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At times, you may just want to enter one or more formulas temporarily in a convenient blank cell, and delete it once you have finished. However, if you find yourself using the same functions constantly, you should consider creating a template and including space for all the functions you use, with the cell to their left used as a label for them. Once you have created the template, you can easily update each formula as entries change, either automatically and on-the-fly or pressing the F9 key to update all selected cells. No matter how you use these functions, you will probably find them simple to use and adaptable for many purposes. By the time you have mastered this handful, you will be ready to try more complex functions. Rounding off numbers For statistical and mathematical purposes, Calc includes a variety of ways to round off numbers. If you are a programmer, you may also be familiar with some of these methods. However, you do not need to be a specialist to find some of these methods useful. You may want to round off for billing purposes, or because decimal places do not translate well into the physical world—for instance, if the parts you need come in packages of 100, then the fact you only need 66 is irrelevant to you; you need to round up for ordering. By learning the options for rounding up or down, you can make your spreadsheets more immediately useful. When you use a rounding function, you have two choices about how to set up your formulas. If you choose, you can nest a calculation within one of the rounding functions. For instance, the formula =ROUND((SUM(A1,A2)) adds the figures in cells A1 and A2, then rounds them off to the nearest whole number. However, even though you do not need to work with exact figures every day, you may still want to refer to them occasionally. If that is the case, then you are probably better off separating the two functions, placing =SUM(A1,A2) in cell A3, and =ROUND (A3) in A4, and clearly labelling each function. Rounding methods The most basic function for rounding numbers in Calc is ROUND. This function will round off a number according to the usual rules of symmetric arithmetic rounding: a decimal place of .4 or less gets rounded down, while one of .5 or more gets rounded up. However, at times, you may not want to follow these rules. For instance, if you are one of those contractors who bills a full hour for any fraction of an hour you work, you would want to always round up so you did not lose any money. Conversely, you might choose to round down to give a slight discount to a long-established customer. In these cases, you might prefer to use ROUNDUP or ROUNDDOWN, which, as their names suggest, round a number to the nearest integer above or below it. All three of these functions require the single argument of number—the cell or number to be rounded. Used with only this argument, all three functions round to the nearest whole number, so that 46.5 would round to 47 with ROUND or ROUNDUP and 46 with ROUNDDOWN. However, if you use the optional count argument, you can specify the number of decimal places to include. For instance, if number was set to 1, then 48.65 would round to 48.7 with ROUND or ROUNDUP and to 48.6 with ROUNDDOWN. As an alternative to ROUNDDOWN when working with decimals, you can use TRUNC (short for truncate). It takes exactly the same arguments as ROUNDDOWN, so which function you use is a matter of choice. If you are not working with decimals, you might choose to use INT (short for integer), which takes only the number argument. Another option is the ODD and EVEN pair of functions. ODD rounds up to the nearest odd number if what is entered in the number argument is a positive number, and rounds down if it is a negative number, while EVEN does the same for an even number. Options are the CEILING and FLOOR functions. As you can guess from the names, CEILING rounds up and FLOOR rounds down. For both functions, the number that they round to is 194 LibreOffice 3.4 Calc Guide
determined by the closest multiple of the number that you enter as the significance argument. For instance, if your business insurance is billed by the work week, the fact that you were only open three days one week would be irrelevant to your costs; you would still be charged for an entire week, and therefore might want to use CEILING in your monthly expenses. Conversely, if you are building customized computers and completed 4.5 in a day, your client would only be interested in the number ready to ship, so you might use FLOOR in a report of your progress. If cell E1 contains the value 46.7, =CEILING(E1,7) will return the value 49. Besides number and significance, both CEILING and FLOOR include an optional argument called mode, which takes a value of 0 or 1. If mode is set to 0, and both the number and the significance are negative numbers, then the result of either function is rounded up; if it is set to 1, and both the number and the significance are negative numbers, then the results are rounded down. In other words, if the number is -11 and the significance is -5, then the result is -10 when the mode is set to 0, but -15 when set to 1. However, if you are exchanging spreadsheets between Calc and MS Excel, remember that the mode argument is not supported by Excel. If you want the answers to be consistent between the two spreadsheets, set the mode in Calc to -1. A function somewhat similar to CEILING and FLOOR is MROUND. Like CEILING AND FLOOR, MROUND requires two arguments, although, somewhat confusingly, the second one is called multiple rather than significance, even though the two are identical. The difference between MROUND and CEILING and FLOOR is that MROUND rounds up or down using symmetric arithmetic rounding. For example, if the number is 77 and the multiple is 5, then MROUND gives a result of 75. However, if the multiple is changed to 7, then MROUND’s result becomes 77. Once you become familiar with Calc’s long, undifferentiated list of functions, you can start to decide which is most useful for your purposes. However, one last point is worth mentioning: If you are working with more than two decimal places, do not be surprised if you do not see the same number of decimal places on the spreadsheet as you do on the function wizard. If you do not, the reason is that Tools > Options > LibreOffice Calc > Calculate > Decimal Places defaults to 2. Change the number of decimal places, and, if necessary, uncheck the Precision as shown box on the same page, and the spreadsheet will display as expected. Using regular expressions in functions A number of functions in Calc allow the use of regular expressions: SUMIF, COUNTIF, MATCH, SEARCH, LOOKUP, HLOOKUP, VLOOKUP, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, DSUM, DPRODUCT, DMAX, DMIN, DAVERAGE, DSTDEV, DSTDEVP, DVAR, DVARP, DGET. Whether or not regular expressions are used is selected on the Tools > Options > LibreOffice Calc > Calculate dialog. Chapter 7 Using Formulas and Functions 195
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LibreOffice 3.4 Calc Guide Using Sp
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Contents Copyright.................
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Using print ranges.................
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Note for Mac users.................
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Who is this book for? Anyone who wa
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What are all these things called? T
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Chapter 1 Introducing Calc Using Sp
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Figure 2: Parts of the Calc window
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Moving toolbars To move a docked to
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Formatting toolbar In the Formattin
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Status bar The Calc status bar prov
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Figure 15: LibreOffice Start Center
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characters are used to separate the
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Figure 18. Saving a spreadsheet in
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Figure 20: Two levels of password p
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Using the Tab and Enter keys • Pr
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Figure 23. Sheet tab arrows Selecti
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Selecting sheets You can select eit
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• Click in an empty space at the
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Deleting sheets Figure 28: Move/Cop
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Figure 30 shows some frozen rows an
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Tip Splitting the screen vertically
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Tip Ranges, scenarios, pictures, an
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Chapter 2 Entering, Editing, and Fo
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Entering dates and times Select the
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Caution Choices that are not availa
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Using selection lists Selection lis
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Figure 46: Defining input help for
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Formatting multiple lines of text M
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• Apply any of the data types in
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Formatting the cell borders Figure
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Before you format a sheet with a th
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Hiding and showing data When elemen
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Figure 64: Select Mrs from the Titl
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Note Sorting records A maximum of e
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Using the Find toolbar The Find too
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Finding and replacing cell styles T
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Chapter 3 Creating Charts and Graph
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Next, open the Chart Wizard dialog
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Selecting data series Figure 78: Am
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Figure 80: Elements of 2D chart Fig
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Figure 94 on page 97 shows examples
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Formatting charts The Format menu h
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You can also use the Transparency p
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Figure 88: Setting the illumination
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The other tabs on the dialog, Line,
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To move a chart interactively: 1) C
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Figure 94: Pie charts As the Chart
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As shown in Figure 97, an area char
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Bubble charts A bubble chart is a v
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Figure 104: Adjusting data series f
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Chapter 4 Using Styles and Template
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Cell styles Similar to paragraph st
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Using the Apply Style list You can
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Category In Calc, the only option i
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Borders The Border and Background t
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Figure 114: Choosing to copy styles
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Creating a template You can create
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Caution Note If you choose Keep Old
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Associating a spreadsheet with a di
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Chapter 5 Using Graphics in Calc
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3) On the Insert Picture dialog, na
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Note Going the other way, from embe
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Figure 124: The Picture Toolbar Tab
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Caution Adjusting colors Applying L
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Resizing a bit-mapped (raster) imag
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Group To group images: 1) Select on
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If support for Asian languages has
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Calc provides several options to re
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Page 141 and 142: Quick printing Click the Print File
Page 143 and 144: Selecting sheets to print In additi
Page 145 and 146: 2) Select the cell range using the
Page 147 and 148: Defining a custom print range In ad
Page 149 and 150: Printing options setup in page styl
Page 151 and 152: From here you can also set the marg
Page 153 and 154: Controlling PDF content and quality
Page 155 and 156: Figure 149: Initial View page of PD
Page 157 and 158: Security page of PDF Options dialog
Page 159 and 160: 2) In your e-mail program, enter th
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 7 Using Formulas and Functi
Page 163 and 164: Figure 154: Error checking of formu
Page 165 and 166: Formula Description =AVERAGE(BloodS
Page 167 and 168: Taking this example further, if the
Page 169 and 170: Examples Figure 160: Reference Oper
Page 171 and 172: Figure 161: Relative references You
Page 173 and 174: Order of calculation Order of calcu
Page 175 and 176: Figure 163: Combining data from sev
Page 177 and 178: 6) Click Yes. You have now copied t
Page 179 and 180: The formula then uses the IF functi
Page 181 and 182: Figure 170: Function Wizard after s
Page 183 and 184: Place a unique formula in each cell
Page 185 and 186: Figure 175: Division by zero soluti
Page 187 and 188: ) Initiate trace by clicking Trace
Page 189: Simple statistics Another common us
Page 193 and 194: Advanced functions As is common wit
Page 195 and 196: Important note Unfortunately, due t
Page 197 and 198: Figure 180: Import settings Creatin
Page 199 and 200: For example, if you drag region and
Page 201 and 202: listing of the individual entry. If
Page 203 and 204: Figure 190: Original Pivot Table (t
Page 205 and 206: In the Subtotals section of the Dat
Page 207 and 208: determined mainly by the type of va
Page 209 and 210: You can change the default names fo
Page 211 and 212: Figure 213: Options for a row or co
Page 213 and 214: Filtering To limit the Pivot Table
Page 215 and 216: Figure 220: Formula reference to a
Page 217 and 218: Figure 223: Second syntax variation
Page 219 and 220: Introduction Once you are familiar
Page 221 and 222: Creating subtotals Subtotals are im
Page 223 and 224: You will appreciate this is a tedio
Page 225 and 226: Figure 233: Click the plus buttons
Page 227 and 228: 5) Optionally select or deselect th
Page 229 and 230: Tracking values in scenarios Figure
Page 231 and 232: Tip You may find it easier to mark
Page 233 and 234: Multiple operations across rows and
Page 235 and 236: Figure 243: Example setup for goal
Page 237 and 238: Figure 246: The Solver dialog Figur
Page 239 and 240: Why use multiple sheets? Chapter 1
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To insert sheets and name them at t
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2) Now, click on the sheet tab for
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4) Switch back to the original spre
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• Document: the hyperlink points
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Figure 262: Using a Web Query to li
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6) Select the required range or tab
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Figure 269: Using the Name box to f
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Viewing data sources Open a documen
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Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
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Non-linked OLE object If the OLE ob
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Chapter 11 Sharing and Reviewing Do
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Opening a shared spreadsheet When y
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Note It is not necessary to passwor
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Figure 285: Comment dialog After yo
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Formatting comments You can change
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Figure 291: Accept or Reject change
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Saving versions Most documents go t
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Chapter 12 Calc Macros Automating r
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7) Set the operation to Multiply an
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args1(3).Name = "Transpose" args1(3
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6) Select AuthorsCalcMacros and cli
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Figure 311: The function is gone Wh
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3) IsArray checks to see if the arg
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Sorting Consider sorting the data i
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Chapter 13 Calc as a Simple Databas
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Associating a range with a name In
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Table 14. com.sun.star.sheet.NamedR
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A database range provides behavior
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Caution When a cell is moved during
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Figure 320: Use the standard filter
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REM empty filter descriptor. oFilte
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The filter created in Listing 17 fi
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Function Description STDEVA Estimat
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Search a block of data using VLOOKU
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The formula =VLOOKUP(83; $Sheet2.$A
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Listing 20. Better use of OFFSET. =
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The database argument is the cell r
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Introduction This chapter describes
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Modify the color components as requ
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Appearance options On the LibreOffi
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VBA Properties Load/Save options On
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General options for Calc In the Opt
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Figure 333: Selecting view options
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Figure 334: Calc calculation option
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Sort Lists options In the Options d
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Figure 339: Calc grid options Print
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Figure 342: The Menus page of the C
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Adding a command to a menu You can
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The new toolbar now appears on the
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Figure 347: Assigning a cell style
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Appendix A Keyboard Shortcuts
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Shortcut Keys Effect Ctrl+Up Arrow
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Arrow key shortcuts Table 32. Arrow
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Appendix B Description of Functions
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Syntax Description ASINH(number) Re
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Syntax Description PRODUCT(number 1
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Accounting systems vary in the numb
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Syntax Description CUMIPMT_ADD(rate
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Syntax Description INTRATE(settleme
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Syntax Description PMT(rate; NPER;
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Syntax Description VDB(cost; salvag
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Syntax Description CHIINV(number; d
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Syntax Description INTERCEPT(data_Y
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Syntax Description RANK(value; data
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Caution Table 39: Data and time fun
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Syntax Description WORKDAY(start_da
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Syntax Description ISNA(value) Retu
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Syntax Description DVAR(database; d
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Syntax Description AREAS(reference)
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Syntax Description OFFSET(reference
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Syntax Description DECIMAL(text; ra
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Syntax Description T(value) Convert
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Syntax Description IMARGUMENT(compl
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Introduction to Calc error codes Ca
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General error codes The following t
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400 LibreOffice 3.4 Calc Guide
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formatting 87 formatting 3D 89 grap
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INDEX 317 INDIRECT 316 informationa
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general options 145 multiple pages
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408 LibreOffice 3.4 Calc Guide
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