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ox — on all three major operating systems. No other language technology application existed prior to our work. 2. Project Status Quo, Goals and Resources The work is organised in two projects, with slightly different goals. It started out as a university-based project, with the goal of building a morphological parser and disambiguator for North, Lule and South Sámi, in order to use it for scientific purposes (i.e., creating a tagged corpus with a Web-based graphical interface and using it for syntactic, morphological and lexical research, publishing reverse dictionaries, etc.). In 2003, the Norwegian Sámi parliament asked for advice on how to build a Sámi spellchecker. They considered the construction of this tool as vital for the use of North Sámi as an administrative language. As a result of this, there are now three people working on the University project and four a half people working on the Sámi parliament project. These projects will run with the present financing for another 2 years. The status quo is that we have a parser with a recall of 80 - 93% on the grammatical analysis of words in running text (modulo genre) and we disambiguate the morphological output with a recall of 99% and a precision of 93%; the outcome is slightly worse for syntactic analysis. The parsers behind these results contain approximately 100 morphophonological rules, 600 continuation lexica and 2000 disambiguation rules. The figures below show the output for the morphological parser for the sentence Mii háliidit muitalit dan birra “We would like to tell about it”. 134
Figure 1: Morphological Analysis of a Sámi Sentence Figure 2 shows the same sentence in disambiguated mode. Here, all irrelevant morphological readings are removed, and in addition, syntactic information has been added on the basis of the information given by the morphological disambiguator. Figure 2: Disambiguated Version of the Same Sentence As for the speller project, there is an alpha version, made with the aspell utility. The parser has also been put to use in interactive pedagogical programs, and there are concrete plans for making a Sámi text-to-speech application. 135
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LULCL 2005 Proceedings of the Lesse
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Bestellungen bei: Europäische Akad
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Computing Non-Concatenative Morphol
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such as German in this special case
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The contributions underline the sig
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unumschränkte Verkehrs- und Verwal
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Nun gilt es zu erklären, wie die S
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Adjektive auf -abel, -ibel, -aivel,
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überzeugenden Vorschlägen auf der
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höheren Transparenz und der Nähe
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sie zu verwenden; gezwungen wird er
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einer sprachpolitischen Förderung
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26 Bibliographie Ascoli, G.I. (1880
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Implementing NLP-Projects for Small
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• Small Languages Shouldn't Do So
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impossible to evaluate. Young resea
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esearch results available as free s
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Parallel corpora of Orwell’s 1984
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data would already have been lost (
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on local players only? A policy for
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“Traitement automatique des langu
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lingua nel modo in cui essa viene e
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Il SDC, data la totale assenza di a
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• l’annotazione linguistica, ch
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La header sarà esterna al CesDoc
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• nelle posizioni da 1 a n i valo
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Cfr. tabella 24 in appendice. 2.4 L
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SP su su Sp- SP stadiu stad
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3. Conclusioni In questo articolo a
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Ide, N. (2004). “Preparation and
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Tabella 1: Codici per le parti del
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Vaii3s- VAS3II hiat, fiat Vaii1p- V
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Vmg----a VMGA tzerriendidda Vmg----
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Tabella 9: e per la categoria “
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Tabella 11: e per la categoria
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Tabella 17: e per la categoria “
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The Relevance of Lesser-Used Langua
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(better known as the ‘short Cimbr
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(2) Haute die Mome hat gekoaft die
Page 83 and 84: (14b) ’az se nette ghenan vüar 3
Page 85 and 86: what-he says (30) ben-ig-en nox vin
Page 87 and 88: • No cases of proclisis to the in
Page 89 and 90: Second, syntactic change does not p
Page 91 and 92: 91 Abbreviations Cat.1602 Cimbrian
Page 93 and 94: cimbra del XVI secolo. Final essay
Page 95 and 96: sincronica proiettata nella diacron
Page 97 and 98: Creating Word Class Tagged Corpora
Page 99 and 100: 2b bo+ bomalome uncles 3 mo- monwan
Page 101 and 102: Table 4: Alternatives in Tagging th
Page 103 and 104: • Nouns and verbs can be guessed
Page 105 and 106: Tag category: Common noun, singular
Page 107 and 108: 3.4 Verb Guesser In Table 3 above,
Page 109 and 110: Table 8: Sample Results of Noun Gue
Page 111 and 112: potential word class features. This
Page 113 and 114: and Bantu languages in general. It
Page 115: Poulos, G. & Louwrens, L.J. (1994).
Page 118 and 119: are available for these languages,
Page 120 and 121: demonstrative pronoun ba, preceding
Page 122 and 123: These different writing systems imp
Page 124 and 125: At this stage, it is important to n
Page 126 and 127: Concerning the tags used in the abo
Page 128 and 129: Figure 4: Multi-level Approach Towa
Page 130 and 131: 6. Conclusion and Future Work In th
Page 133: Grammar-based Language Technology f
Page 137 and 138: 3.1 Choosing Between a ‘Top-down
Page 139 and 140: It goes without saying that we use
Page 141 and 142: Figure 4: Quote from cvs Log Using
Page 143 and 144: • We have made a project-internal
Page 145 and 146: others. By doing this, we hope that
Page 147: Karttunen, L., Kaplan, R.M. & Zaene
Page 150 and 151: academia, health, social services a
Page 152 and 153: home help (of service) cymorth cart
Page 154 and 155: 4.2 Implementing TMF: a Simple Firs
Page 156 and 157: categories into the TBX structure w
Page 158 and 159: home help entryTerm singular hom
Page 160 and 161: Table 3: An Example Entry in the Te
Page 162 and 163: “ 16
Page 164 and 165: as WordFast. Cysgeir supports loadi
Page 166 and 167: Ultimately, the same structure and
Page 168 and 169: 168 References “Cronfa Genedlaeth
Page 171 and 172: SpeechCluster: A Speech Data Multit
Page 173 and 174: that can be used by external develo
Page 175 and 176: Table 1: SpeechCluster command-line
Page 177 and 178: This task is a minor inconvenience
Page 179 and 180: esearcher/developers are able to us
Page 181 and 182: Line Code Fig. 2 Table 9: segfake i
Page 183 and 184: charge, and the models generated ca
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segFake’d training data with the
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187 References Black, A. W., Taylor
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XNLRDF: The Open Source Framework f
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categories are: the orthography, th
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2.1 Unicode and Characters: Upperca
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• The resource is not directly ac
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esource and the access to the resou
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5.2 The Names of Metadata Categorie
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Plate 4: A writing system (Thai) re
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7. Status of the Project and Future
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Writing Standard Sometimes the same
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language-archives.org/documents/ove
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of Cultures in Barcelona (with a ve
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3. Evaluation The evaluation perfor
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OK 1.19% 7.14% OK- 0% 5.96% Unaccep
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a price, asking for information abo
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4.3 Formality Feature In Catalan an
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SPA: Calle Pelayo SPA/CAT: Calle Pe
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Catalan. In each case, we described
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User’s Manual.” Technical Repor
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I begin with a brief overview of Ge
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• Scr - Screeve marker. This is a
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In many cases, the inflectional end
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“The man paints / is painting the
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• Lexical class-dependent screeve
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verbs whose lexical information is
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4.3 Level 2: Semi-regular Patterns
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substitute the appropriate roots in
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• Several types of exercises are
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244 References Anderson, S.R. (1992
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The Igbo Language and Computer Ling
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The overall conclusion from this ov
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2.2 The Computer Phase The computer
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product on the grounds that Alt-I c
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These programs are relatively theor
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In its Dataset component, the progr
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Figure 8: A Word Without Subdots in
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simply used the German umlauted vow
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263 References Adegbola, T. (2003).
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Annotation of Documents for Electro
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electronic corpora, regardless of w
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writing of Hebrew represented the o
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3.2 Automatic Generation of Electro
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There are two types of annotations:
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inspired by the relational model is
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In the context of this particular t
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Pédauque, R.T. (2003). “Document
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Il ladino fra polinomia e standardi
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Vocabolar todësch - ladin (Val Bad
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persone che si trovano a dover scri
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Fig. 6: Esempio di scheda di lemma
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2.4 I corpora elettronici Nell’am
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installazione automatica e di guida
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293 Bibliografia Bortolotti, E. & R
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Schmid, H. (2000). Criteri per la f
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del progetto sono effettivamente ri
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Oltre all’indubbio valore storico
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Questo tipo di attestazioni compren
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caso che, successivamente, lo spogl
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Stealth Learning with an Online Dog
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Figure 1: Colin and Cumberland - Th
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• Closed Pos croeseiriau (crosswo
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Mutations never occur in words when
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} } } { } if (word[x-1] == ‘N’)
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Figure 2: Screenshot showing Dic Pe
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In programming terms, this is done
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The old know, the young suppose A
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Figure 7: Pos Croeseiriau Screensho
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8. Results Figure 7: Screenshot of
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“Archif Melville Richards Histori
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Victoria Arranz (& Elisabet Comelle
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Luca Panieri Il progetto “Zimbarb
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Grammar-based language technology f
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Gruffudd Prys Language Technologies
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