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Female students who perceive the issues as problematic tend to have lower engineering self-confidence and to be less satisfied with the various aspects of the engineering program, (Table IIG-17). (Mean factor scores that are bolded in the table indicate that the higher score supports these conclusions.) Using the first two factors of engineering self-confidence described above, we can see that the female students who perceived any of these issues as problematic, had lower confidence that they would stay in engineering, and lower confidence in their engineering abilities than female students who did not perceive these issues as problematic for women. The female students who perceived that discrimination against women in scientific fields was a serious or minor problem, were less satisfied with the coursework load, the lab work, the teamwork, the student-faculty relationships and the peer relationships than the students who did not perceive this issue as a problem. Similarly, those students who perceived the lack of female role models as a problem for women were less satisfied with almost all of the aspects of the Rowan program. This relationship was found for the perception of family-career conflict as a problem only regarding satisfaction with the programmatic aspects of the engineering program and satisfaction with peer relationships. IIG-264
TABLE IIG-17 PERCEPTIONS OF PROBLEMS FOR WOMEN IN ENGINEERING (SELECTED ASPECTS) BY ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDENCE AND SATISFACTION WITH ENGINEERING PROGRAM (Mean Factor Scores, Female Students only) Issue Discrimination Female role models Family-career conflict Problem for women? No Yes No Yes No Yes Engineering Outcome Engineering Self-Confidence CONF STAY ENGIN -.334 -.616 -.408 -.443 -.537 -.394 CONF ENGIN ABIL Satisfaction with Engineering Program (Mean factor scores) .152 -.252 .133 -.114 .163 -.030 SATCHOIC .222 .285 .417 .057 .466 .177 SATCLASS .278 .032 .253 .138 .105 .225 SATCLIN .136 .263 .209 .152 .103 .205 SATLAB .148 -.146 .181 -.027 .073 .082 SATTEAM .246 .151 .048 .374 .029 .258 SATFAC .147 -.342 .061 -.070 -.528 .166 SATPEERS .501 -.198 .307 .223 .592 .170 (n) (43) (22) (34) (32) (15) (51) Apparently the perception of problems for women in engineering by women in engineering, is indicative of how positively the women feel about their place in engineering at present and in the future. CONCLUSIONS Students’ perceptions of problems for women in engineering reveal many interesting results. First, the majority of students do not perceive special problems for women pursuing careers in science, engineering or mathematics, particularly with regard to the length of preparation required, how feminine women in these fields are considered to be, or social encouragement to pursue these fields. On the other hand, they do perceive as problematic possible conflicts between career and family responsibilities, the lack of female role models in these fields, and discriminatory attitudes toward women by people IIG-265
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A GENDER LENS ON ROWAN UNIVERSITY
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND TO THE
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the program? In particular, how do
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various aspects of the program and
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However, the empowering effect of t
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with the delivery of lab work, team
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The perception of problems for wome
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• Have as high or higher academic
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These are important findings for an
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CHAPTER I-A INTRODUCTION The under-
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incorporate an inclusive pedagogica
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has specifically been advocated as
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affect intellectual identity and ac
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CLIMATE ISSUES DIFFICULT FOR WOMEN
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atmosphere separates students from
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successfully serve as a model for m
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uilt itself up into a full-fledged
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sensitive policy to sophomore year
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work together to continuously creat
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that students, in their exit interv
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presentations convincing to practic
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chapter on campus, which sponsors s
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academic year and their satisfactio
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Additional Information from Univers
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CHAPTER I-D THE ROWAN ENGINEERING S
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The rest of this chapter is based o
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TABLE ID-3 COHORT BY MAJOR (%’s)
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TABLE 1D-4 PERCENTAGE FEMALE IN MAJ
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Academic Achievement The level of a
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TABLE ID-6 PRE-COLLEGE ACADEMIC ACH
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London, 1992). Almost a third of th
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Parental occupations of male studen
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As we have mentioned above, about h
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All of the support items were recod
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science field. Males and females sh
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5) pre-college academic preparation
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program. Other students may opt to
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confidence at the beginning of each
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STUDENT INPUT Family and Socio- Dem
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CHAPTER II-B THE RELATIONSHIP BETWE
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making up this factor, while 22.4%
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(CONF STAY ENG) as the dependent va
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contrary to our expectations, it is
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students is .568, and for all stude
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However, the importance of backgrou
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TABLE IIB-4 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
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oth that they will stay with engine
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The main gender differences through
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CHAPTER II-C ENGINEERING BEHAVIOR A
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grades is statistically significant
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shows us that the impact of both fa
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men’s and their mean GPA in engin
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TABLE IIC-4 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BY
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(1) The first type of involvement r
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participation in enrichment activit
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Having a sibling who went to colleg
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These background characteristics ha
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In sum, in terms of enrichment acti
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Table IIC-11 SUPPORT BY FACULTY BY
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For males, living with other scienc
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TABLE IIC-14 PARTICIPATION IN HELP
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primarily the male’s career couns
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Finally, involvement in non-enginee
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The Rowan engineering females fall
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members to have slightly higher GPA
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CHAPTER II-D CHANGES IN ENGINEERING
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However, there is a gender differen
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Considering the possibility that no
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achievement. Academic self-confiden
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While the four self-confidence fact
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We separated our analysis by year i
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Similarly, for junior females, a hi
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In summary, we can see that over th
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in their computer skills and in the
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TABLE IID-3 CHANGE IN SELF-CONFIDEN
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engineering as the right major for
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TABLE IID-5 MEAN GRADE POINT AVERAG
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the senior year, we find the larges
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The programmatic elements of most i
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elated to satisfaction at the end o
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The second indicator of satisfactio
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of classroom hours”, “are frien
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Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-2 SATIS
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Considering high school background
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TABLE IIE-5 MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS R
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TABLE IIE-6 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
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with team work is lowest in the jun
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High School Background High school
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teams are also more likely to join
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Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-12 SATI
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TABLE IIE-14 SATISFACTION WITH INTE
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TABLE IIE-16 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AN
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course of the academic year. It cou
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gender difference are female studen
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a. Labwork (SATLAB) There is no gen
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TABLE IIE-22 SATISFACTION WITH ENGI
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indicated that there does not seem
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I. Programmatic Elements a-b. Satis
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II. Satisfaction with Applied Aspec
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administered during the different y
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higher among seniors. For both male
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TABLE IIE-26 MEAN SATISFACTION WITH
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engineering self-confidence was sim
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previous research, which suggests t
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WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN SWE AND
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ole models for engineering in the f
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difference in satisfaction with the
Page 215 and 216: program do not exhibit poorer pre-c
Page 217 and 218: Cohort beginning year: TABLE IIF-1
Page 219 and 220: Looking at gender differences in re
Page 221 and 222: from the university, or if they had
Page 223 and 224: TABLE IIF-5 ENGINEERING “STAYERS
Page 225 and 226: Leavers were less involved in engin
Page 227 and 228: TABLE IIF-9 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
Page 229 and 230: TABLE IIF-11 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT O
Page 231 and 232: TABLE IIF-13 PARTICIPATION IN ENGIN
Page 233 and 234: TABLE IIF-14 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFI
Page 235 and 236: TABLE IIF-15 SATISFACTION WITH ROWA
Page 237 and 238: Previous research has suggested tha
Page 239 and 240: expected women’s perception of pr
Page 241 and 242: (4) We also expected the perception
Page 243 and 244: I’ll get hired somewhere.” Whil
Page 245 and 246: Remember that Rowan students were a
Page 247 and 248: As standardized factor scores, the
Page 249 and 250: We also could analyze the perceptio
Page 251 and 252: TABLE IIG-5 PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS
Page 253 and 254: TABLE IIG-7 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF
Page 255 and 256: presumably with an understanding th
Page 257 and 258: correlations of each of the factors
Page 259 and 260: the junior female students to perce
Page 261 and 262: CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS OV
Page 263 and 264: TABLE IIG-13 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION O
Page 265: Issue TABLE IIG-14 CHANGE IN PERCEP
Page 269 and 270: CHAPTER II-H COMPARISONS TO OTHER S
Page 271 and 272: TABLE IIH-1 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
Page 273 and 274: Rowan females are also more involve
Page 275 and 276: TABLE IIH-3 PARTICIPATION IN SELECT
Page 277 and 278: females agreed or strongly agreed t
Page 279 and 280: males vs. 50.0% females); at Rowan,
Page 281 and 282: Purpose of the Study PART III SUMMA
Page 283 and 284: Evidence that Rowan’s Program is
Page 285 and 286: tend to be more satisfied with the
Page 287 and 288: It is important to note that having
Page 289 and 290: new program, many changes were inst
Page 291 and 292: Cunningham, Christine M., Cathy Lac
Page 293 and 294: Marchese, A. J., Schmalzel, J. L, M
Page 295 and 296: Tinto, V. 1993. Leaving College: Re
Page 297 and 298: ENGINEERING STUDENT SURVEY I Dear S
Page 299 and 300: Family Background 11.What was the h
Page 301 and 302: 29a. Did you ever have a female tea
Page 303 and 304: 40. The statements listed below hav
Page 305 and 306: Name__________________ Social Secur
Page 307 and 308: 7. During this academic year, how f
Page 309 and 310: 26. From your experience, engineeri
Page 311 and 312: 37. The statements listed below hav
Page 313 and 314: 1. Your background, how long at Row
Page 315: APPENDIX B ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDE
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