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Paper presented at the International Workshop on Igbo Meta-Language. (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 18 April 2004). Yusuf, M.O. (1998). “An Investigation into Teachers’ Competence in Implementing Computer Education in Nigerian Secondary Schools.” Journal of Science Teaching and Learning, 3(1 & 2), 54-63. Yusuf, M.O. (2005). “Information and Communication Technology and Education: Analysing the Nigerian National Policy for Information Technology.” International Education Journal, 6(3), 316-321. 264
Annotation of Documents for Electronic Editing of Judeo-Spanish <strong>Text</strong>s: Problems and Solutions Soufiane Roussi and Ana Stulic The result of an interdisciplinary process comprising Linguistics, Information and Computer Sciences, this contribution consists of modelling the annotated electronic editing of Judeo-Spanish 1 texts written in Hebrew characters, following the principle of document generation in a collaborative work environment. Our approach is based on the concept of digital document annotation that places mark-up at any text level, starting with the character resulting from the transcription. Our point of view is that the annotations of a ‘translated/interpreted’ document can have two different purposes: to interpret (to add new mark-up in order to propose a different interpretation from the one formulated at the beginning); and, to comment (make a comment on the interpretation done by another author). Our aim is to make it possible for the reader/ user to interact with the document by adding his own interpretation (translation) and/or comments on an interpretation made by another author. We present a model for the description of annotation in response to our problem. 1. Introduction In this paper, we will explore the problem of digital document annotations in application to the very specific problem of building a Judeo-Spanish corpus. We will briefly present the interest of such an enterprise, together with some difficulties related to building corpora in general, as well as those specific to the Judeo-Spanish case. Considering the recent developments in information technology (IT), we will take into account the concepts of digital documents, automatic generation of documents, and production of digital documents in collaborative mode, and then, apply them to our problem. Finally, we will propose a prototype model for Judeo-Spanish corpus building in the context of a collaborative environment. This proposal offers some conceptual and methodological solutions based on existing technologies, but leaves open the question of technical realisation. 1 The language of the Sephardic Jews, who, after being expelled from Spain at the end of 15th century, settled in the greater Mediterranean area. 265
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LULCL 2005 Proceedings of the Lesse
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Bestellungen bei: Europäische Akad
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Computing Non-Concatenative Morphol
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such as German in this special case
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The contributions underline the sig
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unumschränkte Verkehrs- und Verwal
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Nun gilt es zu erklären, wie die S
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Adjektive auf -abel, -ibel, -aivel,
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überzeugenden Vorschlägen auf der
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höheren Transparenz und der Nähe
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sie zu verwenden; gezwungen wird er
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einer sprachpolitischen Förderung
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26 Bibliographie Ascoli, G.I. (1880
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Implementing NLP-Projects for Small
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• Small Languages Shouldn't Do So
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impossible to evaluate. Young resea
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esearch results available as free s
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Parallel corpora of Orwell’s 1984
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data would already have been lost (
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on local players only? A policy for
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“Traitement automatique des langu
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lingua nel modo in cui essa viene e
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Il SDC, data la totale assenza di a
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• l’annotazione linguistica, ch
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La header sarà esterna al CesDoc
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• nelle posizioni da 1 a n i valo
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Cfr. tabella 24 in appendice. 2.4 L
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SP su su Sp- SP stadiu stad
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3. Conclusioni In questo articolo a
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Ide, N. (2004). “Preparation and
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Tabella 1: Codici per le parti del
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Vaii3s- VAS3II hiat, fiat Vaii1p- V
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Vmg----a VMGA tzerriendidda Vmg----
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Tabella 9: e per la categoria “
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Tabella 11: e per la categoria
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Tabella 17: e per la categoria “
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The Relevance of Lesser-Used Langua
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(better known as the ‘short Cimbr
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(2) Haute die Mome hat gekoaft die
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(14b) ’az se nette ghenan vüar 3
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what-he says (30) ben-ig-en nox vin
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• No cases of proclisis to the in
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Second, syntactic change does not p
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91 Abbreviations Cat.1602 Cimbrian
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cimbra del XVI secolo. Final essay
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sincronica proiettata nella diacron
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Creating Word Class Tagged Corpora
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2b bo+ bomalome uncles 3 mo- monwan
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Table 4: Alternatives in Tagging th
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• Nouns and verbs can be guessed
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Tag category: Common noun, singular
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3.4 Verb Guesser In Table 3 above,
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Table 8: Sample Results of Noun Gue
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potential word class features. This
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and Bantu languages in general. It
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Poulos, G. & Louwrens, L.J. (1994).
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are available for these languages,
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demonstrative pronoun ba, preceding
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These different writing systems imp
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At this stage, it is important to n
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Concerning the tags used in the abo
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Figure 4: Multi-level Approach Towa
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6. Conclusion and Future Work In th
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Grammar-based Language Technology f
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Figure 1: Morphological Analysis of
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3.1 Choosing Between a ‘Top-down
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It goes without saying that we use
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Figure 4: Quote from cvs Log Using
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• We have made a project-internal
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others. By doing this, we hope that
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Karttunen, L., Kaplan, R.M. & Zaene
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academia, health, social services a
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home help (of service) cymorth cart
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4.2 Implementing TMF: a Simple Firs
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categories into the TBX structure w
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home help entryTerm singular hom
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Table 3: An Example Entry in the Te
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“ 16
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as WordFast. Cysgeir supports loadi
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Ultimately, the same structure and
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168 References “Cronfa Genedlaeth
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SpeechCluster: A Speech Data Multit
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that can be used by external develo
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Table 1: SpeechCluster command-line
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This task is a minor inconvenience
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esearcher/developers are able to us
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Line Code Fig. 2 Table 9: segfake i
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charge, and the models generated ca
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segFake’d training data with the
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187 References Black, A. W., Taylor
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XNLRDF: The Open Source Framework f
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categories are: the orthography, th
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2.1 Unicode and Characters: Upperca
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• The resource is not directly ac
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esource and the access to the resou
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5.2 The Names of Metadata Categorie
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Plate 4: A writing system (Thai) re
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7. Status of the Project and Future
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Writing Standard Sometimes the same
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language-archives.org/documents/ove
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of Cultures in Barcelona (with a ve
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3. Evaluation The evaluation perfor
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Page 218 and 219: 4.3 Formality Feature In Catalan an
Page 220 and 221: SPA: Calle Pelayo SPA/CAT: Calle Pe
Page 222 and 223: Catalan. In each case, we described
Page 224 and 225: User’s Manual.” Technical Repor
Page 226 and 227: I begin with a brief overview of Ge
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Page 230 and 231: In many cases, the inflectional end
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Page 234 and 235: • Lexical class-dependent screeve
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Page 238 and 239: 4.3 Level 2: Semi-regular Patterns
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Page 242 and 243: • Several types of exercises are
Page 244 and 245: 244 References Anderson, S.R. (1992
Page 247 and 248: The Igbo Language and Computer Ling
Page 249 and 250: The overall conclusion from this ov
Page 251 and 252: 2.2 The Computer Phase The computer
Page 253 and 254: product on the grounds that Alt-I c
Page 255 and 256: These programs are relatively theor
Page 257 and 258: In its Dataset component, the progr
Page 259 and 260: Figure 8: A Word Without Subdots in
Page 261 and 262: simply used the German umlauted vow
Page 263: 263 References Adegbola, T. (2003).
Page 267 and 268: electronic corpora, regardless of w
Page 269 and 270: writing of Hebrew represented the o
Page 271 and 272: 3.2 Automatic Generation of Electro
Page 273 and 274: There are two types of annotations:
Page 275 and 276: inspired by the relational model is
Page 277 and 278: In the context of this particular t
Page 279 and 280: Pédauque, R.T. (2003). “Document
Page 281 and 282: Il ladino fra polinomia e standardi
Page 283 and 284: Vocabolar todësch - ladin (Val Bad
Page 285 and 286: persone che si trovano a dover scri
Page 287 and 288: Fig. 6: Esempio di scheda di lemma
Page 289 and 290: 2.4 I corpora elettronici Nell’am
Page 291 and 292: installazione automatica e di guida
Page 293 and 294: 293 Bibliografia Bortolotti, E. & R
Page 295: Schmid, H. (2000). Criteri per la f
Page 298 and 299: del progetto sono effettivamente ri
Page 300 and 301: Oltre all’indubbio valore storico
Page 302 and 303: Questo tipo di attestazioni compren
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Page 307 and 308: Stealth Learning with an Online Dog
Page 309 and 310: Figure 1: Colin and Cumberland - Th
Page 311 and 312: • Closed Pos croeseiriau (crosswo
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} } } { } if (word[x-1] == ‘N’)
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Figure 2: Screenshot showing Dic Pe
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In programming terms, this is done
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The old know, the young suppose A
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Figure 7: Pos Croeseiriau Screensho
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8. Results Figure 7: Screenshot of
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“Archif Melville Richards Histori
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Victoria Arranz (& Elisabet Comelle
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Luca Panieri Il progetto “Zimbarb
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Grammar-based language technology f
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Gruffudd Prys Language Technologies
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