation
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program. Other students may opt to
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confidence at the beginning of each
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STUDENT INPUT Family and Socio- Dem
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CHAPTER II-B THE RELATIONSHIP BETWE
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making up this factor, while 22.4%
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Page 85 and 86: contrary to our expectations, it is
Page 87 and 88: students is .568, and for all stude
Page 89 and 90: However, the importance of backgrou
Page 91 and 92: TABLE IIB-4 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
Page 93 and 94: oth that they will stay with engine
Page 95 and 96: The main gender differences through
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER II-C ENGINEERING BEHAVIOR A
Page 99 and 100: grades is statistically significant
Page 101 and 102: shows us that the impact of both fa
Page 103 and 104: men’s and their mean GPA in engin
Page 105 and 106: TABLE IIC-4 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BY
Page 107 and 108: (1) The first type of involvement r
Page 109 and 110: participation in enrichment activit
Page 111 and 112: Having a sibling who went to colleg
Page 113 and 114: These background characteristics ha
Page 115 and 116: In sum, in terms of enrichment acti
Page 117 and 118: Table IIC-11 SUPPORT BY FACULTY BY
Page 119 and 120: For males, living with other scienc
Page 121 and 122: TABLE IIC-14 PARTICIPATION IN HELP
Page 123 and 124: primarily the male’s career couns
Page 125 and 126: Finally, involvement in non-enginee
Page 127 and 128: The Rowan engineering females fall
Page 129 and 130: members to have slightly higher GPA
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER II-D CHANGES IN ENGINEERING
Page 133: However, there is a gender differen
Page 137 and 138: achievement. Academic self-confiden
Page 139 and 140: While the four self-confidence fact
Page 141 and 142: We separated our analysis by year i
Page 143 and 144: Similarly, for junior females, a hi
Page 145 and 146: In summary, we can see that over th
Page 147 and 148: in their computer skills and in the
Page 149 and 150: TABLE IID-3 CHANGE IN SELF-CONFIDEN
Page 151 and 152: engineering as the right major for
Page 153 and 154: TABLE IID-5 MEAN GRADE POINT AVERAG
Page 155 and 156: the senior year, we find the larges
Page 157 and 158: The programmatic elements of most i
Page 159 and 160: elated to satisfaction at the end o
Page 161 and 162: The second indicator of satisfactio
Page 163 and 164: of classroom hours”, “are frien
Page 165 and 166: Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-2 SATIS
Page 167 and 168: Considering high school background
Page 169 and 170: TABLE IIE-5 MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS R
Page 171 and 172: TABLE IIE-6 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
Page 173 and 174: with team work is lowest in the jun
Page 175 and 176: High School Background High school
Page 177 and 178: teams are also more likely to join
Page 179 and 180: Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-12 SATI
Page 181 and 182: TABLE IIE-14 SATISFACTION WITH INTE
Page 183 and 184: TABLE IIE-16 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AN
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course of the academic year. It cou
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gender difference are female studen
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a. Labwork (SATLAB) There is no gen
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TABLE IIE-22 SATISFACTION WITH ENGI
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indicated that there does not seem
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I. Programmatic Elements a-b. Satis
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II. Satisfaction with Applied Aspec
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administered during the different y
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higher among seniors. For both male
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TABLE IIE-26 MEAN SATISFACTION WITH
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engineering self-confidence was sim
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previous research, which suggests t
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WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN SWE AND
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ole models for engineering in the f
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difference in satisfaction with the
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program do not exhibit poorer pre-c
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Cohort beginning year: TABLE IIF-1
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Looking at gender differences in re
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from the university, or if they had
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TABLE IIF-5 ENGINEERING “STAYERS
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Leavers were less involved in engin
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TABLE IIF-9 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
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TABLE IIF-11 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT O
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TABLE IIF-13 PARTICIPATION IN ENGIN
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TABLE IIF-14 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFI
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TABLE IIF-15 SATISFACTION WITH ROWA
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Previous research has suggested tha
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expected women’s perception of pr
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(4) We also expected the perception
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I’ll get hired somewhere.” Whil
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Remember that Rowan students were a
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As standardized factor scores, the
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We also could analyze the perceptio
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TABLE IIG-5 PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS
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TABLE IIG-7 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF
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presumably with an understanding th
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correlations of each of the factors
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the junior female students to perce
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CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS OV
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TABLE IIG-13 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION O
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Issue TABLE IIG-14 CHANGE IN PERCEP
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TABLE IIG-17 PERCEPTIONS OF PROBLEM
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CHAPTER II-H COMPARISONS TO OTHER S
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TABLE IIH-1 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
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Rowan females are also more involve
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TABLE IIH-3 PARTICIPATION IN SELECT
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females agreed or strongly agreed t
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males vs. 50.0% females); at Rowan,
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Purpose of the Study PART III SUMMA
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Evidence that Rowan’s Program is
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tend to be more satisfied with the
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It is important to note that having
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new program, many changes were inst
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Cunningham, Christine M., Cathy Lac
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Marchese, A. J., Schmalzel, J. L, M
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Tinto, V. 1993. Leaving College: Re
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ENGINEERING STUDENT SURVEY I Dear S
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Family Background 11.What was the h
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29a. Did you ever have a female tea
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40. The statements listed below hav
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Name__________________ Social Secur
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7. During this academic year, how f
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26. From your experience, engineeri
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37. The statements listed below hav
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1. Your background, how long at Row
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APPENDIX B ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDE
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