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completion; that they are well-suited for their major and their chosen career. This is the main factor indicating engineering self-confidence (λ=20.1). The second factor (CONF ENG ABIL) reflects confidence in the students’ competencies or skills required in engineering. Indicators contributing the most to the second factor include: the student’s agreement that they are mechanically inclined, technically inclined, and good at designing things (λ=18.1). The third factor (CONF ACAD ABIL) addressed the student’s assessment of more general academic abilities required for engineering. Indicators contributing the most to this factor included the student’s rating of their overall academic ability and their mathematical ability compared to other students their age (λ=15.5). The fourth factor (CONF COMM SKILL) expressed the student’s self-confidence in their communications abilities (e.g., writing, speaking), skills needed for presentations in many of their classes as well as for more informal interpersonal interaction, but again less specific to engineering than the first two factors (λ=14.0). For much of the analysis, we concentrate on the first or the first two factors, as they express the more important aspects of engineering self-confidence for the students. As standardized factor scores, the mean score for each factor is 0 for the whole population of respondents (all students). The scores ranged between –5 and +3. The higher the engineering self-confidence (on any of the factors), the higher the factor score. ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDENCE AS STUDENTS ENTER ROWAN We begin by focusing on first year students. Students enter Rowan with some uncertainty that they belong in engineering. Their mean scores on the first engineering self-confidence factor are -.356 (Table IIB-1). As an example of the individual indicators IIB-78
making up this factor, while 22.4% of the first-year students “strongly agree” they are well-suited for their choice of college major, nearly 20% are unsure or disagree with this statement; while 30.8% “strongly agree” that “Engineering is the right major for me”, 37.5% are unsure or disagree with the statement. With respect to the most important of the factors of engineering self-confidence, males enter with more self-confidence that they belong in engineering and that they will stay with the major and the career (Table IIB-1). Their mean score on this factor is significantly higher than that of the female students, and their answers to the individual indicators reflect this same gender gap. Males express more confidence that engineering is the right major for them, that they are well-suited for the major and the career, and they are very unlikely to drop out before finishing the engineering degree. TABLE IIB-1 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDENCE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS BY SEX AND YEAR IN PROGRAM Self-Confidence Factor (Mean Scores on Self-Confidence Factors) First-Year Males First-Year Females Total First- Year Students Students at All Levels CONF ENG STAY -.281 -.654 -.356 .000 CONF ENG ABIL .123 -.241 .049 .000 CONF ACAD ABIL -.087 .310 -.007 .000 CONF COMM SKILL -.110 .112 -.113 .000 (n) (79) (20) (99) (324) As to the second factor, first-year students enter with confidence in their engineering abilities that is close to the mean for all students. Again, however, males IIB-79
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A GENDER LENS ON ROWAN UNIVERSITY
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND TO THE
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the program? In particular, how do
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various aspects of the program and
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However, the empowering effect of t
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with the delivery of lab work, team
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The perception of problems for wome
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• Have as high or higher academic
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These are important findings for an
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CHAPTER I-A INTRODUCTION The under-
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incorporate an inclusive pedagogica
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has specifically been advocated as
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affect intellectual identity and ac
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CLIMATE ISSUES DIFFICULT FOR WOMEN
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Page 31 and 32: successfully serve as a model for m
Page 33 and 34: uilt itself up into a full-fledged
Page 35 and 36: sensitive policy to sophomore year
Page 37 and 38: work together to continuously creat
Page 39 and 40: that students, in their exit interv
Page 41 and 42: presentations convincing to practic
Page 43 and 44: chapter on campus, which sponsors s
Page 45 and 46: academic year and their satisfactio
Page 47 and 48: Additional Information from Univers
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER I-D THE ROWAN ENGINEERING S
Page 51 and 52: The rest of this chapter is based o
Page 53 and 54: TABLE ID-3 COHORT BY MAJOR (%’s)
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 1D-4 PERCENTAGE FEMALE IN MAJ
Page 57 and 58: Academic Achievement The level of a
Page 59 and 60: TABLE ID-6 PRE-COLLEGE ACADEMIC ACH
Page 61 and 62: London, 1992). Almost a third of th
Page 63 and 64: Parental occupations of male studen
Page 65 and 66: As we have mentioned above, about h
Page 67 and 68: All of the support items were recod
Page 69 and 70: science field. Males and females sh
Page 71 and 72: 5) pre-college academic preparation
Page 73 and 74: program. Other students may opt to
Page 75 and 76: confidence at the beginning of each
Page 77 and 78: STUDENT INPUT Family and Socio- Dem
Page 79: CHAPTER II-B THE RELATIONSHIP BETWE
Page 83 and 84: (CONF STAY ENG) as the dependent va
Page 85 and 86: contrary to our expectations, it is
Page 87 and 88: students is .568, and for all stude
Page 89 and 90: However, the importance of backgrou
Page 91 and 92: TABLE IIB-4 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
Page 93 and 94: oth that they will stay with engine
Page 95 and 96: The main gender differences through
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER II-C ENGINEERING BEHAVIOR A
Page 99 and 100: grades is statistically significant
Page 101 and 102: shows us that the impact of both fa
Page 103 and 104: men’s and their mean GPA in engin
Page 105 and 106: TABLE IIC-4 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BY
Page 107 and 108: (1) The first type of involvement r
Page 109 and 110: participation in enrichment activit
Page 111 and 112: Having a sibling who went to colleg
Page 113 and 114: These background characteristics ha
Page 115 and 116: In sum, in terms of enrichment acti
Page 117 and 118: Table IIC-11 SUPPORT BY FACULTY BY
Page 119 and 120: For males, living with other scienc
Page 121 and 122: TABLE IIC-14 PARTICIPATION IN HELP
Page 123 and 124: primarily the male’s career couns
Page 125 and 126: Finally, involvement in non-enginee
Page 127 and 128: The Rowan engineering females fall
Page 129 and 130: members to have slightly higher GPA
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CHAPTER II-D CHANGES IN ENGINEERING
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However, there is a gender differen
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Considering the possibility that no
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achievement. Academic self-confiden
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While the four self-confidence fact
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We separated our analysis by year i
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Similarly, for junior females, a hi
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In summary, we can see that over th
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in their computer skills and in the
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TABLE IID-3 CHANGE IN SELF-CONFIDEN
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engineering as the right major for
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TABLE IID-5 MEAN GRADE POINT AVERAG
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the senior year, we find the larges
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The programmatic elements of most i
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elated to satisfaction at the end o
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The second indicator of satisfactio
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of classroom hours”, “are frien
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Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-2 SATIS
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Considering high school background
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TABLE IIE-5 MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS R
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TABLE IIE-6 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANA
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with team work is lowest in the jun
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High School Background High school
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teams are also more likely to join
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Satisfaction Item TABLE IIE-12 SATI
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TABLE IIE-14 SATISFACTION WITH INTE
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TABLE IIE-16 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AN
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course of the academic year. It cou
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gender difference are female studen
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a. Labwork (SATLAB) There is no gen
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TABLE IIE-22 SATISFACTION WITH ENGI
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indicated that there does not seem
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I. Programmatic Elements a-b. Satis
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II. Satisfaction with Applied Aspec
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administered during the different y
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higher among seniors. For both male
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TABLE IIE-26 MEAN SATISFACTION WITH
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engineering self-confidence was sim
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previous research, which suggests t
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WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN SWE AND
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ole models for engineering in the f
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difference in satisfaction with the
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program do not exhibit poorer pre-c
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Cohort beginning year: TABLE IIF-1
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Looking at gender differences in re
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from the university, or if they had
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TABLE IIF-5 ENGINEERING “STAYERS
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Leavers were less involved in engin
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TABLE IIF-9 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
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TABLE IIF-11 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT O
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TABLE IIF-13 PARTICIPATION IN ENGIN
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TABLE IIF-14 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFI
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TABLE IIF-15 SATISFACTION WITH ROWA
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Previous research has suggested tha
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expected women’s perception of pr
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(4) We also expected the perception
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I’ll get hired somewhere.” Whil
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Remember that Rowan students were a
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As standardized factor scores, the
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We also could analyze the perceptio
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TABLE IIG-5 PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS
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TABLE IIG-7 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF
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presumably with an understanding th
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correlations of each of the factors
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the junior female students to perce
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CHANGE IN PERCEPTION OF PROBLEMS OV
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TABLE IIG-13 CHANGE IN PERCEPTION O
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Issue TABLE IIG-14 CHANGE IN PERCEP
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TABLE IIG-17 PERCEPTIONS OF PROBLEM
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CHAPTER II-H COMPARISONS TO OTHER S
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TABLE IIH-1 ENGINEERING SELF-CONFID
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Rowan females are also more involve
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TABLE IIH-3 PARTICIPATION IN SELECT
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females agreed or strongly agreed t
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males vs. 50.0% females); at Rowan,
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Purpose of the Study PART III SUMMA
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Evidence that Rowan’s Program is
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tend to be more satisfied with the
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It is important to note that having
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new program, many changes were inst
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Cunningham, Christine M., Cathy Lac
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Marchese, A. J., Schmalzel, J. L, M
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Tinto, V. 1993. Leaving College: Re
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ENGINEERING STUDENT SURVEY I Dear S
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Family Background 11.What was the h
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29a. Did you ever have a female tea
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40. The statements listed below hav
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Name__________________ Social Secur
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7. During this academic year, how f
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26. From your experience, engineeri
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37. The statements listed below hav
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1. Your background, how long at Row
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APPENDIX B ENGINEERING SELF-CONFIDE
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